• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.446-450
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• 2006

In order to treat the wastewater containing organic compound, pre-treatment system connected with MSP(molecular separation process) was investigated. With the aim of selecting an optimum process of Fenton's oxidation, removal efficiency of each process in the optimum reaction condition was recommended. The $Fe/H_{2}O_{2}$(ferric sulfate to hydrogen peroxide)reagent is referred to as the Fenton's regent, which produces hydroxyl radicals by the interaction of Fe with $H_{2}O_{2}$. The powerful oxidizing ability and extreme kinetic reactively of the hydroxyl radical was well established. Increasing dosage of $Fe/H_{2}O_{2}$ increased removal efficiency as molar ratio of $Fe/H_{2}O_{2}$ between 0.2 and 2.5. Optimum dosage of molar ratio was 1. The removal efficiency for reaction condition was increased as pH decreased when the molar ratio of $Fe/H_{2}O_{2}$ was 1.7. Fenton's oxidation was most efficient in the reaction time 35 min for complex wastewater. Also, coagulation aid experiments using kaolin resulted in 3% of kaolin dosage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.271-275
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• 1999

The intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Staphylococcus sciuri was isolated to homogeneity by continuous steps, including ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and phenyl hydrophobic gel chromatography. Pure SOD had a specific activity of 4,625 U/mg and was purified 158-fold with a yield of 31 % from a cell free extract. The molecular weight of the purified SOD was determined to be approximately 35.5 kDa by gel filtration and the enzyme was also shown to be composed of dimeric subunits on denaturing SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity remained stable at pH 5 to 11 and also to heat treatment of up to $50^{\circ}C$ at pH 7.8, with 80% relative activity. The enzyme was insensitive to cyanide, hydrogen peroxide, and azide, indicating that it is a manganese-containing SOD. The EPR spectrum showed the enzyme containing manganese as a cofactor.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2007

Nanocrystalline transient aluminas (${\gamma}$-alumina) were coated on core particles (${\gamma}$-alumina) by a carbonate precipitation and thermal-assisted combustion, which is environmentally friend. The ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) as a precursor for coating of transient aluminas was produced from precipitation reaction of ammonium aluminum sulfate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The crystalline size and morphology of the synthetic, AACH, were greatly dependent on pH and temperature. AACH with a size of 5 nm was coated on the core alumina particle at pH 9. whereas rod shape and large agglomerates were coated at pH 8 and 11, respectively. The AACH was tightly bonded coated on the core particle due to formation of surface complexes by the adsorption of carbonates, hydroxyl and ammonia groups on the surface of the core alumina powder. The synthetic precursor successfully converted to amorphous- and ${\gamma}$-alumina phase at low temperature through decomposition of surface complexes and thermal-assisted phase transformation.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

As structural materials, magnesium (Mg) alloys have been widely used in the fields of aviation, automobiles, optical instruments, and electronic products. There are few studies on the effect of coating conditions on the compositional variation during the formation process of the conversion coatings. Rare-earth based conversion coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy was prepared in ceric sulfate and hydrogen peroxide contained solution. The element composition and valence as well as their distribution in the coating were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of treating process on the element composition were also studied. It was found that the conversion coating surface consists of Mg, Al, O, Ce, and the weight content of Ce in the coating was affected by the treating solution concentration and immersion time; the Ce element was distributed in the coating non-uniformly and existed in the form of $Ce^{+3}$ and $Ce^{+4}$, while the O element existed in the form of $OH^-$, $O^{2-}$, $H_2O$. Based on microscopic analysis results, the electrochemical deposition mechanism on the micro-anode and micro-cathode in the process of the coating growth was suggested.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2000

