• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.404-415
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• 1990

This study is conducted to evalute the effect of ginseng fraction component (ginseng extract solution, GES; ginseng protein, GP; ginseng saponin, GSA; ginseng residue, GR) upon hyperlipidemia and fatty liver induced by high fat administration. In doing so, the serum, liver and epididymal adpoid tissue have been examined for lipid components level and lipoprotein fraction. Feces bile acid and neutral sterol excretion have been also measured. 1'he results obtained from this study are as follows. 1. Serum, liver, epididymal lipid components of GP and GSA group were significantly lower than the controlgroup. 2. During the feeding experiment, VLDL and LDL increase while HDL decrease in all group. However the degree of VLDL and LDL increase and HDL decrease were signficantly small in GP and GSA group compared with control group. 3. In the excretion of bile acid and neutral sterol, all experiment group showed increased excretion in the comparison of control group.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2000

Tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III from the flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana showed potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intraperitoneal administration of these two compounds with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, for seven days to streptozotocin-induced rats significantly reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL- and VLDI-cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared with those of control group. Glycitein in which 5-OH is unlinked and tectoridin (7-O-glycoside of tectorigenin) isolated from the flowers of P. thunbergiana did not improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In addition, tectorigenin showed in vitro antioxidant effects on 1,1-diphenyl-B-pirylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, xanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide anion radical, and lipid peroxidation in rat microsomes induced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. We further found that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III protected the Vero cell line(normal monkey kidney) from injury by hydrogen peroxide. From these findings, it seems likely that the antioxidant action of tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III may alleviate the streptozotocin-induced toxicity and contribute to hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of the combination with Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), Gastrodia Rhizoma (Gastrodia elata Blume) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg) on metabolic disorders including cholesterol and erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemia rats.Methods : Animals were divided into six groups; Control with normal diet, high fat/cholesterol-diet (HFCD), fluvastatin, Korean Red Ginseng treated (KRG), and the combination treated (Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori Radix; 1:1:1 for KGP1 and 2:1:1 for KGP2). The experimental groups initially received HFCD for 10 weeks and then treated orally with fluvastatin, KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 during the final 6 weeks. Erectile function was determined by the measurements of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and maximal arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve.Results : KGP2 decreased the level of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the sera of HFCD rats without no changes of body weights. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 decreased the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels except of fluvastatin, synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 significantly increased the ICP, ICP/MAP ratio, area under the curve (AUC) compared with those of normal rat. Morphometric analyses showed that KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 increased the volume of smooth muscle and the regular arrangement of collagen fibers in corpus cavernosum of HFCD rats. The penile expression of eNOS was increased by KRG, KGP1 and KGP2.Conclusions : Based on these results, we suggest that the combination with Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori may improve hyperlipidemia through regulating the lipid profiles and erectile dysfunction in rats.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2009

The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of an ethyl acetate fraction from Orostachy japonicus in a high lipid diet-induced hyperlipidemic rat model were assessed. The fraction, which contained kaempferol, astragalin, and isoquercitrin, was associated with significant weight loss and reduction of lipid contents in serum and liver tissues. The fraction, which contains mainly flavonoids, diminished the levels of malondialdehyde and hydroxyl radical, and increased the anti-oxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Reduced bleeding and plasma clotting times resulting from the administration of the ethyl acetate fraction may reduce cardiovascular disease associated with hyperlipidemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.871-886
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• 2008

