• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.503-506
• /
• 2008

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel and JP 8, can be good candidates for SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) system fuel due to their high hydrogen density. Autothermal reforming (ATR) is suitable for liquid hydrocarbon fuel reforming because oxygen can decompose the aromatics in liquid fuel and steam can suppress the carbon deposition during catalytic reaction. The advantage of ATR is that it has a simple system construction due to exothermicity of ATR reaction. We control the exothermicity of reaction, make the reaction possible design a self-sustaining ATR reactor. A self-sustained 1kW-class kerosene autothermal reformer is introduced in this paper. The 1kW-class kerosene reformer was continuously operated for about 140 hours without degradation of reforming performance.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2003

Mathematically simplified reaction scheme that simulates autoignitions of the end gases in spark ignition engines has been studied computationally. The five equation model is described, to predict the essential features of hydrocarbon oxidation. This scheme has been calibrated against autoignition delay times measured in rapid compression machines. The rate constants, activation temperatures, Ta, Arrhenius preexponential constants, A, and heats of reaction for stoichiometric n-heptane/air, iso-octane/air, and their mixtures have all been optimised. The optimisation has been guided by Morley's correlation of the ratio of chain branching to linear termination rates with octane number. Comparisons between computed and experimental autoignition delay times have validated the Present simplified reaction scheme and the influences of octane number upon autoignition delay times have been computationally investigated. It has been found that both cool flame and high temperature direct reactions can have an effect on autoignition delay times.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2007

The regulations for hydrocarbon emission from vehicles have become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations request vehicle manufacturers to develop the advanced exhaust system for reducing exhaust emissions. The exhaust emissions has many sources in vehicle. In order to investigate the characteristics of hydrocarbon(HC) in the exhaust manifold, concentrations of individual HC species were measured in exhaust process. Using sampling valve, the light hydrocarbon emissions were captured in the exhaust manifold(catalyst before and after) and analyzed from LPLi engine exhaust manifold(catalyst before and after) using different fuel properties. Then exhaust samples were measured by gas chromatography(GC) and exhaust gas analyzer. Catalyst conversion efficiency for fuel properties of Butane 100% was better than Propane 100%. Start delay of LPLi engine was observed as increment of propane contents in LPG fuels.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2017

The combustion characteristics of gasoline and diesel were tested in a compression ignition engine. Both fuels were used with same common rail injection system. Combustion experiment showed that low load condition of 0.45 MPa IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure) was tested in metal and optical engines. The gasoline combustion showed higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions but lower soot emission compared with diesel combustion. NOx emissions were very high at late injection timing but significantly decreased at early injection timing due to the lean combustion resulted from vigorous mixing process. Direct combustion visualization showed that the diesel combustion was dominated by diffusion combustion exhibiting soot incandescence and the gasoline combustion was mostly consisted of premixed combustion showing blue chemiluminescence.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2008

In the present study, in order to understand the overall spray combustion characteristics of DME fuel as well as to identify the distinctive differences of DME combustion processes against the conventional hydrocarbon liquid fuels, the sequence of the comparative analysis have been systematically made for DME and n-heptane liquid fuels. To realistically represent the physical processes involved in the spray combustion, this studyemploys the hybrid breakup model, the stochastic droplet tracking model, collision model, high-pressure evaporation model, and transient flamelet model with detailed chemistry. Based on numerical results, the detailed discussions are made in terms of the autoignition, spray combustion processes, flame structure, and turbulence-chemistry interaction in the n-heptane and DME fueled spray combustion processes.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2009

The present study has numerically investigates the vaporization, auto-ignition and combustion processes in the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions encountered in the diesel engine. In the present study, in order to understand the overall spray combustion characteristics of DME fuel as well as to identify the distinctive differences of DME combustion processes compared to conventional hydrocarbon liquid fuels, the sequence of the comparative analysis has been systematically made for DME and n-Heptane liquid fuels. Computations for DME fuel are made for two cases including constant fuel mass flow rate condition and fixed heat release rate. Based on numerical results, the discussions are made for the detailed combustion processes of DME and n-Heptane spray.

