• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.169-169
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• 2023

Most distributed water is not used effectively due to water loss occurring in pipe networks. These water losses are caused by leakage, typically due to high water pressure to ensure adequate water supply. High water pressure can cause the pipe to burst or develop leaks over time, particularly in an aging network. In order to reduce the amount of leakage and ensure proper water distribution, it is important to apply pressure management. Pressure management aims to maintain a steady and uniform pressure level throughout the network, which can be achieved through various operational schemes. The schemes include: (1) installing a variable speed pump (VSP), (2) introducing district metered area (DMA), and (3) operating pressure-reducing valves (PRV). Applying these approaches requires consideration of various hydraulic, economic, and environmental aspects. Due to the different functions of these approaches and related components, an all-together optimization of these schemes is a complicated task. In order to reduce the optimization complexity, this study recommends a sequential optimization method. With three network operation schemes considered (i.e., VSP, DMA, and PRV), the method explores all the possible combinations of pressure management paths. Through sequential optimization, the best pressure management path can be determined using a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to weigh in factors of cost savings, investment, pressure uniformity, and CO₂ emissions. Additionally, the contribution of each scheme to pressure management was also described in the application results.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.381-382
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• 2002

The Fluid film between the valve plate and the cylinder block was measured by use of a gap sensor and the mercury-cell slip ring unit under real working conditions. During the operating periods, experiments with discharge pressure, revolution speed, and valve geometry was carried out for the fluid film on the valve plate. To investigate the effect of the valve shape, we designed two valve plates each having a different shape; the first valve plate was a plane valve plate. while the second valve plate was a spherical valve plate. It was noted that these two valve plates observed different aspects of the fluid film characteristics between the cylinder block and the valve plate. The leakage flow rate and the shan torque were also investigated in order to clarify the difference between these two types of valve plates. From the results of this study. we found that the spherical valve plate estimated good fluid film patterns and performance more than the other valve plate in oil hydraulic axial piston pumps.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2013

Flow rate control is the uppermost concern for a trochoid hydraulic pump. Cavitation within the flow field of the pump has the greatest effect on the flow control during high-speed pump rotation of approximately 3500~4000 RPM. In this paper, based on AMESim$^{(R)}$ and Solid Works$^{(R)}$, we will present a method to simulate cavitation by analyzing the control factors of a trochoid pump, including the hydraulic pressure change at the outlet, flow rate based on the rotation speed of the inner rotor, leakage through the gap between the outer and inner rotors, and discharging angle of the outlet. The proposed methodology of the [cavitation simulation will enable field engineers to more easily design trochoid pumps, and will allow more concrete control over the flow rate of the pump by realizing an analysis model similar to the actual product model.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

This paper presents the experimental results of the radial piston type oil pump with new mechanism for a metal diaphragm hydrogen compressor. Generally, metal diaphragm type hydrogen compressor systems are operated by oil hydraulic power. In this system an oil compensating pump has been demanded to compensate for a leakage oil head chamber. The metal diaphragm type hydrogen compressor consists of an oil compensating pump, commonly used hydraulic piston pump and driven by main crank shaft. The radial piston type oil compensating pump with new rolling contacted piston mechanism is developed and experimented. The developed piston element of the radial piston pump consists of piston, steel ball, return spring, two check valves, eccentric cam and ball racer. In this study, designed 4 type pistons as and orifice hole. Operating characteristics and pressure ripple characteristics are tested under no load to 60bar loaded with every 20bar increasing step and pressure ripple and flow rate are experimentally investigated.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The water distribution system should be invariably operated on continuous pattern for 24 hours a day. Occasionally, it is not practically possible to operate for 24 hours due to water shortage or financial constraints. Therefore an intermittent water supply is unavoidable in water shortage area and developing countries. But the intermittent water supply can introduce large pressure forces and rapid fluid accelerations into a water supply network. These disturbances may result in new pipe failure, leakage and secondary contamination. This paper proposed an improvement methodology to prevent the disturbances by intermittent water supply. For the study, the hydraulic variation of intermittent flow in water distribution system was measured and analyzed in the field by comparing with simulation of hydraulic model. Installations of control valves such as, pressure reducing and sustaining and air valves were employed for pressure and flow control. The effectiveness of the methods are presented by comparing hydraulic conditions before and after introducing the proposed solutions.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2010

Oil hydraulic piston pumps are being extensively used around the world, because of their simple design, light weight, effective cost, etc. An oil hydraulic pump is likely to have the serious problems of high leakage, friction, and low energy efficiency after a long period of use. In an oil hydraulic piston pump, the clearance between the valve block and piston plays an important role for volumetric and overall efficiency. In this study, the wear property of the SACM645 material with DLC coating used for a hydraulic piston pump was determined by experimentation with variable heat treatment. To investigate the effect according to the piston surface condition, five different types of specimens were prepared. The maximum tensile strengths of the QT and QT Nitration specimens had similar values of about 800 MPa, but the strains indicated a big difference. In a wear test, the wear characteristic of the DLC coating specimen was shown to be excellent. The QT, QT + IH, QT + Nitration, and matirx specimen showed similar wear characteristics. In the case of a dry condition without oil, the DLC coating specimen had good wear resistance, with no wear shown.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.705-712
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• 2000

