• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2007

Two experiments were designed to examine short-term effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and long-term effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), $17{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ (17P), and $17{\alpha},20{\beta}-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one\;(17,20{\beta}P)$, alone or in combination, on milt production of the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. In the first experiment, fish were injected with either 200 IU hCG/kg body weight or the same volume of marine fish Ringer's solution (MFRS). In the second experiment, each fish was implanted with a blank cholesterol pellet (control), $200\;{\mu}g$ GnRHa, $500\;{\mu}g$ 17P, or $100\;{\mu}g\;17,20{\beta}P/kg$ body weight alone or in combination. In the first experiment, hCG injection resulted in an increase in the expressible milt volume and a decrease in the spermatocrit (Sct). After pellet implantation in the second experiment, the milt volume was increased in males treated with GnRHa, GnRHa+17P, or $GnRHa+17,20{\beta}P$. On day 7 after hormone pellet implantation, the milt volume began to increase, and on day 14, the milt volume in the $GnRHa+500\;{\mu}g$ 17P group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Compared with the control group, the hormone pellet-treated groups had a significant reduction in the mean Sct and sperm concentration (Sc) at day 7 after pellet implantation, while there were no differences in total sperm number. The results suggest that increases in milt volume are generally associated with decreases in Sct and SC, suggesting that the main mechanism for the increase in milt volume was milt hydration.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2007

납자루아과의 어류들과 산란습성이 유사한 중고기 Sarcocheilichtys nigripinis morii의 산란생숙주 선택성과 초기 생활사에서 나타나는 배와 자어의 적응 형질을 조사하였다. 중고기의 수정난은 조사수역에 동소적으로 서식하는 담수산 이매패들 중에서도 엷은재첩과 재첩의 체내에서만 관찰되어 숙주 특이성을 보였다. 산란되는 부위는 이매패의 외투강으로 수정난의 난막이 2배 정도로 크게 팽창하며, 부화 전 기관 형성이 완성되어 운동이 자유로운 eleutheroembyo 상태로 발달하는 점 등은 납자루아과와 차이를 보이는 생식전략으로 사료되었다. 그러나 자어기 난황 표면의 호흡 혈관이 크게 발달하는 점은 체내 기생에 따른 보상 형질로 판단되었다. 흑색소포의 발달은 느린 편으로 하미축골 부위에 발생하는 흑색반점은 본 종의 자어를 구분하는 특징이 될 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2009

Objectives: Ryodoraku diagnosis has been used frequently since Nakatani invented it in 1950. There are many papers about how to use Ryodoraku diagnosis in many diseases, but there are no studies about the repeatability and reproducibility of the Ryodoraku score. The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of the Ryodoraku score. Materials and Methods: There were four examiners who trained for more than a month, and the number of subjects was twenty. Each of the examiners made Ryodoraku diagnosis for ten subjects three times. We analyzed data by SPSS, used Friedman test, Wilcoxon signer rank test and Spearman correlation test. Results: 1. There was no significant difference between first, second, and third Ryodoraku score by Friedman test in examiners A, B, C, and D, so there was repeatability. 2. There was very high correlation on first, second, third Ryodoraku score by Spearman correlation test in examiners A, B, C, and 0, so there was repeatability. 3. There was high ICC among Ryodoraku score by examiners B, C, and D, so there was reproducibility. 4. After observing four examiners' Ryodoraku diagnoses, we could see the discord of measure points, the amount of hydration before examination, the amount of pressure, examination time, or positions of subjects diagnosed with Ryodoraku incorrectly. Conclusion: There is repeatability and reproducibility of Ryodoraku diagnosis. However, it is still important that one examiner carry out the diagnosis if possible. When there are two or more examiners, they should train extensively and follow manuals.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제72권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1986

물참나무엽(葉)과 상수리나무엽(葉)의 수분특성인자(水分特性因子)의 계절변화(季節變化)를 p-v곡선법(曲線法)에 의해 측정(測定)하였다. 양수종(兩樹種)의 최대포수시(最大飽水時)의 침투압(浸透壓) ${\pi}_o$와 초기원형질(初期原形質) 분이점(分離點)의 침투압(浸透壓) ${\pi}_p$는 생육초기(生育初期)에 높고 성숙엽(成熟葉)이 되어 가면서 감소(減少)하였다. 전생육기간(全生育期間)을 통해 양수종(兩樹種)은 전수분량(全水分量)의 약(約) 10~20%의 수분(水分)을 상실(喪失)할 때 팽압(膨壓)이 0에 달(達)했다. 양수종(兩樹種)의 최대포수시(最大飽水時)의 유포(釉胞)의 탄성계수(彈性係數), