• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.408-412
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• 1997

The cytogenetic analysis of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus belongs to Family Tetraodontidae, was performed. The chromosome number of T. obscurus was 44 and the fundamental number was 64. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes were not found. The mean cellular size and nuclear size were $11.01\times7.95{\mu}m$ and $4.05\times3.15{\mu}m$, respectively. The mean surface area and volume in cell and nucleus were $68.76{\mu}m^2\;and\;366.00{\mu}m^3,\;10.06{\mu}m^2\;and\;21.36{\mu}m^3$, respectively. The number of erythrocyte of both female and male was $12\~13\times10^5/m\ell$. Gill tissues from diploid individuals had cells with one or two nucleoli. These cytogenetic studies should be used for cytotaxonomy and as a valuable estimation of polyploidy to come in T. obscurus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2002

Seasonal variations of species composition and density of caprellids was accomplished in eelgrass beds around Daedo Island, a south coast of Korea. Sampling was performed monthly using an epifaunal sampler at two stations from June 1996 to May 1997, Caprellids were comprised of 6 species belong to a family Caprellidae, Mean density was 402 ind./$m^2$. The numerically-dominant species were Caprella tsugarensis (216 ind./$m^2$) and C. kroeyeri (129 ind./$m^2$). High density was occurred in the early summer, and lows in autumn and winter. The density of caprellids was correlated with the biomass of the eelgrass. Predation pressure by fish was also correlated with the density of caprellids in spring.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2011

Novel whitening agents were prepared using peptide-Natural origin compound derivatives. The peptide could be an antagonist of MC1R and Natural origin compound were well-known material as a Tyrosinase inhibitor. We also suggest the new assay method which could evaluate the Antagonistic effectiveness to MC1R using cAMP signaling pathway. 24 candidates were synthesized and 11 peptide derivatives were selected by cAMP assay method. To evaluate cAMP assay, the selected peptide derivatives were assayed to evaluate their melanogensis inhibitory activity. At this work, we could know that the sequences which include -RW- have a melanogensis inhibitory activity, and cAMP assy could use as a evaluating method of MC1R antagonist. But, to evaluate the whitening activity of some material, cross-checking with melanin inhibitory assay method was recommended.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Background: A number of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases share impaired cognition as a common symptom. Therefore, the development of clinically applicable therapies to enhance cognition has yielded significant interest. Previously, we have shown that activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) via gintonin application potentiates synaptic transmission by the blockade of $K^+$ channels in the mature hippocampus. However, whether gintonin may exert any beneficial impact directly on cognition at the neural circuitry level and the behavioral level has not been investigated. Methods: In the current study, we took advantage of gintonin, a novel LPAR agonist, to investigate the effect of gintonin-mediated LPAR activation on cognitive performances. Hippocampus-dependent fear memory test, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal brain slices, and quantitative analysis on synaptic plasticity-related proteins were used. Results: Daily oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk significantly improved fear memory retention in the contextual fear-conditioning test in mice.We also found that oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk increased the expression of learning and memory-related proteins such as phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, prolonged gintonin administration enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the systemic gintonin administration could successfully improve contextual memory formation at the molecular and synaptic levels as well as the behavioral level. Therefore, oral administration of gintonin may serve as an effective noninvasive, nonsurgical method of enhancing cognitive functions.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey of the subjective health status of the elderly farmer. Background: With increase of aged population, the health of the elderly farmer has become main concerns of the elderly in the rural community. For the effects of the factors related to quality of life, subjective health condition showed the largest influence. Method: The survey was conducted by 326 elderly farmers aged 50 and older in rural areas through structured questionnaires. Survey questionnaire consisted items of general characteristics, health-related life habits, levels of stress(SF-PWI), symptom of musculoskeletal diseases and general level of health(SF-36). For the data analysis, SPSS 19.0K was used, and analysis was conducted by using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. For the symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and comparison of average level of health, chi-square test and t-test were used. Results: The results of the study are as follows. It was shown that the symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders had a significant difference in gender (p<0.01). Frequency analysis on presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in each part of body showed that leg/knee region was 28.1%, back region was 26.6%, shoulder region was 18.0%, arm/elbow region was 11.9%, hand/wrist region was 8.2% and neck region was 7.2%. According to comparison of average level of health, a social functioning were the highest as score 87.3, followed by mental health(65.6) and role limitation-emotional(65.5). Conclusion: Health promotion program for the elderly and female in the rural are needed. Application: The survey of the subjective health status of the elderly should be used for planning factors to make a health improvement plan in elderly farmer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2006

