• 식물병연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2012

자두 검은점무늬병에 걸린 식물체로부터 순수분리된 X. arboricola pv. pruni 균을 NA배지에서 배양한 후 국내재배 핵과류에 분무접종한 결과 자두, 매실, 살구에 있어서는 과실에 뚜렷한 병원성을 나타내었으나 복숭아 과실은 저항성을 나타내었다. 특히 매실과 살구에서는 극심한 초기 과민성반응이 나타났는데 과실의 50% 정도가 생장 정지되어 낙과되는 현상을 보였으며 병반의 크기는 자두와는 달리 크게 진행되지 않고 많은 점무늬를 형성하는 병반형태를 나타내었고 복숭아에서는 과실병징이 나타나지 않았다. 접종된 여름철 신초가지에서 자두 포모사품종에서는 도관부까지 궤양조직이 형성되었으나 살구 그리고 매실에서는 체관부일부에서만 궤양조직이 형성되어 분리된 병원균은 자두 포모사품종에 특이적인 감염조직을 형성함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1969

Heterotopic abdominal homograft of canine heart was carried out in 20 pairs of dogs. Of these 12 cases were subjected as a control and 8 were subjected to immunosuppressive group. The dosage of immunosuppressive agent was 5mg/kg/day of Imuran [Azathioprine] for 3 days preoperatively, 10mg/kg on operative day and 5mg/kg/day postoperatively. For reducing the metabolic demand, the donor heart was preserved in 4degree heparinized saline solution for approximately I4 minutes. In the most of the cases, transplantation was performed with the technique of end-to-side aorto-aortic anastomosis and end-to-side pulmonary artery-inferior vena cava anastomosis at the infrarenal portion. Five out of 20 grafted dogs were survived more than one day. The longest survived 18 days in the control group and survive more than 60 days in the treated group. The survival cases were 3 out of 8[37. 5%] in the group of dogs treated with lmuran and 2`out of 12 [16.6%] in the group of non-treated. A prominent gross findings of the grafted heart was a minimal to moderate degree of dilatation of the heart with or without thrombosis in the cardiac chambers and/or anastomotic site. The case number 10, 15, and 19 showed moderate hypertrophy in grossly. The microscopic findings were as follows; 1. There were early hypersensitive histologic reactions such as interstitial edema, cellular infiltrations and early degenerative changes in the myocardium in the cases of 3 hour survival. 2. In the cases of more than 6 hours survival, organizing thrombosis of myocardial vessels, vasculitis,myocardial necrosis and lymphocyte, plasma cell, round cell infiltrations were noted. In the cases of more than 12 hours survival, the degree of these histologic changes especially in the non-treated group were more intensified than in the treated. 3. In the cases which survived more than one day, so called homograft specific histologic changes were milder in the immunosuppressive group compared with the control. 4. All the host hearts showed no evidence of pathologic findings histologically. Among the homologous canine cardiac transplantation tissue reaction, was milder and suvival time longer in the group treated with immunosuppressive drug.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2018

Objectives: Isolated mandibular fractures contribute to approximately 45% of maxillofacial traumas. Improper management of mandibular fractures can cause myriad potential complications and can lead to serious functional and aesthetic sequelae. The objective of the study is to design a stepwise approach for managing isolated mandibular fractures using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with regional anesthesia on outpatient basis. Materials and Methods: Patients with isolated mandibular fractures presenting to the department of maxillofacial surgery were selected for ORIF under regional anesthesia based on occlusion, age, socioeconomic status, general condition, habits, and allied medical ailments. Standard preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols were followed. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 weeks up to a maximum of 1 year. Results: Of 23 patients who received regional anesthesia, all but one had good postoperative functional occlusion. One patient was hypersensitive and had difficulty tolerating the procedure. Two patients developed an extraoral draining sinus, one of whom was managed with local curettage, while the other required hardware removal. One patient, who was a chronic alcoholic, returned 1 week after treatment with deranged fracture segments after he fell while intoxicated. Conclusion: With proper case selection following a stepwise protocol, the majority of mandibular fractures requiring ORIF can be managed with regional anesthesia and yield minimal to no complications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2019

Mast cells are the most prominent effector cells of Type 1 hypersensitivity immune responses. CYC116 [4-(2-amino-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-N-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl] pyrimidin-2-amine] is under development to be used as an anti-cancer drug, but the inhibitory effects of CYC116 on the activation of mast cells and related allergy diseases have not reported as of yet. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CYC116 inhibited the degranulation of mast cells by antigen stimulation ($IC_{50}$, ${\sim}1.42{\mu}M$). CYC116 also inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-${\alpha}$ ($IC_{50}$, ${\sim}1.10{\mu}M$), and IL-6 ($IC_{50}$, ${\sim}1.24{\mu}M$). CYC116 inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic responses, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (ED50, ~22.5 mg/kg), and passive systemic anaphylaxis in a dose-dependent manner in laboratory experiments performed on mice. Specifically, CYC116 inhibited the activity of Fyn in mast cells and inhibited the activation of Syk and Syk-dependent signaling proteins including LAT, $PLC{\gamma}$, Akt, and MAP kinases. Our results suggest that CYC116 could be used as an alternative therapeutic medication for mast cell-mediated allergic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.538-542
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• 2019

In 2017, two new tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) isolates were collected from greenhouses in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Full-length cDNAs of the new ToMV isolates were cloned into dual cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and T7 promoter-driven vectors, sequenced and their pathogenicities investigated. The nucleotide sequences of isolates GW1 (MH507165) and GW2 (MH507166) were 99% identical, resulting in only two amino acid differences in nonconserved region II and the helicase domain, Ile668Thr and Val834Ile. The two isolates were most closely related to a ToMV isolate from Taiwan (KJ207374). Isolate GW1 (Ile668, Val834) induced a systemic hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana compared with the isolate GW2, which a single residue substitution showed was due to Val834.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2022

