• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.543-558
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• 2019

This study was carried out to apply the taxonomic characters to identify and to provide the habitat circumstances for forty one un-introduced environmentally harmful plants in the Korea which have been designated by Ministry of Environment in 2016. We investigated the dried plant specimen from several herbaria and performed field habitat survey in western coast area of United States including California, Oregon and Washington. We suggest the first result for ecological risk discussion, weed risk assessment, taxonomic characters and classification keys for 8 species with the related species - Carduus acanthoides L. (Asteraceae), Carduus tenuiflorus W. Curtis (Asteraceae), Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae), Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. (Apiaceae), Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (Apiaceae), Ehrharta erecta Lam. (Poaceae), and Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius (Poaceae).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2020

Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav., a new invasive alien plant in Korea, was found in Ulju-gun, Ulsan Metropolitan City. This species is characterized as being similar to the genera Hydrocotyle Tourn. ex L. and Centella L. However, it differs morphologically from these two genera in leaves, flowers, and fruits, as well as stellate pubescence growing on the whole plant. In Korea, Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav. is recorded for the first time in this study. A morphological description, distribution map, and illustrations based on the Korean materials collected are presented.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

Seventy-three chromosome counts are reported from populations in 70 species from Korea, of which 34 counts in 32 species belong to Apiaceae. New species counts are in Acanthopanax chiisanensis(2n=48), Hydrocotyle japonica(2n=ca.96), H. maritima (n=12), Libanotis coreana (2n=22), Lindera sericea (n=12), Quercus myrsinaefolia (n=12), Rhamnus yoshinoi (n=12), Salix hulteni (n=19), Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa (n=11) and Vaccinium oldhami (n=12). New chromosome level for Asperula odorata (n=11), Cryptotaenia japonica (2n=16) and Sium ninsi (2n=18) is also provided. The taxonomic implications of certain of these counts are discussed.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.67-80
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• 1993

About 154 weed species composed of 31 annuals, 33 biennials, and 90 perennials belonging to 38 families were identified from golf courses in Dongrae, Joongmoon and Ora country clubs on June and September, 1992. Compositae was the most widely occurring family covering 30 species, followed by 28 species in Graminae, 12 species in Leguminasae and Rosaceae, respectively, and 7 species in Caryopbyllacese etc. The bighest number of weed species occurred in the out of bounds in three golf courses, The dominant weed species based on importance value and frequency were Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Poa annua, Cyperus rotundus, Oxalis corniculata, Digitaria sanguinalis and Artemisia prinseps.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2018

외래종이라 함은 도입종, 귀화종, 침입종을 통칭하는 용어로 특정한 인위적 목적 여부에 관계없이, 본래의 자생지가 아닌 외부에서 들어와 다른 생물의 서식지를 점유하여 번식하는 생물종을 지칭하는 것으로, 침입외래종은 생태계에 도입되고 확산되면서 생물다양성과 연계된 생태계서비스를 위협하거나 또는 악영향을 미치는 외래종을 의미하며, 위해우려종이란 국내에 유입될 경우 생태계 등에 위해를 미칠 우려가 있어 환경부장관이 지정 고시하는 생물종 (살아있는 것으로서 개체의 일부 알 종자 등을 포함)을 지칭한다. 본 연구는 환경부고시에 따른 한반도 미유입 환경위해우려종43종에 대하여 농업환경위해성 평가를 실시하고, 분류동정 기법을 개발하는 등 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해, 해외식물표본 확인과 미국 현장조사를 실시하였으며, 우선적으로 8종의 미유입 식물에 대하여 보고하고자 한다. - Carduus acanthoides L. (Asteraceae), Carduus tenuiflorus W. Curtis (Asteraceae), Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae), Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. (Apiaceae), Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (Apiaceae), Ehrharta erecta Lam. (Poaceae), Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius (Poaceae).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

Many studies have suggested the positive effects of grazing by large herbivorous mammals on seed dispersal, but little is known about how herbivores could affect the fate of ingested seeds. This study examined the effects of seed ingestion by sika deer (Cervus nippon) on seed fate in a temperate grassland established in an urban park long resided by high densities of sika deer. I compared species composition and seasonal traits of seed abundance and maturity in the grassland community with those in deer fecal pellets. In total, 27 herbaceous species were observed, including the predominant Zoysia japonica. Seed phenology and production differed among the three dominant species (Z. japonica, Digitaria violascens, and Hydrocotyle maritima). Pellets contained at least 26 species of herbaceous seeds, and their abundance differed among species. Of the 26 species, 15 were observed in the vegetation at the study site. The peak of seed abundance in pellets for the dominant species appeared 1 month after the peak of inflorescence production (but most of the inflorescences were immature and susceptible to digestion) and consequently corresponded to the peak of mature inflorescence. Because sika deer are likely to ingest seeds at any maturity stage in the grassland and immature seeds are less hardened, ingested immature seeds can suffer great losses. The results suggested that the survival of germable seeds with great losses of immature seeds may be a factor determining which plant species can be successfully dispersed by herbivores.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.56
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• pp.15-38
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• 1998

