• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Understanding the metapopulation structure and movement of a species are required for conserving the species. In this paper, migration patterns and connectivity of patches of a threatened butterfly, Parnassius bremeri Bremer, were postulated using the mark-release-recapture (MRR) technique in a habitat located in the mid-southern region of the Korean peninsula. A total of 194 individuals were captured (137 males and 57 females) and, of them, 93 individuals (73 males and 20 females) were recaptured during the MRR experiment. The migration analysis showed 23-150% immigration and 28-53% emigration. There were high correlations between the migrating individuals and the distance between patches, but there was no correlation between migrating individuals and patch size or between migrating individuals and the number of host plants. Consequently, the migration of butterflies occurred frequently between closer patches, while patch size and quantity of the food plant had minor effects on migration behavior. Additionally, males migrated more frequently than females. Analysis of the migration patterns of P. bremeri showed that the central patch played an important role on linking patch groups and more frequent migrations were monitored between nearby patches than between the remote patches. This study suggested that active migrations take place between the neighboring multiple patches and these are accelerated if there is a stepping-stone patch between them.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 2011

Makgeolli is Korean traditional alcoholic beverage that has historically been brewed. In this study, we analyzed the profile of organic acids in makgeolli and also evaluated its physiological characteristics. Makgeolli contained excess lactic acid, which is produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Anti-obesity effects of makgeolli were investigated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Compared to the negative control, makgeolli inhibited the differentiation of preadipocyte as quantified by Oil red O dye. In particular, $100{\mu}g/mL$ makgeolli reduced 40 to 70% of differentiation. To evaluate the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of makgeolli, we performed chorioallantoic membrane assay and measured nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Most makgeolli interrupted the formation of neo-vasculature and significantly inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that commercial makgeolli has inhibitory activities against adipogenesis, neo-vascularization, and inflammation, and also they are influenced by second metabolites from nuruk microflora containing fungi and LAB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2011

폴리프로필렌(PP)은 고결정성 범용수지로서 염색성, 내열성, 촉감 등의 문제로 의류용 소재로는 부적합하여 초기에는 카펫용 섬유로서 가염형 폴리프로필렌 섬유가 상업화 되었지만 성공하지는 못하였다. 그 후, 섬유 산업도 의류용 외의 산업자재, 생활 자재 분야 등이 성장함에 따라, 폴리프로필렌 섬유의 수요가 확대되었다. 최근들어 스포츠 액티브 의류가 일반의류 트렌드로 들어오면서 기능성 섬유가 요구되고 이 분위기에 맞춰 다시 한번 폴리프로필렌 섬유의 의류화가 요구되는 시점이 되었으며 섬유중 에너지 소비량이 가장 적고, 쉽게 재용해할 수 있으며 소각시 유해 가스발생량이 매우 적은 특징등이 있기 때문에 지구 환경보호의 입장에서 폴리프로필렌 섬유가 재검토되고 있다. 이번 실험은 분산염료를 이용하여 농도별, 온도별, 시간별, 후처리시 시간과 온도의 변화로 가염 PP/PET 섬유의 염색특성을 알아보기 위해 실험 진행하였다. 실험에 사용되는 시약은 1급으로, $CH_3COOH$, NaOH, $Na_2S_2O_4$이며, 조제는 분산제, 정련제를 사용하였다. 먼저 온도별 실험에서 $40^{\circ}C$에서 승온하여 각각 $100^{\circ}C$, $110^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$에서 온도에 따라 염색되는 정도를 알아보았다. 가장 높은 흡진을 보이는 온도에서 각각 40min, 50min, 60min, 70min 염색 유지시간 실험을 하여 염색이 안정되는 시간을 측정하였다. 위의 실험 결과 최적의 조건으로 염색농도에 따른 Build up 실험을 진행하였다. 가염 PP/PET 섬유는 일반 Polyester처럼 $120{\sim}130^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 염색농도 값(K/S)을 보인다. 또한 $130^{\circ}C$에서의 유지시간에서는 50 min 이상 진행시 더 이상의 흡진이 없거나, 염료의 탈락이 있음을 알수 있다. Build up 실험에서는 8.0%까지 실험하였지만, 결과는 그 이상농도를 사용하여도 염색은 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 후처리에 대한 실험에서 염료에 따라 차이가 있지만 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 보이며, 제품성 평가 결과를 보면 후처리를 했을 경우 견뢰도가 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.295-299
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• 2008

Objectives : The Korean government in January 2006 instigated an exemption policy for hospitalized children under the age of six years old. This study examines how this policy affected the utilization of medical care in Korea. Methods : A total of 1,513,797 claim records from the Health Insurance Review Agency were analyzed by complete enumeration methods. The changes of medical utilization were compared from 2005 to 2006. In addition, the changes of medical utilization between 2004 and 2005 were compared as a pseudo-control group. Results : The admission rate increased 1.14-fold from 15.20% in 2004 to 17.32% in 2005, and this further increased 1.08-fold to 18.65% in 2006. The increase of patients with a common cold (1.2-fold) was higher than that of both the general patients (1.08-fold) and the patients, with the top 10 fatal diseases (0.91-fold). The average length of stay per case for clinics showed the highest increase rates (1.06-fold). The rates of patients with the common cold showed a higher increase (1.05-fold) than that of the general patients. The average medical expense per case was increased by 1.10-fold from 2005 to 2006, which was higher than that from 2004 to 2005 (1.04-fold). The increase rate for patients with the common cold was higher at 1.18-fold than that of the general patients. Conclusions : The cost exemption policy has especially led to an increase in the utilization of clinics and the utilization by patients with a common cold.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