Mast cells are an effector cell that plays a pivotal role in type I hypersensitive immune responses. Mast cells exist in connective tissues, such as skin and mucosal tissue, and contain granules which contain bioactive substances such as histamine and heparin in cells. The granules of mast cells are secreted by antigen stimulation to cause the type I allergic hypersensitivity. In addition, stimulated by antigen, mast cells synthesize and secrete various eicosanoids and cytokines. While AT9283 is known to have anticancer effects, the therapeutic effect of AT9283 on allergic disorders is completely unknown. In this study, it was found that AT9283 reversibly inhibited antigen-IgE binding-induced degranulation in mast cells (IC₅₀, approx. 0.58 μM) and suppressed the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (IC₅₀, approx. 0.09 μM) and TNF-α (IC₅₀, approx. 0.19 μM). For a mechanism of mast cell inhibition, while not inhibiting Syk phosphorylation, AT9283 suppressed the activation of LAT, a downstream substrate protein of Syk, in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, AT9283 also inhibited the activation of PLCγ1 and Akt, downstream signaling molecules of Syk/LAT, and MAP kinases such as JNK, Erk1/2, and P38. In an in vitro protein tyrosine kinase assay, AT9283 directly inhibited Syk activity. Next, AT9283 dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), an IgE-mediated allergic acute response, in mice (ED50, approx. 34 mg/kg, p.o.). These findings suggest that AT9283 has potential to use as a new drug for alleviating the symptoms of IgE-mediated allergic disorders.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether herb mixture extract (HME) would affect allergic contact dermatitis induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. For this, the level of blood IgE was identified. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of HME, we tested HMC-1 cells stimulated by PMA+A231867. Methods : In order to evaluate allergic contact dermatitis effects we observed HME on contact-hypersensitive skin of Balb/cmice induced by 0.5% DNCB and measured concentration of IgE in blood of Balb/c mice. In order to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of cytokine expression we used the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : We confirmed deep wounds, erosions, progress of keratinization and drop out of dead skin cells from Balb/c mice induced by 0.5% DNCB. We also observed a remarkable decrease in symptoms of atopic dermatitis in the group that received injection of 200mg/kg HME. In addition, in the measurement outcome for IgE concentration in blood, we confirmed that IgE concentration was increased by treatment with DNCB only, while it was markedly decreased by treatment with HME. We confirmed that cytokine expression decreased through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pERK, pJNK, and pp38 also decreased through western blot test Conclusions : According to the above results, HME has some effect on alleviating symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis and has anti-inflammatory effects.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.90.1-90
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• 2003

Colonization of Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, a nonpathogenic rhizobacterium, on the roots induced systemic resistance in cucumber plants against tai-get leaf spot, a foliar disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola. A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA extracted from the cucumber leaves 12 h after inoculation with C. cassiicola, which roots had been previously treated with O6. To identify the genes involved in the O6-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR), we employed a subtractive hybridization method using mRNAs extracted from C cassiicola-inoculated cucumber leaves with and without previous O6 treatment on the plant roots. Differential screening of the cDNA library led to the isolation of 5 distinct genesencoding a GTP-binding protein, a putative senescence-associated protein, a galactinol synthase, a hypersensitive-induced reaction protein, and a putative aquaporin. Expressions of these genes are not induced by O6 colonization alone. Before challenge inoculation, no increase in the gene transcriptions could be detected in previously O6-treated and untreated plants but, upon subsequent inoculation with the pathogenic fungus, transcription levels in O6-treated plants rose significantly faster and stronger than in untreated plants. Therefore, the O6-mediated ISR may be associated with an enhanced capacity for the rapid and effective activation of cellular defense responses which becomes apparent only after challenge inoculation on the distal, untreated plant parts, as suggested by Conrath et al. (2002). This work was supported by a grant R11-2001-092-02006-0 from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through the Agricultural Plant Stress Research Center at Chonnam National University.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

■ Introduction Allergy refers a hypersensitive immune response to the various environmental factors and Qi is considered as vit al energy to defend oneself from environments in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the relationship between allergy and Qi-deficiency ■ Methods We enrolled the subjects with allergic disorders and the healthy controls without allergic disorders. We got the information on the general characteristics, and the score of Qi-deficiency from all of the subjects, and measured their total Immunoglobulin E(IgE) level. ■ Results There were one hundred forty three subjects with allergic disorders and 211 of the control. The educational level, total IgE, and the scores of the Qi-deficiency were higher in the allergy group than in the control. ■ Conclusion Allergic subjects tend to have more severe Qi-deficiency. This could suggest the clinical effectiveness of some herbal medicines for Qi-deficiency on allergic disorders.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.37.1-37.11
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• 2023

Forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3⁺)-inducible Tregs (iTregs) are readily generated by TGF-β1 at low TCR signaling intensity. TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression is further enhanced by retinoic acid (RA) and lactoferrin (LF). However, the intensity of TCR signaling required for induction of Foxp3 expression by TGF-β1 in combination with RA and LF is unknown. Here, we found that either RA or LF alone decreased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression at low TCR signaling intensity. In contrast, at high TCR signaling intensity, the addition of either RA or LF strongly increased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression. Moreover, decreased CD28 stimulation was more favorable for TGF-β1/LF-mediated Foxp3 expression. Lastly, we found that at high signaling intensities of both TCR and CD28, combined treatment with TGF-β1, RA, and LF induced robust expression of Foxp3, in parallel with powerful suppressive activity against responder T cell proliferation. Our findings that TGFβ/RA/LF strongly generate high affinity Ag-specific iTreg population would be useful for the control of unwanted hypersensitive immune reactions such as various autoimmune diseases.