Objective : Gypsum fibrosum has been traditionally used in treatment of febrile diseases and recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory effect. Chronic renal failure has a serious clinical symptoms including proteinuria, azotemia, anemia, and hyperlipidemia and has characteristic histopathological changes, glomerular hypertrophy, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and crescentic sclerosis, We investigated the effects of gypsum fibrosum on renal functional and histopathological disorder in chronic renal failure rat model induced 5/6 nephrectomy. Methods : Using Sprague-Dawley rats, CRF was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. The rats were divided into 3 groups, normal, conrol, and gypsum administered orally with gypsum fibrosum 500mg/kg/day. Body weight, 24 hr proteinuria, hematologic analysis, and histological morphologic changes were followed up after 8 weeks. The glomerular macrophage/monocyte infiltration, $TGF-{\beta}_1$, type IV collagen, and angiotensin II type1 receptor($AT_1$) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Resuls : In the CRF control group, functional parameters and histopathologic changes clearly indicated the development of CRF. 24 hr proteinuria significantly increased in the CRF control group over the normal group, and serum creatinine level was lower in the gypsum group than in the control group, LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the gypsum group than in the control group. Morphological investigations showed a variety of characteristic features of CRF, glomerular hypertrophy, increasing cellular density of glomerulus, deposition of extra-cellular matrix, fibrotic change, and glomerular sclerosis in the control group, but in the gypsum group, these features diminished significantly. In observation of renal type IV collagen and $AT_1$ expression, positive area significantly increased in the control group over the normal group, and it significantly decreased in the gypsum group compared to the control group. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that gypsum fibrosum inhibits $AT_1$ and type IV collagen expression in renal tissues and attenuates progression of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in chronic renal failure rats, which lead to amelioration of renal function. From these results, we suggest that gypsum fibrosum may have renoprotective effects and could be a useful remedy agent for treating chronic renal failure.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.369-381
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• 2022

Objectives: Hyperlipidemia (HL) is a major cause of ischemic heart diseases. The size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a cardioprotective phenomenon, is reduced in HL, possibly because of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The objective of this study is to see what effect pretreatment with Inula racemose Hook root extract (IrA) had on IPC-mediated cardioprotection on HL Wistar rat hearts. An isolated rat heart was mounted on the Langendorff heart array, and then ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and IPC cycles were performed. Atractyloside (Atr) is an MPTP opener. Methods: The animals were divided into ten groups, each consisting of six rats (n = 6), to investigate the modulation of I. racemosa Hook extract on cardioprotection by IPC in HL hearts: Sham control, I/R Control, IPC control, I/R + HL, I/R + IrA + HL, IPC + HL, IPC + NS + HL, IPC + IrA+ HL, IPC + Atr + oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, integrity, and hemodynamic parameters are evaluated for each group. Results: The present experimental data show that pretreatment with IrA reduced the LDH, CK-MB, size of myocardial infarction, content of cardiac collagen, and ventricular fibrillation in all groups of HL rat hearts. This pretreatment also reduced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of MPTP opening by Atr diminished the effect of IrA on IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that pretreatment with IrA e restores IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats by inhibiting the MPTP opening.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2013

오늘날 현대인들의 식생활방식 중 과다한 열량의 영양소 섭취로 인하여 초래되는 비만의 유발 원인 중의 하나로 알려진 고지혈증(hyperlipidemia)에 대한 예방효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 전통방식으로 제조된 고추장의 생리활성 기능성 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 실험동물로서 Sprague-Dawley(SD)-Rat에 대해서 고추장 추출물의 건강증진 효과에 대해서 실험동물을 사용하여 직접 확인하고 시도하였다. 실험군은 실험동물용 일반사료만을 먹인 음성대조군 그룹(N-group)과 일반사료와 고추장 추출물을 동시에 먹인 시험그룹(K-group) 그리고 양성대조군으로 고콜레스테롤 사료만을 먹인 그룹(H-group)으로 구분하여 5주간 사육하면서 건강증진효과의 발현에 대해서 분석하였다. 3그룹의 실험동물을 5주간의 사육 후 해부했을 때 H-group의 모든 동물(100%)에서 공통적으로 심한 지방간(fatty liver) 소견이 관찰되었으나, N-group이나 K-group의 어떠한 동물에서도 지방간 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, 실험동물의 혈장성분에 대한 혈액생화학적 성적의 비교에서는 고지혈증의 예방에 유익한 성분으로 알려진 HDL의 경우, 고추장 추출물 투여 그룹($25{\pm}8.43mg/d{\ell}$)은 H-group($22.6{\pm}4.16$) 보다 다소간 상승된 수치를 보였으나, 특히 고지혈증을 악화시키는 원인으로 알려진 LDL 경우에는 H-group ($55.8{\pm}44.8mg/d{\ell}$)이 고추장 추출물 투여 그룹($8.6{\pm}1.52mg/d{\ell}$)과 음성대조군인 N-group($9.8{\pm}2.39$)의 성적보다도 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 결과적으로 이 연구에서 SD-Rat에 투여했던 고추장 추출물은 실험동물에서 건강기능 개선효과의 하나인 저지방혈증 효과를 발현한 것으로 사료되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

