• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2009

The construction of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) boats is decreasing trend since the application of international regulations on the control of marine environmental pollution, which recommended the use of environmentally friendly materials. The aluminum alloy used with material for ship is a superior to FRP. It is environmental friendly, easy to recycle, and provides a high added value to fishing boats. However, the welding for Al alloy materials have many problems, such as deformation by welding heat and effect of the working environment. In this paper, it was carried out welding by robot with welding material of ER5183 and ER5556 on 6061-T6 Al alloy for ship. The mechanical and electrochemical characteristics evaluated for specimen welded by robot. The cathodic polarization trend for the base metal and welding metal showed the effects of concentration polarization due to oxygen reduction and activation polarization due to hydrogen generation. The hardnesses of welding zone and heat affected zone are lower than that of base metal. At the result of tensile test, the specimen welded with ER5183 presented excellent property compared with ER5556.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2016

Space propulsion system produces required thrust for satellites and space launch vehicles by using chemical reactions of a liquid fuel and a liquid oxidizer typically. For example, monomethylhydrazine-dinitrogen tetroxide, liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen and RP-1-liquid oxygen are conventional combinations of liquid propellants used for the liquid propulsion system. Among several liquid propellants, the monomethylhydrazine is expecially preferred for a satellite fuel due to its better storability in liquid phase during a relatively long mission period under a space environment. Thus, a development importance of a bipropellant system using the monomethylhydrazine fuel is recognized recently as the national space program proceeds on a large scale. The objective of the present study is to review a foreign research trend of a thermal decomposition reaction of monomethyhydrazine to understand a fundamental basis of its chemical reaction to prepare for domestic development in future.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

Oil and gas fields were left unexploited which deemed too deep and sour. New developing markets are emerging in this part and pipe manufacturers need demanding requirements in the combination of sour service requirements with heavier wall thickness required to cope with increasing water depths. Whilst, the strength and fracture toughness needed to meet the strict requirements In order to deliver the optimum sour properties in the final pipe, attention needs to be paid to each stage throughout the process from steel making. The main key during steel making is strengthening, securing mechanical properties and suppression of center segregation by adding proper chemical elements and controlling water cooling and plate rolling. Additionally in welding, it is required to prevent HAZ softening by high heat input during welding of heavy thick pipes and hydrogen assisted cracking in high strength steels with hard phases. In this paper, we introduce markets of sour resistant linepipe steels and in response to this, have a look in the development trend of sour resistant linepipe steels and its sour characteristics in welded joints.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.242-246
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• 1987

The hydrogen abstraction reactions of $SiH_4, SiH_2Cl_2 \;and\; SiHCl_3$ by ground state chlorine atoms generated photochemically from chlorine molecules have been studied at temperatures between 15 and $100^{\circ}C.$ The absolute rates for the reactions have been obtained by a competition technique using ethane as a competitor. The rate expressions ($in cm^3/mol/s$) are found to conform to an Arrhenius rate law: $k_{SiH_4} = (7.98 {\pm} 0.42) {\times} 10^{13}$ exp $[-(1250 {\pm}20)/T].$ $k_{SiH_2Cl_2} = (2.25 {\pm} 0.12) {\times} 10^{15}$ exp[-(1010 ${\pm}$ 10)/T]. $k_{SiHCl_3} = (9.04 {\pm} 0.28) {\times} 10^{14}\; exp[-(1200 {\pm} 10)/T].$ The activation energies obtained from this study represent the same trend as with the carbon analogues, while this trend was not found with respect to the bond dissociation energies among silicon compound homologues. These anomalous behaviors were interpreted in terms of electronic effects and of the structural differences between these compounds.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Purpose: Measuring viability of a three-dimensional in vitro organotypic human oral tissue model has been suggested as an alternative test method to the oral mucosa irritation test of oral care products. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of two different cytokines using organotypic human oral tissue model following exposure to chemicals that are commonly used in oral care products. Materials and Methods: The organotypic human oral tissues were exposed to ethanol, sodium lauryl sulphate or hydrogen peroxide for 90 minutes. Following exposure, interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-8 productions were assessed and correlated with cell viability testing as well as histology of the organotypic human oral tissues. Result: High levels of IL-8 were released from organotypic human oral tissues in all of the test and control groups without any significant differences between them. In contrast, differences were found in IL-1α release between the test and control groups. Additionally, the trend of IL-1α release corresponded to the phenotypes observed in histological analysis while different trend existed between IL-1α release and cell viability. Conclusion: The study concluded the non-specific release of IL-8 for the assessment of oral care product chemicals' toxicity, while potential of measuring IL-1α cytokine level as the possible alternative test method.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2003

