• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1987

고온 혐기성 Clostridium thermocellum의 배양액으로부터 새로운 endo-$\beta$-1, 4-glucanase를 ion exchange chromatography와 gel filtration chromatongraphy를 통하여 정제하였다. 정제된 효소의 비활성은 56배 증가하였으나 수율은 0.7%로서 매우 낮았다. SDS-PAGE, 결과, 정제된 효소는 분자량이 각각 38,000과 58,000으로 된 두 개의 subunit로 구성되어 있었다. 이 효소의 반응 최적 pH는 5.0 최적온도는 $65^{\circ}C$였으며 $70^{\circ}C$까지는 열에 안정하였으나 $80^{\circ}C$에서 거의 실활되었다. 기타 여러 가지 효소학적인 성질을 조사하였으며, 분리된 효소는 결정형 섬유소에 대한 효소활성을 나타내지 않았다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2012

A ${\beta}$-glucosidase from Penicillium italicum was purified with a specific activity of 61.8 U/mg, using a chromatography system. The native form of the enzyme was an 88.5-kDa tetramer with a molecular mass of 354 kDa. Optimum activity was observed at pH 4.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, and the half-lives were 1,737, 330, 34, and 1 hr at 50, 55, 60, and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Its activity was inhibited by 47% by 5 mM $Ni^{2+}$. The enzyme exhibited hydrolytic activity for p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-Glu), p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-cellobioside, p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-xyloside, and cellobiose, however, no activity was observed for p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-lactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside, carboxymetyl cellulose, xylan, and cellulose, indicating that the enzyme was a ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The $k_{cat}/K_m\;(s^{-1}mM^{-1})$ values for pNP-Glu and cellobiose were 15,770.4 mM and 6,361.4 mM, respectively. These values were the highest reported for ${\beta}$-glucosidases. Non-competitive inhibition of the enzyme by both glucose ($K_i=8.9mM$) and glucono-${\delta}$-lactone ($K_i=11.3mM$) was observed when pNP-Glu was used as the substrate. This is the first report of non-competitive inhibition of ${\beta}$-glucosidase by glucose and glucono-${\delta}$-lactone.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

Fast kinetics of transient pH changes and difference spectrum formation have been investigated following mixing of ADP/ATP with partially purified plasma membrane PM-ATPase of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in the presence of five nutrients: glucose, glutamic acid, proline, lysine, and arginine and two analogs of glucose: 2-deoxy D-glucose and xylose. Average $H^+$- absorption to release ratio, indicative of population of ATPase undergoing complete hydrolytic cycle, was found to be 0.27 for control. This ratio varied between 0.25 (proline) to 0.36 (arginine) for all other compounds tested, except for glucose. In the presence of glucose, $H^+$- absorption to release ratio was exceptionally high (0.92). While no UV difference spectrum was observed with ADP, mixing of ATP with ATPase led to a large conformational change. Exposure to different nutrients restricted the magnitude of the conformational change; the analogs of glucose were found to be ineffective. This suppression was maximal in the case of glucose (80%); with other nutrients, the magnitude of suppression ranged from 40-50%. Rate of $H^+$- absorption, which is indicative of E~P complex dissociation, showed positive correlation with suppression of conformational change only in the case of glucose and no other nutrient/analog. Mode of interaction of glucose with plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase thus appears to be strikingly distinct compared to that of other nutrients/analogs tested. The results obtained lead us to propose a model for explaining glucose stimulation of plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

$\beta$-Glucuronidases (E.C. 3.2.1.31) from Escherichia coli, Helix pomatia, and bovine liver activity have been investigated on 7-O-glucuronides (baicalin, wogonoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) and 3-O-glucuronides (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide). Bovine liver enzyme was not active on any of these substrates. E. coli and H. pomatia enzymes were active on 7-O-glucuronides, however, 3-O-glucuronides were resistant to $\beta$-glucuronidase hydrolysis. These results suggest that glucuronic acid at 7-position is more susceptible to E. coli and H. pomatia $\beta$-glucuronidases than that at 3-position. In addition, the subtle difference of aglycone structure on 7-O-glucuronides affected the preference of enzyme. E. coli enzyme was favorable for the hydrolysis of baicalin, however, H. pomatia enzyme was found to be efficient for the hydrolysis of wogonoside. Both enzymes showed the similar hydrolytic activity towards luteolin-7-O-glucuronide. When the Scutellaria baicalensis crude extract was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, baicalin and wogonoside were successfully converted to their aglycone counterparts with H. pomatia at 50 mM sodium bicarbonate buffer pH 4.0. Accordingly, the enzymatic transformation of glycosides may be quite useful in preparing aglycones under mild conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