Biomass and soil properties of plant communites was investigated in the limestone ares, Tanyang, Ch'ungbuk Province in Korea. Plants was classified in calcicoles and calcifuges within plant communities occurring in the limestone area. Biomass of plant populatins in the limestone area was measured that Stellaria aquatica was the lowest(0.58g/plant), Chrysanthemum boreale was the highest(8.87g/plant) and that Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis was 6.67g/plant, 5.76g/plant, respectively. Diameter of breast height among the tree layer communities was investigated that Pinus densiflora was the widest(20cm), Juniperus rigida was the narrowest(6cm) and that Quercus aliena, Populus ${\times}$ tomentiglandulosa was 10cm, 12cm, respectively. The high of density in the tree layer was found out Populus ${\times}$ tomentiglandulosa, Juniperus rigida, Quercus aliena, Pinus densiflora in this order. Dominant species in the study area were Pinus densiflora, Quercus aliena, Juniperus rigida, Quercus dentata in the tree layer, Lespedeza bicolor, Buxus microphylla, Rhus chinensis in the shrub layer, Humulus Japonicus, Erigeron canadensis, Xanthium strumarium, Oenothera odorata Persicaria hypropiper on the riverside, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Vicia amoena, Chrysanthemum boreale on the roadside. Soil properties of the limestone area was investigated around the protrusion of rock in the upper region, around the cave and underlayer accumulated by corrosion in the study area. Lime-chlorosis was observed in the upper region, underlayer and around the cave. It was observed that biota of kum-gul and dungbong-gul was Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai, Epanerchodus kimi, Antrokoreana gracilipes, Diestrammena japonical. Dominant species were Humulus japonicus, Stellaria aquatica, Hydrocotyle maritima, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sinensis around the inlet of a kum-gul. It was classified that plants in the study area was 34 order, 53 family, 135 species in all. Calcicoles were 11 order, 16 family, 18 species and calcufuges were 6 order, 8 family, 11 species of them all.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 1988

About 136 weed species belonging to 44 families occurring in summer observed in Cheju island. The Compositae was the most widely occurring family covering 29 weed species, followed by 16 species in Graminae, 14 in Leguminosae, 13 in Rosaceae, 10 in Polygonaceae etc., The dominant weed species detected in range areas of Cheju island were Trifolium repens, Botrychium virginianum, Rosa multiflora, Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica. The range areas of Cheju island consisted of the communities of Artemisia princeps-Botrychium virginianum, Artemisia princeps-Erigeron borariensis and Dianthus sinensis, and Artemisia-Lespedeza bicolor and Miscanthus sinensis and then the differential species of their communities were Botrychium virginianum, Erigeron boriensis, and Lespedeza bicolor and Miscanthus sinensis, respectively. The species of the high frequencies occurring in investigated sites were Artemisia princeps, Cirsium rhinoceros, Hydrocotyle ramijlora, Rosa multiflora, Sanguisorba officinalis, Rubus crataegifolius, Potentilla fragariodes, Erigeron annus, Plantago asiatica, Oxalis corniculata, Mosla dianthera in order.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2013

Literatures were reviewed to understand the weeds occurring on the lawn and the effective control methods of them. Thirty-seven species of 16 families including three species of Cyperaceae for example Cyperus sanguinolentus, nine species of Poaceae including Digitalis ciliaris, Poa repens, etc., and 25 species of broad-leaved weeds such as Artemisia princeps, Draba nemorosa, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides were occurred on the lawns. One hundred ninety-six weed species of 53 families were occurred on a tomb graveyard adjacent to the mountain. Therefore, it is possible to be infested by the weeds occurring on the graveyard on the golf course adjacent to the mountains. There are 67 items, 32 kinds of the soil treatment herbicides including dichlobenil GR, methiozolin EC, oxaziclomefone SC, imaxaquin GR et al, and 35 kinds of the foliar treatment herbicides including metamifop EC, bifenox flucetosulfuron WG, flazasulfuron WP, trifloxysulfuron-sodium WG et al. registered at the end of May 2012 for efficient management of the weeds occurring on the lawn. For effective management of the weeds, the herbicide can be generally applied twice a year on March to April and August to September for soil treatment and once a year on June to July for the foliage treatment.