• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2012

Graphene has recently received high attention as a promising material for various applications, and many related studies have been undertaken to reveal its basic mechanical properties. However, the tribological properties of graphene film fabricated by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method are barely known. In this study, the contact angle and frictional wear characteristics of graphene coated copper film were investigated under room temperature, normal air pressure, and no lubrication condition. The contact angle was measured by sessile drop method and the wear test was carried out under normal loads of 660 mN and 2940 mN, respectively. The tribological behaviors of a graphene coating layer were also examined. Compared to heat treated bare copper foil, the graphene coated one shows a higher contact angle and lower friction coefficient.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.43
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• pp.268.1-268.11
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• 2018

Background: We aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of prolonged macrolide (PMC), corticosteroids (CST), doxycycline (DXC), and levofloxacin (LFX) against macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia in children and to evaluate the safety of the secondary treatment agents. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with MP pneumonia hospitalized between January 2015 and April 2017. Macrolide-unresponsiveness was clinically defined with a persistent fever of ${\geq}38.0^{\circ}C$ at ${\geq}72$ hours after macrolide treatment. The cases were divided into four groups: PMC, CST, DXC, and LFX. We compared the time to defervescence (TTD) after secondary treatment and the TTD after initial macrolide treatment in each group with adjustment using propensity score-matching analysis. Results: Among 1,165 cases of MP pneumonia, 190 (16.3%) were unresponsive to macrolides. The proportion of patients who achieved defervescence within 48 hours in CST, DXC, and LFX groups were 96.9% (31/33), 85.7% (12/14), and 83.3% (5/6), respectively. The TTD after initial macrolide treatment did not differ between PMC and CST groups (5.1 vs. 4.2 days, P = 0.085), PMC and DXC groups (4.9 vs. 5.7 days, P = 0.453), and PMC and LFX groups (4.4 vs. 5.0 days, P = 0.283). No side effects were observed in the CST, DXC, and LFX groups. Conclusion: The change to secondary treatment did not show better efficacy compared to PMC in children with macrolide-unresponsive MP pneumonia. Further studies are needed to guide appropriate treatment in children with MP pneumonia.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2019

Purpose: Insistence that total regression of primary tumor would not represent long-term oncologic outcomes has been raised. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of these patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) and radical surgery and to evaluate the associated risk factors. Methods: We included 189 patients with rectal cancer who showed total regression of the primary tumor after PCRT, followed by radical resection, between 2001 and 2012. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the results were compared with 77 patients with Tis rectal cancer who received only radical resection. Factors associated with RFS were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Results: Sphincter-saving resection was performed for 146 patients (77.2%). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 168 patients (88.9%). During the follow-up period, recurrence occurred in 17 patients (9%). The 5-year RFS was 91.3%, which was significantly lower than that of patients with Tis rectal cancer without PCRT (P = 0.005). In univariate analysis, preoperative CEA and histologic differentiation were associated with RFS. However, no factors were found to be associated with RFS. Conclusion: RFS was lower in patients with total regression of primary rectal cancer after PCRT than in those with Tis rectal cancer without PCRT, and it would not be considered as the same entity with early rectal cancer or "disappeared tumor" status.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2011

This study was conducted with effect of lactic acid bacteria by gamma irradiation. Lactic acid bacteria were exposed to irradiation with a single absorbed dose of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 kGy. Possible lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei KCTC 13169, Lactobacillus casei KCTC 3109, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3140, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp plantarum KCTC 3103, Lactobacillus debruekii subsp bulgaricus KCTC 3635, Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 3658 were selected. The radiation sesitivities of lactic acid bacteria were expressed as $D_{10}$ values. The $D_{10}$ values of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus debruekii were calculated as 0.42, 0.51, 0.47, 0.90, 0.44, and 0.61 kGy, respectively. Results suggest that L. acidiphilus has the highly resistant to gamma irradiation.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate photosynthetic characteristics of two-year-old of Adenophora triphylla var. japonicum grown under control (full sunlight) and three different shading treatment (25, 50, and 75% shading treatment). Total chlorophyll contents like chlorophyll a and b content had not significant difference among treatments. Net photosynthetic rate of control and 25% treatment were higher than 50% and 75% treatment. Seedlings grown under full sunlight showed the highest photosynthetic activity such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration except for water use efficiency which was relative higher under 50% and 75% treatment.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.552-555
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• 2018