Effects of carbon dioxide partial pressure(PCO2) on bacterial population, methane production rate and matter degradation in anaerobic digestion were investigated by using anaerobic chemostat type reactors at 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, at the HRT of 7 days. At PCO2 of 0.5 atm, the specific methane production rate and specific substrate removal rate reached the maximum rates. The methane production rates in the reactors fed by mixed substrate were 26% higher than those obtained under the controlled condition. The number of acetate consuming methanogenic bacteria enumerated by the MPN(most probable number) method, decreased when PCO2 exceeded 0.7 atm. Hydrogen consuming methanogenic bacteria and homoacetogenic bacteria increased as PCO2 increased from 0.1 to 0.6 atm, however, decreased slightly at PCO2 above 0.7 atm. The number of hydrolytic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria and H2-producing acetogenic bacterial were not much influenced by the change of PCO2. The potential methanogenic activity reached the maximum at PCO2 0.5 atm, however, decreased significantly when PCO2 exceeded 0.7 atm, would depend on free PCO2 concentration in solution.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.56-56
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• 2001

Ni-W alloy deposit is one of the best alternatives to hard chromium plating because of its good mechanical properties (high hardness, high strength, and good wear resistance). Ni-W alloy is deposited from weakly acidic or alkaline electrolytic bath with nickel sulfate, sodium tungstate or APT, and some kinds of organic hydroxy-acid complex and ammonia salts. W content of the deposit can be changed from 0 to 5Owt% and the coating with high W content is more attracted. But, meanwhile, the deposited layers are always found high internal stress, which cause them to become brittle and to bond insufficiently with the substrate. On the second hand, as the W content is incresed, the current efficiency reduced, which results in large quantities of hydrogen evolution and then produces bubbles on surface and pitting appearance In this paper, the influence of some additives on Ni-W alloy electroplating was investigated by means of compositional analysis and SEM. The initial results showed that 2-butyne-1,4-diol was the best brightener for Ni-W plating process. It could brighten and level deposit, but decreased the cathodic current efficiency. Its optimum concentration range is from O.lgjL to 0.5gjL. Besides, three kinds of additives including 2-butyne-1,4-diol were examined with Dagguchi method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.854-860
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• 1999

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified to homogeneity from fruiting bodies of edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose FF ion-exchange chromatography, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography, and preparative PAGE. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 54 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, and the enzyme was shown to be consisted of two identical subunits of molecular weight 27 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.9 as determined by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme had optimal pH and temperature of pH 8.0 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide, but inhibited less by cyanide and azide. The native enzyme was found to contain 0.89g-atom of iron, 0.75g-atom of zinc, and 0.46g-atom of copper per mol of enzyme. Analysis of amino acids composition revealed that the SOD from L. edodes contained a relatively large amount of glutamic acid/glutamine, proline, cysteine, isoleucine, and leucine, but only a small amount of aspartic acid/asparagine, tyrosine, and tryptophan when compared to the other iron-containing SODs.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.312-321
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• 2020

Morphology of porous cobalt electro-deposits was systematically investigated as functions of cobalt precursors in the plating bath and applied cathodic current density with a special focus on cobalt nano-rod formation. It was proved that the concentration of cobalt precursor plays little effect on the morphology of cobalt electro-deposits at relatively low plating current density while it significantly affects the morphology with increasing plating current density. Such a dependence was discussed in terms of the kinetics of two competitive reactions of cobalt reduction and hydrogen evolution. Cobalt nano-rod structure was created at specific ranges of cobalt precursor content and applied cathodic current density, and its diameter and length varied with plating time without notable formation of side branches which is usually found during dendrite formation. Specifically, the nano-rod length was preferentially increased in relative short plating time (<15 s), resulting in higher aspect ratio of nano-rod with plating time. Whereas, both the nano-rod length and diameter were increased nearly at the same level in a prolonged plating time, making the aspect ratio unchanged. From the analysis of crystal structure, it was confirmed that the cobalt nano-rod preferentially grew in the form of single crystal on a dense poly-crystalline cobalt thin film initially formed on the substrate.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.177-191
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• 1998