Objectives : Human chondrocytes co-treated with Buthus martensi Karsch herbal acupuncture solution(BMK-HAS) extract produced significantly less NO compared with chondrocytes stimulated with $IL-1{\beta}$ alone Methods : Activation and translocation of and NF-kB DNA binding activity were determined by Western blotting and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The inhibition of NO production correlated with the suppression of induction and expression of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and activation protein-1 (AP-1)-dependent gene. BMK-HAS inhibited the activation and translocation of NF-kB to the nucleus, indicating that BMK-HAS inhibits the $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ production of NO in human chondrocytes by interfering with the activation of NF-kB through a novel mechanism. In addition, BMK-HAS reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, whereas no influence on the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) or cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) was observed. My data, therefore, suggest that BMK-HAS may be a therapeutically effective inhibitor of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ inflammatory effects that are dependent on NF-kB activation in human OA chondrocytes. Conclusion : The results indicate that BMK-HAS exerts anti-inflammatory effects related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions and of NO and PGE2 production, which could be due to a decreased expression of iNOS and COX-2 through the transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.207-218
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• 2006

목적 : 심박수 변이도(Heart Rate Variability. HRV)를 통해 사암침법 치료법 중 심신 질환에 많이 적용되는 심정격 자침법과 자율신경계와의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 2006년 5월 1일부터 2006년 6월 31일까지 2개월간 특별한 과거력이 없는 건강인을 대상으로 실험군 37명을 사암침법 심정격을 자침하고 시술 전후에 HRV를 측정하여 별무처치 상태로 안정을 취한 후 측정한 대조군 21명과 비교하였다. 결과로 얻은 MHRT, SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio 등의 수치 변화를 비교해 기록 시간 동안의 평균 심박수, 외부 스트레스에 대한 심박동의 변화상태, 심장에 관여하는 자율신경 중 부교감신경의 활동, 교감신경과 부교감신경의 균형 상태 등을 분석하였다. 결과 1. MHRT는 실험군에서 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. SDNN는 실험군 대조군 모두 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 3. RMSSD은 실험군 대조군 모두 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 4. TP는 실험군 대조군 모두 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5. LF, HF은 실험군 대조군 모두 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 6. LF/HF ratio는 실험군에서 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 부교감신경과 교감신경의 비교 지표로 다용되는 LF/HF ratio가 유의한 차이를 보여 심정격 자침이 자율신경계의 항진을 완화시키는 것으로 사료된다. 향후 환자의 병인과 상태에 따라 실증과 허증으로 구분하여 시술하는 등의 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.563-570
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• 2013

Poly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi) was bulk polymerized to make poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microfibrils to apply for polymeric embolization coils replacing metalic coils. Then, syndiotactic PVA (s-PVA) microfibrils having number-average degree of polymerization of 1100 and s-diad content of 60.4% were prepared via saponification of the PVPi with no separate spinning process. To make s-PVA microfibrils with radiopacity, zirconium dioxide ($ZrO_2$) and barium sulfate ($BaSO_4$) were added into s-PVA microfibrils during saponification. The computed tomography (CT) value indicating radiopacity reached up to over 1000 when the amount of $ZrO_2$ and $BaSO_4$ were 12 and 6 wt%, respectively.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits and nutrient intakes of college students in Gyeonggi-do area. Survey questionnaire and daily intake using 24-hour recall method were recorded by 351 college students (172 males, 179 females) . Nutrient intakes were calculated using Can-pro 2.0, from which $\%$RDA (Recommended dietary allowances), NAR (Nutrient adequacy ratio), MAR (Mean nutrient adequacy ratio), and ND (Nutrient density) were calculated to evaluate the quality of diets. Subjects answered 9 questions on dietary habits and these answers were calculated as 0, 0.5, and 1 point by frequency. Dietary habit was 39.57 $\pm$ 21.82 in male students and 42.12 $\pm$ 20.78 in female students out of total score of 100, showing higher score in female students. In the survey of dietary habits, the ratio of skipping breakfast 6 - 7 days a week in total subjects was $32.9\%$, showing a rather higher ratio of skipping breakfast, and the interest for balanced diet was as low as $13.2\%$ in total subjects. The importance of meals in total subjects was observed in the order of dinner ($47.6\%$), lunch ($40.2\%$), and breakfast($12.3\%$). In NAR of total subjects, nutrients with a score lower than 0.70 were calcium (0.64 $\pm$ 0.26), vitamin $B_2$ (0.66 $\pm$ 0.25), and vitamin C (0.69 $\pm$ 0.29) in ND of them, calcium (0.85 $\pm$ 0.43), zinc (0.89 $\pm$ 0.18), vitamin $B_2$(0.87 $\pm$ 0.34), and folic acid (0.91 $\pm$ 0.96) were nutrients with lower values. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes by the level of dietary habits, better scores of both NAR and ND were observed as the level of dietary habits was higher. There was a great difference in nutrient intakes in terms of $\%$RDA, suggesting the risk of nutritional imbalance. Based on the above results, it is considered that the improvement in dietary habits will contribute to the improvement of nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.302-309
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• 2020

This paper is a basic study for applying the dried recycled sludge of waste sludge generated in construction waste intermediate treatment facility and the crushed recycled glass aggregate of waste glass bottles that cannot be recycled to the recycled cold asphalt mixtures. This paper reviewed the characteristics of recycled cold asphalt mixtures using recycled sludge and recycled glass aggregate. As a result, as contents of recycled sludge and recycled glass aggregate increased, the Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and tensile strength ratio of the recycled cold asphalt mixtures decreased, but flow and void ratio of that increased.