Vitiligo is a commonly acquired cutaneous depigmentation disorder that affects 0.5~1% of the population worldwide. While phototherapy is the primary treatment for vitiligo, surgical methods can be used for treating patients who are refractory to conventional treatments. Herein, we present the case of a 14-year-old Korean girl who developed vitiligo after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She had multiple depigmented patches on her lower legs that did not respond to narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy for 7 months. The depigmented patches were successfully treated by transplantation of non-cultured epidermal cell suspension from the epidermal roof of the suction blister in the right inner thigh. No adverse event, such as secondary infection or scarring in both the donor and recipient sites, was noted. We recommended that non-cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation using the suction blister method would be a safe and effective option for the treatment of refractory vitiligo.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.474-486
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the emission characteristics of aldehydes emitted by the printing industry and to evaluate their impact on adjacent residential areas. Methods: Aldehydes and THC were measured from the front of the control device in the printing and coating process. Aldehydes and ketones were measured by workplace area, residential area, and background area to evaluate their impact. Results: The concentrations of formaldehyde (<0.047 ppm) and acetaldehyde (<0.068 ppm) in the printing and coating process were relatively low, and the methyl ethyl ketone used as the primary solvent was the main carbonyl compound in the printing process. The daily mean concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were not significantly different by workplace area, residential area, or background area. However, the concentration of methyl ethyl ketone was high in the order of workplace area, residential area, and background area. Conclusions: The concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the adjacent residential areas are considered to be more influenced by secondary sources of photochemical reactions than by primary sources. Methyl ethyl ketone is considered to be highly influenced by the primary source, which is printing facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2017

A great deal of study for loss reduction of photovoltaic system is conducted currently. It is hard to distinct the fault of photovoltaic system with the naked eye. For that reason, it is essential to repair and maintain the PV system by monitoring the system. The fault of individual modules can cause the huge loss of the entire system because of the mismatch. Therefore, the method of diagnosing the PV array is necessary by measuring the multi-channel arrays simultaneously. In this paper, it is presented the method of measuring I-V curve of multi-channel arrays simultaneously by using the charge and discharge characteristics of capacitor. Generated DC power at PV arrays is charged and discharged at the capacitors in a moment. By measuring the charged voltage and current, it is possible to diagnose of performance of PV arrays.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2017

Objectives: This study has been conducted on public health purposes for people with Menopausal disorders in rural areas. Methods: From February, 2017 to June, 2017, we performed the Korean Medicine in the "Menopausal Disorder Overcoming Program" conducted by the department of Health service, Imsil-Gun bogun Hospital. Menopausal women who participated were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, Jaeumganghwa-tang for 20 weeks. Of the 34 patients, 16 patients were excluded due to absence of treatment at least once. And 18 treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results: The KI results showed that the average score decreased in 7 out of 11 questions after treatment. The results of BDI, the mean scores of the 17 questions except the 4 questions of the 21 questions after the treatment decreased. 12, 16, and BDI total score were statistically significantly reduced before and after treatment. Conclusions: The results of the Korean Medicine treatment seemed to be effective in alleviating facial flushing, insomnia, depressive symptoms and other symptoms in menopausal disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 2015

Objectives : Microneedle therapy and Subcision are commonly used for therapeutic modalities of acne scars in Korean medicine. Beevenom could promote the expression of various cytokines, enzymes and receptors related to increasing collagen content of connective tissues. Through this mechanism, we considered that Beevenom pharmacopuncture therapy is applicable to the treatment of acne scars. We investigated twenty-seven patients with acne scars treated by Microneedle therapy and Subcision combined with Beevenom pharmacopuncture therapy and evaluated the clinical effect.Methods : Twenty-seven patients with acne scars were treated by Microneedle therapy and Subcision combined with Beevenom pharmacopuncture therapy and evaluated the clinical effect. for twelve weeks. The severity of acne scars and treatment effect were evaluate by standardized photography, GASC, ECCA scale and patient`s satisfaction. And side effects was also checked.Results : After twelve weeks for treatment, there was an improvement in GASC, ECCA scale. 77.8% of patient replied excellent or good on patient satisfaction survey. One patient sufferied from pruritus, papules and comedones as side effect of treatment.Conclusion : It can be considered that Microneedle, Subcision, Beevenom pharmacopuncture combining therapy are effective method for treating acne scars.