• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.561-586
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• 2012

This paper describes a summary of final prediction results by system-scale safety analysis codes during the OECD/NEA/CSNI ISP-50 exercise, targeting a 50% Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) line break integral effect test performed with the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS). This ISP-50 exercise has been performed in two consecutive phases: "blind" and "open" phases. Quantitative comparisons were performed using the Fast Fourier Transform Based Method (FFTBM) to compare the overall accuracy of the collected calculations. Great user effects resulting from the combination of the possible reasons were found in the blind phase, confirming that user effect is still one of the major issues in connection with the system thermal-hydraulic code application. Open calculations showed better prediction accuracy than the blind calculations in terms of average amplitude (AA) value. A total of nineteen organizations from eleven countries participated in this ISP-50 program and eight leading thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes were used: APROS, ATHLET, CATHARE, KORSAR, MARS-KS, RELAP5/MOD3.3, TECH-M-97, and TRACE.

• Geosciences Journal
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1041-1052
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• 2018

A single-well push-drift-pull tracer test using two different tracers ($SF_6$ and salt) was performed at the Environmental Impact Test (EIT) site to determine suitable locations for monitoring wells and arrange them prior to artificial $CO_2$ injection and leak tests. Local-scale estimates of hydraulic properties (linear groundwater velocity and effective porosity) were obtained at the study site by the tracer test with two tracers. The mass recovery percentage of the volatile tracer ($SF_6$) was lower than that of the non-volatile tracer (salt) and increased drift time may make degassing of $SF_6$ intensified. The $CO_2$ leakage monitoring results for both unsaturated and saturated zones suggest that the $CO_2$ monitoring points should be located near points at which a high concentration gradient is expected. Based on the estimated hydraulic properties and tracer mass recovery rates, an optimal $CO_2$ monitoring network including boreholes for monitoring the unsaturated zone was constructed at the study site.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

전기전도도 측정방법에 의한 수리전도도 측정 기법 개발의 일환으로, 모형 시추공을 이용한 실내 실험에 이은 원위치 현장 적용 시험을 실시하였다. 현장 적용은 사전 현장 적용실험을 거쳐 춘천시 봉명리 강원대학교 산림학습원 구역내에 있는 BM-2와 BM-3의 두 시추공에서 이루어졌다. 두 시추공을 양수정과 측정공으로 서로 번갈아 사용하며 염수 주입과 종료를 기준으로 다수의 시계열 전기전도도 자료를 획득하였다. 이들 시계열 전기전도도 분포곡선의 분석으로부터 공별, 심도별 수리 특성 정보를 얻을 수 있었으며, 원위치 현장 투수시험 방법으로서의 가능성이 확인되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.2002-2010
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• 2024

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has operated an integral effect test facility, the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS), with reference to the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400) for tests for transient and design basis accidents simulation. A test for a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) at the top of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) had been conducted at ATLAS to address the impact of the loss of safety injections (LSI) and to evaluate accident management (AM) actions during the postulated accident. The experimental data has been utilized to validate system analysis codes within a framework of the domestic standard problem program organized by KAERI in collaboration with Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety. In this study, the test has been analyzed by using thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes, MARS-KS 1.5 and TRACE 5.0 Patch 6, and a comparative analysis with experimental and calculation results has been performed. The main objective of this study is the investigation of the thermal-hydraulic phenomena during a small break LOCA at the RPV upper head with the LSI as well as the predictability of the system analysis codes after the AM actions during the test. The results from both codes reveal that overall physical behaviors during the accident are predicted by the codes, appropriately, including the excursion of the peak cladding temperature because of the LSI. It is also confirmed that the core integrity is maintained with the proposed AM action. Considering the break location, a sensitivity analysis for the nodalization of the upper head has been conducted. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the nodalization gave a significant impact on the analysis result. The result emphasizes the importance of the nodalization which should be performed with a consideration of the physical phenomena occurs during the transient.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2003

An electric control fuel injector of a diesel engine injection systems is very important apparatus for fuel economy and emission control. It's performance was influenced by hydraulic contro1 of valve and solenoid especially the solenoid was important factor for operation and control of injector. In this paper. we made solenoids of 4 type. which changed the shape of armature and core. and measured magnetic force according to input current, and analyzed characteristics of solenoid on the shape through the test results.

• 지질공학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.227-241
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• 1999

단열암반 내의 지하수 흐름은 단열의 분포특성과 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있으며, 수리전도도와 직접적인 관계를 갖는 인자로서 단열 틈의 크기와 단열 교차빈도가 고려된다. 본 연구는 여수반도 북부지역의 화산암에 분포하는 단열의 간격과 틈의 크기에 대한 확률밀도함수의 유형과 단열의 분포특성이 수리전도도 값에 미치는 영향 및 상관관계를 분석하였다. 단열의 분포특성은 core logging과 초음파주사 검층을 통하여 조사되었으며, 일정구간별 수리전도도는 이중패커를 이용한 정압/압력강하 시험으로서 산출되었다. 연구지역에 분포하는 단열간격과 단열조별 틈의 크기는 대수정규분포를 나타내지만, 개구성 단열 틈의 크기는 정규분포에 가깝다. Core logging에 의한 투수성 단열, 텔레뷰어 검층에 의한 개구성 단열군, 그리고 Set 1에 속하는 단열들이 교차되는 수리시험 구간에서는 수리전도도 값과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 단열암반의 수리전도도는 투수성 단열 틈의 크기에 1차적인 영향을 받으며 단열의 교차정도 및 크기에 2차적인 영향을 받는 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 연약지반처리위원회 학술세미나
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