• 세라미스트
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2019

Alternative energy sources to the systems using hydrocarbon fuels have been actively developed due to exhaustion of fossil fuels and issue of global warming by CO₂. Fuel cells have attracted great attentions to solve these issues as electricity can be produced with product of clean H₂O by using H₂-O₂ as a fuel. Besides, using reverse reactions make it possible to produce H₂ and O₂ gas from electrolysis of water. There are various fuel cells systems depending on the types of electrolyte, and in this mini-reviews, the main aim is to focus on perovskite oxides as a catalyst for oxygen-evolution reactions in alkaline electrolysis and its potential to application of alkaline electrolysis systems.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

The effect of the di-tertiary butyl peroxide (DTBP) additive on the heat release rate and emissions of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine fueled with high Research Octane Number (RON) fuels were investigated. The experiments were performed using 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (by volume) DTBP-RON90 blends. The RON90 Fuel was obtained by blending 90% iso-octane with 10% n-heptane. The experimental results show that the operation range was remarkably expanded to lower temperature and lower engine load with the DTBP additive in RON90 fuel. The first ignition phase of HCCI combustion was observed at 850 K and ended at 950 K while the hot ignition occurred at 1125 K for all fuels at different engine working conditions. The chemical reaction scale time decreases with the DTBP addition. As a result, the ignition timing advances, the combustion duration shortens, and heat release rates were increased at overall engine loads. Meanwhile, the unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and CO emissions decrease sharply with the DTBP addition while the NOx emissions maintain at a lower level.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2016

In the present study, a single cylinder four stroke dual fuel diesel engine was tested to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of various test fuels. The engine was tested in dual fuel mode using diesel and Karanja biodiesel blends as pilot fuel along with Natural gas as primary fuel with a constant gas flow rate under different loading conditions. From the experimentation it was found that smoke opacity and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are at low level for all the prepared test fuels in dual fuel mode but the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and hydrocarbon (HC) were found higher. In comparison to diesel fuel, by increasing the blend percentage different emission parameters are found to be reduced. At different loading conditions all the test fuels show poor performance in dual fuel mode of operation when compared with single mode of operation with diesel and biodiesel. With increase in gas flow rates, except (NOx) and smoke emissions, the other emission parameters like CO, HC and $CO_2$ values increased for all test fuels. Again, all blended fuels showed lower performance compared to diesel. The maximum pilot fuel savings for diesel was found decreasing with the increase in karanja biodiesel. From the present work it may be concluded that Karanja biodiesel with Natural gas in dual mode can be can used as promising alternative for diesel with some required engine modifications and further research must be carried out to minimize the emissions of CO, HC and $CO_2$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.567-577
• /
• 2019

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution, demand for alternative energy is gradually increasing. Among the various methods, a method to convert biomass into alternative fuel has been proposed. The bio-fuel obtained from biomass through pyrolysis process is called pyrolysis oil (PO) or bio-oil. Because PO is difficult to use directly in conventional engines due to its poor fuel properties, various methods have been proposed to upgrade pyrolysis-oil. The simplest approach is to mix it with conventional fossil fuels. However, due to their different polarity of PO and fossil fuel, direct mixing is impossible. To resolve this problem, emulsification of two fuels with a proper surfactant was proposed, but it costs additional time and cost. Alternatively, the use of alcohol fuels as an organic solvent significantly improve the fuel properties such as fuel stability, calorific value and viscosity. In this study, blends of diesel, n-butanol, and coffee ground pyrolysis oil (CGPO) which is one of the promising PO, was applied to diesel generator. Combustion and emissions characteristics of blended fuels were investigated under the entire load range. Experimental results show that ignition delay is similar to that of diesel at high load. Although, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are comparable to diesel, significant reduction of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions were observed.