본 연구는 streptozotocin으로 당뇨병을 유도하는 조건들을 농도에 따른 변화를 관찰하고, 적절한 조건에서 당뇨쥐에서의 저강도의 treadmill 운동이 체중과 혈중의 당, 인슐린 및 지질의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였으며, 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 실험 I에서 STZ 주사량이 40 mg/mg으로 높아질수록 정상군에 비해 혈당이 유의하게 증가하고, 반대로 체중과 인슐린 농도는 상대적으로 감소하였다. 실험II에서 STZ 주사를 한 모든 군에서 혈당이 유의하게 증가하지만 BE군은 C군에 비해 그 증가율이 유의하게 억제되었으며, 운동이 인슐린 농도와 혈중지질 농도를 정상적으로 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 당뇨 유발 전부터 운동을 실시한 경우 그 효과가 더욱 유의하게 나타났으며, 앞으로 당뇨 유발의 정도와 운동 빈도 및 강도와 관련된 더욱 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.170-187
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• 2011

Background : Obesity, the syndrome caused by a high fat diet, is a disease. At the same time, obesity causes diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, its prevalence rate is increasing. Yagwan-cheunghyeoltang (YCT) used in this experiment is the prescription of Yagwanmoon added to Cheunghyeol-tang which is reported to be very effective in weight loss controlling and serum cholesterol. It is also reported that Yagwanmoon has significant antioxidant effects and YCT has a significant effect on blood glucose control. Objectives : This study was conducted to experimentally evaluate the effects of YCT on obesity in rats induced by high fat diet. Methods : The experiment was conducted with 4-week-old male rat s divided into 5 groups. They were a normal diet group, a high fat diet group, a positive drug control group, a 1% YCT group, and a YCT 3% group, and were tested for eight weeks. After four weeks of inducing obesity by a high fat diet, rats were allowed to lose weight by following the normal diet group, approximately 30% compared with 10 rats in each group were determined as still obese. Changes in body weight and organ weight and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose-density, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, antioxidant activity were checked. Results : In the experimental groups, we observed weight loss and visceral fat reduction, improvement of liver function, reduction of serum glucose, activation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduction of concentrations of leptin and it showed a significant effect on antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. Conclusions : YCT has significant effects on the regulation of hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation associated with obesity and has significant effects on, antioxidants and lipid peroxidation, too. Additional clinical studies are needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2004

We found previously that dietary high fat caused obesity, and levan supplementation to the regular diet reduced adiposity and serum lipids. In the present study, we examined the effects of levan [high-molecular-mass $\beta$-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer] supplement on the development of obesity and lipid metabolism in rats fed with high-fat diet. Thus, to determine whether the dietary levan may have the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects, 4-wk-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with high-fat diet for 6 wk to induce obesity, and subsequently fed with 0, 1, 5, or 10% levan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 4 wk. For the comparison, a normal control group was fed with AIN-76A diet. Supplementation with levan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced body weight gain, white fat (i.e., epididymal, visceral, and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and the development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose-dependent manner. Serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced by levan supplementation. Serum total cholesterol level was reduced, whereas the HDL cholesterol level was increased by dietary levan. The expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) was increased by dietary high fat, and was further induced by levan supplementation. The mRNA level of UCP1, 2, and 3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle was upregulated in rats fed with dietary levan. In conclusion, upregulated UCP mRNA expression may contribute to suppression of development of obesity through increased energy expenditure. The present results suggest that levan supplementation to the diet is beneficial in suppressing diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.