Three hundred sixty-eight samples of domestic PVC food packaging were analyzed fir DEHP(di-(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate) used in plasticizer by GC/FID and GC/MSD. The number of samples collected were 47(2000), 143(2001), 88(2002) and 89(2004) from local markets in Gyeonggi-Do. In $2000\∼2001$, DEHP was highly detected in 86 out of 190 samples and the level of DEHP were ranged from 1.3 g/kg to 82.8 g/kg. In 2002, meanwhile, DEHP was detected in 8 out ot 88 samples and the level of DEHP were shown to from 1.3 g/kg to 51.5 g/kg. In 2004, DEHP was detected in only one out of 89 samples and the amount was 30.5 g/kg. As a result of this study, it was made clear that the detection rates of DEHP in PVC food packaging were rapidly decrease every year.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.281-299
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• 2007

IS/IT 분야 실무자가 지니고 있어야 한다고 생각되는 지식과 전문 기술들을 '지식/능력 영역'과 '소프트웨어 전문 기술 영역'으로 구분하여 각각 세부 항목을 명세하였다. 그리고 분류된 두 영역에 대하여 IS/IT 분야 실무자가 생각하는 필요한 지식 및 전문 기술들의 중요도와 IS/IT 전공 교수가 생각하는 IS/IT 실무자에게 필요한 지식 및 전문 기술들의 중요도를 조사하여 두 그룹간의 인식차 비교를 시도하였다. 조사지역은 실무자는 충청지역 및 수도권 지역에 분포하는 SI 업체를 대상으로 이루어 졌다. IS/IT 실무자를 대상으로 한 조사는 실무자 본인의 일장에서 IS/IT 실무자가 갖추어야 된다고 판단되는 지식 및 전문 기술들의 중요도를 측정하였다. 그와 더불어 그들이 수행하는 IS 활동에 대하여 투자한 시간을 기준으로 군집분석을 실시하여 세가지 그룹으로 구분하여 실무자 전체와 세 그룹간의 비교가 가능하도록 조차되었다. 비교 결과, 지식/능력 영역에서는 IS 실무자들이 상대적으로 '하드웨어에 대한 지식', '특정 조직', '운영체제에 대한 지식'에 대해 더 높은 중요도를 부여하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 소프트웨어 전문 기술 영역에서는 실무자보다 전공교수가 생각하는 중요도가 보편적으로 더 높게 나타났다. 전공 교수는 '프리젠테이션 도구', '객체지향 언어(C++, Java 등)'에 4점 대의 높은 점수를 주어 중요한 것이 무엇인가 하는 인지가 있는 것으로 보이나 실무자 그룹에서는 특별히 중요시 여기는 항목이 명확히 드러나지 않고 보편적인 값이 median 값 주변에 위치하고 있다. 이는 현재 실무자들이 빠르게 변화하고 있는 IS/IT 환경에서 본인의 경력경로 (career path)을 위해 무엇이 중요한 갓인지 아직 명확히 하고 있지 못하는 것으로도 해석이 가능하다. 자세한 비교/분석 및 해석은 현재 진행 중이며, 여러 흥미로운 해석이 가능할 것으로 기대 된다.합형 파괴가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로, 상아질 접착제의 접착단계/과정이 결합내구성에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 접착과정의 단순화가 반드시 접착에 효과적이라고 할 수 없다.는 저작 운동 잔에는 2군에서 Heliomolar가 Pyramid보다 변연적합도가 우수하였고 (p < 0.05) 그 외의 군에서는 유의차가 없었으며, 저작 운동 후에는 모든 군에서 재료간 유의차가 없었다. 각 부위별 변연적합도를 비교하면, 저작 운동 전 Pyramid에서는 교합면 변연에서는 4군이 2군에 비해 높은 변연적합도를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군 간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Heliomolar에서는 교합면 변연에서 2, 4군이 1군에 비해 높은 변연적합도를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 저작 운동 후 Pyramid에서는 교합면 변연에서는 3군이 1, 2군에 비해 높은 변연적합도를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Heliomolar에서는 교합면에서 2, 3, 4군이 1군에 비해 변연적합도가 높았으며 (p < 0.05), 인접면과 치은면에서는 군간 유의차를 보이지 않았다 이번 연구를 통하여 복합레진을 간헐적 광중합시킴으로써 변연적합도가 향상될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.시장에 비해 주가가 비교적 안정적인 수준을 유지해 왔다고 볼 수 있다.36.4%)와 외식을 선호(29.1%)${\lrcorner}$ 하기 때문에 패스트푸드를 이용하게 된 것으로 응답 하였으며, 남 여 대학생간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)가 인정되었다. 응답자의 체형은 ${\ulcorner}$적당하다${\lrcorner}$고 응답한 경우가 가장 많이 이러한 음식을 즐겨 먹었으며(49.5%), 그 다음은 뚱뚱한 경우도 비교적 많이 먹고