그동안 유기성폐수에 대해서는 다양한 연구가 시도되었지만, 유기성고형폐기물에 대해서는 보도된 바가 없다. 그러므로 본 연구는 열처리된(heat-shocked) 혐기성슬러지를 식종한 침출상(leaching-bed) 반응조에서 다양한 희석율(dilution rate; D)에 대하여 음식물쓰레기로부터의 수소생산 효율을 살펴보았다. 반응조의 성공적인 운전은 적절한 희석율의 선택에 달려있는데, 높은 희석율에서는 미생물의 유실이 발생하는 반면 낮은 희석율에서는 유기산의 축적으로 product inhibition이 발생한다. 따라서 이러한 요인들이 높은 효율의 수소생산을 제한하게 된다. 모든 반응조들은 희석율에 관계없이 다음과 같은 경향을 보여주었다. 운전 초기 3일 동안, 수소생산이 활발하였으며 유기산의 농도가 에탄올보다 높게 유지되었다. 유기산 중에는 락트산이 초기 잠깐동안 높은 값을 유지했을지라도, 전체 운전기간 내내 뷰틸산과 초산이 유기산의 주요성분이었다. 다른 희석율에 비해 희석율 $4.5d^{-1}$는 발효가 진행되는 동안 가장 높은 뷰틸산/초산 (B/A) 비율을 보여주었는데, B/A 값의 경향은 수소생산의 경향과 매우 유사하여 뷰틸산의 형성이 수소생산에 매우 호의적임을 나타내준다. 에탄올은 수소생산이 멈춘 4일째부터 크게 증가하였는데, 이것은 열처리된 슬러지가 대사흐름을 수소 및 유기산생성경로(hydrogen-and acid-producing pathway)에서 알콜 생성경로(alcohol-producing pathway)로 전환시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. 희석율 $4.5d^{-1}$의 COD 제거효율은 58%로 다른 희석율(2.1, 3.6 및 $5.5d^{-1}$)의 제거율(51.5, 55.3 및 53.7%)보다 높았으며, 이때 제거된 COD는 수소(10.1%), 유기산(30.9%), 에탄올(17.0%)로 전환이 되었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.660-661
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• 2008

Nanotubes fabricated with diverse materials show different hydrophobic properties. The hydrophobic property is one of key properties for possible applications to ion channels due to their affinity. This study focuses on the structures of water molecules inside nanotubes with varying hydrophobicity using molecular dynamics simulation. Hydrophobicity here is determined by varying the attraction term in Lennard-Jones potential. The number of water molecules inside hydrophilic nanotubes increase, as expected, and their mobilities also increase. This trend is rather discrete with increasing number of water molecules and this discreteness is attributed to hydrogen bond. We plan to perform energy analysis to understand these structural results.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

In the study, it was carried out dissimilar metal welding on materials for Al ship. The electrochemical and mechanical characteristics evaluated for specimen welded by ROBOT. The hardness of welding zone is lower than those of heat affected zone and base metal. At the result of tensile test, the specimen welded with ER5183 welding material presented excellent property compared with ER5556. The polarization trend for the base metal and welding metal showed the effects of concentration polarization due to oxygen reduction and activation polarization due to hydrogen generation. At the Tafel experiments result, the corrosion density in welded with ER5183 welding material presented the lowest value.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 1997

In this paper an attempt is made to explain some of the factors controlling oxygen and hydrogen isotopic variations of precipitation in Pohang by analysing the IAEA data (1961~1976) through statistical correlations and trend observations. During this period, the values of ${\delta}^{18}O$ and D varied widely from -17.80 to +0.07‰, and from -131.9 to +7.7‰, respectively, and fall along a local meteoric water line defined by ${\delta}D=(8.05{\pm}0.32)$ ${\delta}^{18}O+(12.72{\pm}2.44)$ (n=108, ${\gamma}^2=0.86$). The ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ values of the precipitation appear to be little dependent on temperature. Although the amount effect is clearly shown in summer precipitation of 1963 and 1965, the isotopic composition of summer precipitation seems not to be greatly dependent on the amount of precipitation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.596-600
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• 2007

The structures and energies of p-tert-butylcalix[5]crown-6-ether (1) and its alkylammonium complexes have been calculated by DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. We have studied the binding sites of these host-guest complexes focusing on the p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene pocket (endo) or the crown-6-ether moiety (exo) of 1. The smaller alkylammonium cations have the better complexation efficiency with p-tert-butylcalix[5]crown-6- ether than the bulkier alkylammonium ions. For the sec- and tert-butylammonium ions, the hydrogen-bond distances of the exo-complexes are shorter, therefore, stronger than the endo-cases. This DFT calculated result is in parallel with the trend of the experimental association constants of the branched butylammonium ions.