키토산 올리고당을 효율적으로 생산하기 위하여 고정화 효소 를 이용한 키토산의 효소적 가수분해를 시도하였다. Chitosanase는 Chitopearl계 고정화 담체에 대해서 높은 흡착율로 결합되었다. 키틴에 고정화된 효소는 비록 흡착율은 낮았지 만 그 활성은 가장 높게 나타났다. 키틴 고정화 효소는 유리 효소에 비해 약 90% 이상의 활성을 유지하였다. 고정화 효소의 최적 온도는 60°C로서 유리 효소보다 $15^{\circ}C$ 더 높았으며, 열에 대한 안정성도 유리 효소보다 넓은 온도범위에서 우수하였다 그러나 고정화 효소는 pH에 대해서는 어떠한 뚜렷한 효과도 보이지 않았다. 고정화 효소의 저장 안정성은 유리 효소보다 더 높은 저장온도인 60t에서도 더 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 키틴 고정화 효소에 의한 키토산의 가수분해반응은 반응 3시간까지 급격한 증가를 보이다 그 이후의 반응시간 경과에서도 더 이상 증가를 보이지 않았다. 고정화 효소에 의해 생성된 올리고당의 조성은 효소의 반응시간에 따라 크게 의존하였으며, 2시간의 반 응에서 비교적 고차 올라고당인 COS-4-6의 함량은 약 90% 이상이었다 두 효소에 대한 반용속도상수에서, 고정화 효소는 유리 효소에 비해 낮은 기질친화성과 낮은 반웅속도를 보였지 만, 높은 기질농도에서도 전혀 기질저해반응은 일어나지 않았다. 따라서 키틴 고정화 효소는 유리 효소에 비해 활성의 감소없이 효율적으로 키토산을 가수분해할 수 있었으며, 고차 올리고당의 생성 량도 매우 높았다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 1995

In order to enhance the utility of alaska-pollack, the optimum conditions for the preparation of pronase hydrolysate. The optimum temperature and pH for the hydrolysis of alaska-pollack by pronase were 4$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. The reaction time and enzyme concentration were 4 hr and 1,000 units per g of substrate. Under the above optimum conditions alaska-pollack was hydrolysed by pronase yielding a hydrolytic degree of about 89eye. The bitterness and hyrophobicity of pronase hydrolysate were decreased with increasing reaction time. Hydrophobic amino acids(Tyr, Met, Ala, flu, Leu, and Phe) were increased for 2 hr, but fur thor hydrolysis was showed decrease of hydrophobic amino acids content. Palatable amino acids (Asp, Glu, Pro, Ser, Thr and Gly) were increased with hydrolysis time.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2011

This study is to optimize the enzymatic processing conditions of Polylactic Acid (PLA) fiber using lipase from Porcine pancreas as an environmental technology. Hydrolytic activity dependent on pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and treatment time, and structural change of PLA fiber were evaluated. The PLA fiber hydrolysis by lipase was maximized at 50% (o.w.f) lipase concentration $50^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes under pH 8.5. There was a change of the protein absorbance in the treatment solution before and after the lipase treatment. In addition, there was no substantial change in the molecular and crystalline structures of PLA by lipase treatment as confirmed by DSC, XRD, and FT-IR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1897-1903
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• 2006

In order to investigate the functions of the C-terminal region of chitinase ChiCW of Bacillus cereus 28-9, a C-terminal truncated enzyme, ChiCW$\Delta$FC, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity for biochemical characterization. Compared with ChiCW, ChiCW$\Delta$FC exhibited higher chitinase activity at high temperature and pH, but expressed lower hydrolytic and binding activities toward insoluble substrates. In addition, kinetic properties indicated that ChiCW$\Delta$MC hydrolyzed oligomeric and polymeric substrates less efficiently than ChiCW. These results suggest that the C-terminal region of ChiCW plays important roles in substrate binding and hydrolysis of chitin. In addition, the biological meaning of C-terminal proteolytic modification of ChiCW is discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.998-1000
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• 2003

This study was carried out to elucidate the mode of bacteriostatic property of xanthostatin (XS), a novel depsipeptide antibiotic with an N-acetylglycine side chain and selective antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas spp. Two biotransformed XSs were isolated by the treatment of XS with the cell lysate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, a solvent partition, preparative TLC, and HPLC. Structure determination of those two biotransformed XSs demonstrated deletion of the N-acetylglycine side chain. Noteworthily, they showed no antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas spp. This result suggests that the N-acetylglycine side chain plays a critical role in the antimicrobial activity of XS, and that the bacteriostatic property of XS is due to susceptibility of the ester bond between the hexadepsipeptide nucleus and the N-acetylglycine side chain to hydrolytic enzyme(s) produced by Xanthomonas spp.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1997

A producer of inhibitor against ${\beta}-glucosidase$ of Penicillium sp.-L4 was screened from Actinomycetes, and the isolated strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. The inhibitor produced was very stable against heat, acidic and alkaline conditions, proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes. The inhibotor was purified from culture broth through activated carbon treatment, ultrafiltration, anion and cation exchange, activated carbon columm, acetone precipitation and preparative HPLC. It showed inhibitory activities against a variety of dissacharide hydrolyzing enzymes produced by P.sp.-L4, and the mode of inhibition was competitive. Its structure and molecular formular was elucidated by IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR and FAB/Mass spectrometry, which was identified as 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM). dNM showed inhibitory effects on the cell growth and hydrolytic enzyme action of P.sp.-L4 on agar plate and infected lemon peel.