The fluid generally flows through fractures in crystalline rocks where most of underground storage facilities are constructed because of their low hydraulic conductivities. The fractured rock is better to be conceptualized with a discrete fracture concept, rather continuum approach. In the aspect of fluid flow in underground, the simultaneous flow of groundwater and gas should be considered in the cases of generation and leakage of gas in nuclear waste disposal facilities, air sparging process and soil vapor extraction for eliminating contaminants in soil or rock pore, and pneumatic fracturing for the improvement of permeability of rock mass. For the purpose of appropriate analysis of groundwater-gas flow, this study presents an unsteady-state multi-phase FEM fracture network simulator. Numerical simulation has been also conducted to investigate the hydraulic head distribution and air tightness around Ulsan LPG storage cavern. The recorded hydraulic head at the observation well Y was -5 to -10 m. From the results obtained by the developed model, it shows that the discrete fracture model yielded hydraulic head of -10 m, whereas great discrepancy with the field data was observed in the case of equivalent continuum modeling. The air tightness of individual fractures around cavern was examined according to two different operating pressures and as a result, only several numbers of fractures neighboring the cavern did not satisfy the criteria of air tightness at 882 kPa of cavern pressure. In the meantime, when operating pressure is 710.5 kPa, the most areas did not satisfy air tightness criteria. Finally, in the case of gas leaking from cavern to the surrounding rocks, the resulted hydraulic head and flowing pattern was changed and, therefore, gas was leaked out from the cavern ceiling and groundwater was flowed into the cavern through the walls.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2016

In this study, hydraulic analysis of water-supply networks in Marivan was performed by modeling. WATERGEMS was used for modeling and it was calibrated using existing rules and regulations. The purpose of this research is modeling urban water network and its analysis based on hydraulic criteria and meeting pressure conditions at the nodes and complying the economic speed. To achieve this goal, first the pipelines of city streets was designed in AutoCAD on a map of the city. It should be mentioned that it was tried to prevent from creating additional loops in the network and the optimal network was designed by a combination of annular and branch loops. In the next step, the pipes were called in WATERGEMS and then we continue the operation by the allocation of elevation digits to the pipes. Since the topography of this city is very specific and unique, the number of pressure zones was increased. Three zones created only covers about 20% of the population in the city. In this dissertation, the design was performed on the city's main zone with the largest density in the Figures 1,320-1,340. In the next step, the network triangulation was conducted. Finally, the Debiw as allocated based on the triangulation conducted and considering the density of the city for year of horizon. Ultimately, the network of Marivan was designed and calibrated according to hydraulic criteria and pressure zoning. The output of this model can be used in water-supply projects, improvement and reform of the existing net-work in the city, and various other studies. Numerous and various graphs obtained in different parts of a network modelled can be used in the analysis of critical situation, leakage.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 2층 누수대수층 시스템에 관한 Hunt 해석해와 Ward and Lough 해석해를 이용하여 천부지하수 양수 및 심부지하수 양수로 인한 하천수 감소량을 산정하고 그 차이를 비교, 분석하였다. 하천과 관정간의 이격거리, 대수층의 투수량계수와 저류계수, 상부층과 하부층간의 누수계수의 조합에 따라 총 45,000가지 경우에 대해 지하수 양수량 대비 하천수 감소량인 하천수 감소비를 천부와 심부지하수 양수 각각에 대해 산정하고 그 차이를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 층간 누수계수가 10^-61/d로 매우 작은 경우 천부 및 심부지하수 양수로 인한 5년 평균 하천수 감소비의 차이는 수리특성조건에 따라 최대 0.9로 큰 편차를 보이고 천부대수층의 하천고갈인자(SDF)와 지수함수적 감소 관계가 지배적으로 나타났다. 이러한 하천수 감소비의 차이는 층간 누수계수가 증가함에 따라 층간 상호작용 영향으로 SDF 값과의 지수함수적 관계가 점차 둔화되고 누수계수가 10^-31/d이 되면 최대 0.2의 작은 차이가 발생하여 층간 수리적 연결성이 큰 조건에서는 하천수 감소에 미치는 지하수 양수 심도의 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2022

전기-정유압식 작동기(EHA)는 독립적으로 유동력원을 운용함에 따라, 복잡한 유압 배관을 제거할 수 있어 누유 및 중량 최소화, 안전성 향상의 장점이 있어 최근 항공기용 비행제어 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 EHA를 탑재하는 항공기의 경우, 기존 중앙 유압시스템을 탑재한 항공기에 비해 제한된 냉각원에 따른 EHA의 열관리 이슈가 대두된다. 이러한 열관리 이슈의 해결을 위해서는, EHA의 열특성을 예측할 수 있는 열해석 모델이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 유압펌프 및 전기모터로 구성되는 EHA 유압동력모듈의 내부 회전체를 고압 하에서 고속으로 회전이 가능하도록, 유압동력모듈 내부에 유체 순환 회로를 적용하였다. 적합한 열해석 모델을 구축하고, 유냉식 또는 비유냉식 유압동력모듈 적용에 따른 해석 결과의 비교 및 검토를 통해 EHA의 열특성 영향성을 확인하고자 하였다.