The use of Compaction Grouting evolved in the 1950's to correct structural settlement of buildings. Over the almost 50 years, the technology has developed and is currently used in wide range of applications. Compaction Grouting, the injection of a very stiff, 'zero-slump' mortar grout under relatively high pressure, displaces and compacts soils. It can effectively repair natural or man-made soil strength deficiencies in variety of soil formations. Major uses of Compaction Grouting include densifying loose soils or fill voids caused by sinkholes, poorly compacted fills, broken utilities, improper dewatering, or soft ground tunneling excavation. Other application include preventing liquefaction, re-leveling settled structures, and using compaction grout bulbs as structural elements of minipiles or underpinning. The technique replaced slurry injection, or 'pressure grouting', as the preferred method of densification grouting. There are several reasons for the increased use of Compaction Grouting which can be summarized in one word: CONTROL. The low slump grout and injection processes are usually designed to keep the grout in a homogeneous mass at the point of injection, while acceptable in some limited applications, tends to quickly get out of control. Hydraulic soil fracturing can cause extensive grout travel, often well beyond the desired treatment zone. So, on the basis of the two case history constructed in recent year, a study has been peformed to analyze the basic mechanism of the Compaction Grouting and verify the effectiveness of the ground improvement using some test methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.709-718
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• 2012

The pressurized water reactor APR1400 adopts DVI (Direct Vessel Injection) for the emergency cooling water in the upper downcomer annulus. The International Standard Problem number 50 (ISP-50) was launched with the aim to investigate thermal hydraulic phenomena during a 50% DVI line break scenario with best estimate codes making use of the experimental data available from the ATLAS facility located at KAERI. The present work describes the calculation results obtained for the ISP-50 using the RELAP5/MOD3.3 system code. The work aims at validation and assessment of the code to reproduce the observed phenomena and investigate about its limitations to predict complicated mixing phenomena between the subcooled emergency cooling water and the two-phase flow in the downcomer. The obtained results show that the overall trends of the main test variables are well reproduced by the calculations. In particular, the pressure in the primary system show excellent agreement with the experiment. The loop seal clearance phenomenon was observed in the calculation and it was found to have an important influence on the transient progression. Moreover, the collapsed water levels in the core are accurately reproduced in the simulations. However, the drop in the downcomer level before the activation of the DVI from safety injection tanks was underestimated due to multi-dimensional phenomena in the downcomer that are not properly captured by one-dimensional simulations.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

An artificial recharge test aimed at investigating transport characteristics of the injected water plume in a fractured rock aquifer was conducted. The test used an injection well for injecting tap water whose temperature and electrical conductivity were different from the groundwater. Temporal and depth-wise variation of temperature and electrical conductivity was monitored in both the injection well and a nearby observation well. A highly permeable fracture zone acting as the major pathway of groundwater flow was distinctively revealed in the monitoring data. A finite element subsurface flow and transport simulator (FEFLOW) was used to investigate sensitivity of the transport process to associated aquifer parameters. Simulated results showed that aperture thickness of the fracture and the hydraulic gradient of groundwater highly affected spatio-temporal variation of temperature and electrical conductivity of the injected water plume. The study suggests that artificial recharge of colder water in a fractured rock aquifer could create a thermal plume persistent over a long period of time depending on hydro-thermal properties of the aquifer as well as the amount of injected water.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.258-276
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• 2018

정확하고 정량적인 현지 암반 수리특성 정보들은 고수압 조건 굴착 공동 주변의 수리 지질학적 거동에 대한 신뢰성 있는 평가에 필요한 핵심 인자들 중의 하나이다. 상부의 해수가 무한 수원으로 작용하는 해저지반 내 터널이나 암반 구조물 설계에서 계획 구조물의 규모와 작용 수압이 커질수록 수리특성 정보의 중요성은 크게 증가된다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수압시험 시스템의 부적절한 구성이나 부정확한 자료 획득과 관련된 제반 문제점들의 개선을 통해 고수압 해저지반에 최적화된 일체형 메인 프레임과 30 bar 급 완전방수구조 공내측정장치를 독자적으로 개발하였다. 수리특성 조사 시스템을 구성하는 개별 시험장치들을 단일 프레임에 통합함으로써 협소하고 위험요소가 많은 해상 시추용 플랫폼에서도 안전하고 효율적으로 시험을 수행할 수가 있게 되었다. 또한 유압유 이중 조절장치를 고안하여 공내 순 주입압력 기준 $2.0kgf/cm^2$ 이하 간격으로 정밀한 단계적 가압과 압력 유지가 가능하도록 하였다. 개발 장치들의 시스템 성능과 작동 안정성을 실증적으로 확인하기 위해 연구 시험공 2개소에서 현장 적용성 시험을 완료하였으며 제주 현무암 분포 지역 내 시험공 1개소에서 대표요소체적 규모 수리특성 시험을 성공적으로 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발 장치들의 주요 특성들과 다양한 실내 및 현장 성능시험에서 획득된 주요 결과들을 간단히 소개하였다.