• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the external application of paste preparation recorded in the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) and to clarify the significance of modern use of plaster therapy. Methods: Of many paste preparations, records of All-applying ointment (萬應膏), One-great ointment (太一膏), Pain-relieving plaster (救苦膏), and Pus-promoting powder (促膿膏) were especially examined from the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty. Other medical records regarding how these preparations were passed onto later generations were also studied. Results: According to the records from the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty, paste preparations were mainly used to cure abscess and sore, partly to treat pain diseases. From other medical documents, it could be found that these preparations were continuously used in subsequent eras. Conclusions: From these records, the level and features of Chosun Dynasty medicine could be speculated. It is necessary to find and restore effective paste preparations in Traditional Korean Medicine to use for treating disease today. Therefore, records from the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty are important and meaningful materials.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2005

The function of image in visual communication is increasing by development of information. It pursuits not only direct and concrete reappearance of information but also infinite possibility of image expression by image. It is also course of future image communication. Therefore, in this paper, if the images which pour out of rapid present society are communication means, it is formed to a point of view that improvement in function of communication will be performed excellently to interaction among consumers by recognizing meaning action process of methods of visual sign about user information processing which perceive Image of visual information.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm which cognize hand pose in real time using only image. Hand recognizes using edge orientation histogram which comes under a constant quantity of 2D appearance because hand pose is intricate. This method suit hand pose recognition in real time because it extracts hand space accurately, has little computation quantify, and is less sensitive to lighting change using color information in complicated background. Method which reduces recognition error using principal component analysis method to can recognize through hand shape presentation direction change is explained. A case that hand shape changes by turning 3D also by using this method is possible to recognize. Besides, principal component space creation time is reduced remarkably because edge directional data is used.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on insomnia and nocturia in the elderly. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data collection was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 2013. Subjects were set for totally 36 people with 18 people in the experimental group and 18 people in the control group among the elderly over the age of 60 in silver town, welfare center, and senior citizen center where are located in Seoul area. For the experimental group, auricular acupressure therapy was applied two times during 5 days by fixing it to auricular reaction site with tape using Sinapis alba L. seeds. With SPSS/WIN 19.0 program, the collected data were analyzed. Results: Compared to the control group, the sleeping score and sleeping satisfaction were improved and nocturia frequency was lowered in the experimental group who applied auricular acupressure therapy. Conclusion: Auricular acupressure therapy was considered to be likely useful therapeutic method for the effects of relieving nocturia and insomnia in elderly.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2014

To give a positive effect on dispersion behavior of high performance fibers $Vectran^{(R)}$ in water with reference to wet-laid nonwoven technology, 9 kinds of sulfonate type anionic surfactants were chosen to study. After dispersion experiment, the number and the area occupied by fibers in each sample were counted and figured to calculate the index of dispersion in conjunction with quadrat analysis. Similar tendency was observed in the results of two experiments. The sample without addition of any surfactant resulted in the most aggregated dispersion behavior. As the length of alkyl group attached to sulfonate increases, the sample shows more dispersed behavior. The sample with the surfactant having the aryl group and the longer alkyl group shows the most dispersed behavior and it can be seen with the naked eye as well.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

The aim of the study was to investigate the neural substrates associated with processing anger among young males with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Eighteen individuals with AUD and 15 demographically similar non-abusers participated in the study. Participants were scanned on their brain functioning while they viewed an audio-visual film clip that was previously designed specifically to induce anger emotion, followed by anpsychological assessment. Greater brain activities were detected in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) among subjects with AUD compared to the controls during the exposure to anger-provoking stimuli. Despite the same level of subjective anger during anger induction, the greater activations both in the IFG and dACC regions may suggestthat individuals with AUD have a greater propensity to undergo cognitive control and self-regulation while experiencing anger.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2009

Biomarkers could be critical and useful tools for assessing the biological effects of smoking and detecting differences between potentially reduced exposure product (PREP) and conventional cigarettes. Smoking-related biomarkers can be classified into three categories as biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of effects, and biomarkers of potential harm. When compared with the biomarkers of effects or harm, the biomarkers of exposure for chemical constituents of cigarette smoke are well established and characterized. In addition, they could offer the important information in understanding how cigarette smoke interacts with biological molecules and causes the disease to human. Therefore, we provide an overview of 6 biomarkers of exposure (Nicotine and nicotine metabolites, Carboxyhaemoglobin, NNAL (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) and NNAL - glucuronide, 3-Hydroxypropyl-mercapturic acid, and Monohydroxy-butenyl-mercapturic acids, and Urine mutagenicity) which were validated through extensive research and clinical experience. These reliable biomarkers could help identify the efficacy of PREP by predicting early toxicological effects and lead to improve it.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea. Methods: We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers' costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death. Results: In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively. Conclusions: We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.245-250
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• 2006

This study was focused on the use of cationic PAM (Polyacrylamide) as a surface sizing additive to improve the surface sizing properties of paper. Effects of the ionic property, viscosity and charge density of PAM on bending stiffness of surface sized papers were investigated. Use of cationic PAM as a surface sizing additive improved bending stiffness while addition of anionic PAM did not show any effect. Increase of starch holdout with the addition of cationic PAM was attributed as a prime reason of stiffness increase. Viscosity of PAM was one of the most important factors affecting surface sizing due to its influence on the interaction between cationic PAM and oxidized starch solution. Greater improvement of bending stiffness of paper was obtained when high charged PAM was used as an additive. The order of addition was found to have significant influence on the effect of additives since it influences the formation of network structure among starch, cationic PAM, and SA (styrene acrylic acid copolymer). Investigation on the penetration of starch solution was carried out with CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy), and it was shown that the addition of cationic PAM to oxidized starch solution made starch molecules stay on the paper surface rather than penetrating into the paper structure because of the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged fibers and positively charged cationic PAM.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

An oxidized starch ester was prepared and used for surface sizing. Esterification of starch decreased both Brookfield viscosity and Brabender viscosity substantially even though the solids level was increased by 2% from 14% to 16%. Surface sizing with the esterified starch gave better performance in tensile strength, stiffness and compressive strength than surface sizing with oxidized starch in the laboratory. Advantages in strength improvement, however, were not obtained when it was applied in commercial papermaking process. This was attributed to the fact that the influence of starch types has been nullified by high pressure penetration that occurs in the commercial papermaking process. Drying energy consumption, however, decreased by 3.3% by substituting the low solids oxidized starch with a high solids starch ester.