경북 풍기읍 일대의 선캠브리아기 편마암 지역에 부존하는 지하수계의 수리지구화학.수리지질학적 특성을 규명하기 위하여, 지표수, 천층 지하수(심도＜70 m) 및 심층 지하수(심도 500~810 m)를 대상으로 수리화학, 다변량 통계, 열역학, 환경 동위원소(삼중수소, 산소-수소, 탄소, 황) 및 질량 보존 모델링을 포함한 종합적인 연구를 수행하였다. 천층 지하수의 수질은 Ca, Mg, SO$_4$및 NO$_3$의 함량이 높은 'Ca-HCO$_3$' 유형으로 특징되는 반면, 심층 지하수는 Na, Ba, Li, H$_2$S, F 및 Cl의 함량이 높고 방해석에 대해 포화 상태를 보이는 'Na-HCO$_3$' 유형으로 특징된다. 본 지역 자연수의 수질은 크게 두 유형, 즉 1) 지표수 및 천층 지하수와 2) 심층 지하수 및 일부천층 지하수로 대분되며, 앞의 유형은 계절적인 조성 변화를 나타낸다. 다변량 통계 분석 결과, 심층 지하수의 수질을 지배하는 세 개의 요인이 도출되었다. 이들 요인은 총 86%의 설명력을 가지는데, 1) 사장석의 용해와 방해석의 침전, 2) 황산염의 환원, 3) 수산화 광물(특히 운모류)의 산성 가수 분해 반응으로 요약될 수 있다. 열역학적 해석 결과와 결합한 질량 보존 모델링을 통하여, 심층 지하수의 수질 특성을 지배하는 수/암 반응을 적절히 설명해 주는 네 개의 모델을 제시하였다. 각 모델은 사장석, 고령토 및 운모류 용해와 방해석, 일라이트, 로몬타이트, 녹니석 및 스멕타이트의 침전을 보여준다. 산소 및 수소 동위원소 연구 결과, 심층 지하수의 경우는 먼 거리의 고지대(소백산 일대)에서 충진된 강우로부터 기원한 후 광역적인 심층 순환을 하면서 상당한 정도의 수/암 반응을 수반한 반면, 천층 지하수는 근처의 저지대에서 충진되었음을 알 수 있다. 삼중수소 자료에 따르면, 심층 지하수(0.2 TU)의 충진 연령은 핵실험 이전인 반면, 천층 지하수(5.66~7.79 TU)는 핵실험 이후였다. 용존 황산염의 황동위원소 조성 분석을 통하여, 본 지역의 심층 지하수에서 특징적으로 높은 함량을 보이는 황화수소(최대 3.9mg/l) 는 황산염의 환원에 기인함을 밝혔다. 또한, 용존 탄산염의 탄소 동위원소비는 토양 이산화탄소에 의한 탄산염 광물의 용해(천층 지하수의 경우), 또는 방해석의 재침전(심층 지하수의 경우)에 의해 조절되고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 지역에 부존하는 지하수의 기원과 유동 및 화학적 진화를 종합적으로 보여주는 모델을 제시한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8665-8672
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 하수처리장의 소화슬러지(digest sludge)를 대상으로 악취제거 및 유기물제거에 대한 타당성을 검토하고자 BIO-CLOD를 넣은 반응조와 넣지 않은 반응조에 대하여 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 후 ammonia, methyl mercaptan(MMC) 및 $H_2S$에 대해서 측정하였다. BIO-CLOD를 침적시킨 반응조(BIO-CLOD)에서 24시간 내에 ammonia는 48%인 것에 비해 $H_2S$와 MMC는 98%이상의 높은 제거율을 보인 반면에 BIO-CLOD를 침적시키지 않은 반응조(Non BIO-CLOD)에서는 24시간 내에 ammonia가 45%, $H_2S$는 71%, MMC는 84%로서 악취제거 가능성을 보였다. 암모니아 농도는 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하면서 질산성질소농도는 증가하는 질산화 현상을 보였으며, 소화슬러지내의 유황계 악취성분들이 호기성 미생물들에 의해 산화 분해되어 용액 중의 황산염농도를 증가시키는 데는 BIO-CLOD효과가 있었음을 알 수 있었으며, 황산염농도증가와 대기중의 $H_2S$ 제거율간에는 상관관계가 있음을 알수 있었다. 반응조 유출수에서 유기물의 감소는 짧은 시간 내에서는 BIO-CLOD가 영향을 주지 않았으며, HRT 12시간과 HRT 24시간으로 운전하였을 때 경제적인 면에서 HRT 12시간을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.