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1292-1299
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• 2014

Weather radar systems can provide weather information of the ground, sea, and air in extensive spatial coverage in near real time. However, it becomes problematic when ground clutter signal exists around precipitation because strong signals of ground can cause a false precipitation report. A large percentage of land coverage of Korea consists of mountainous regions where ground clutter needs to be mitigated for more accurate prediction. Thus, it is considered necessary to introduce a new suitable ground clutter removal technique specifically adequate for Korea. In this paper, the C-Map(Clutter Map) method using raw radar signals is proposed for removing ground clutter using a terrain-adaptive clutter map. A clutter map is generated using raw radar signals(I/Q) of clear days, then it is subtracted from received radar signals in frequency domain. The proposed method is applied to the radar data acquired from Sobaeksan rain radar and the result shows that the clutter rejection ratio is about 91.17 %.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

Target herbal ingredient (THI) is an extract made from two herbs, Scutellariae Radix and Platycodi Radix. It has been developed as a treatment for metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. One component of these two herbs has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity activities. However, there have been no reports about the effects of the mixed extract of these two herbs on metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the metabolic effects of THI using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. High-fat diet (HFD) mice were orally administered daily with 250 mg/kg of THI. After 10 weeks of treatment, the THI-administered HFD mice showed reduction of body weights and epididymal white adipose tissue weights as well as improved glucose tolerance. In addition, the level of total cholesterol in the serum was markedly reduced. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the metabolic effects of THI in vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with THI, after which the mRNA levels of adipogenic transcription factors, including C/$EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$, were measured. The results show that the expression of these two transcription factors was down regulated by THI in a dose-dependent manner. We also examined the combinatorial effects of THI and swimming exercise on metabolic status. THI administration simultaneously accompanied by swimming exercise had a synergistic effect on serum cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that THI could be developed as a supplement for improving metabolic status.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2013

Objective : To evaluate the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy for recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA). Methods : A multi-center retrospective trial enrolled seventy-two patients with histologically proven AO/AOA who underwent TMZ chemotherapy for their recurrent tumors from 2006 to 2010. TMZ was administered orally (150 to 200 $mg/m^2/day$) for 5 days per 28 days until unacceptable toxicity occurred or tumor progression was observed. Results : TMZ chemotherapy cycles administered was median 5.3 (range, 1-41). The objective response rate was 24% including 8 cases (11%) of complete response and another 23 patients (32%) were remained as stable disease. Severe side effects (${\geq}$grade 3) occurred only in 9 patients (13%). Progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients was a median 8.0 months (95% confidence interval, 6.0-10.0). The time to recurrence of a year or after was a favorable prognostic factor for PFS (p<0.05). Overall survival (OS) was apparently differed by the patient's histology, as AOA patients survived a median OS of 18.0 months while AO patients did not reach median OS at median follow-up of 11.5 months (range 2.7-65 months). Good performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 and 1 showed prolonged OS (p<0.01). Conclusion : For recurrent AO/AOA after surgery followed by radiation therapy, TMZ could be recommended as a salvage therapy at the estimated efficacy equal to procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy at first relapse. For patients previously treated with PCV, TMZ is a favorable therapeutic option as 2nd line salvage chemotherapy with an acceptable toxicity rate.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2013

This study was performed to compare the dietary food and nutrient intakes according to supplement use in pregnant and lactating women in Seoul. The subjects were composed of 201 pregnant and 104 lactating women, and their dietary food intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. General information on demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as health-related behaviors, including the use of dietary supplements, were collected. About 88% and 60% of the pregnant and lactating women took dietary supplements, respectively. The proportion of dietary supplements used was higher in pregnant women with a higher level of education. After adjusting for potential confounders, among the pregnant women, supplement users were found to consume 45% more vegetables, and those among the lactating women were found to consume 96% more beans and 58% more vegetables. The intakes of dietary fiber and ${\beta}$-carotene among supplement users were higher than those of non-users, by 23% and 39%, respectively. Among pregnant women, the proportion of women with an intake of vitamin C (from diet alone) below the estimated average requirements (EAR) was lower among supplement users [users (44%) vs. non-users (68%)], and the proportion of lactating women with intakes of iron (from diet alone) below the EAR was lower among supplement users [usesr (17%) vs. non-users (38%)]. These results suggest that among pregnant and lactating women, those who do not use dietary supplements tend to have a lower intake of healthy foods, such as beans and vegetables, as well as a lower intake of dietary fiber and ${\beta}$-carotene, which are abundant in these foods, and non-users are more likely than users to have inadequate intake of micro-nutrient such as vitamin C and iron.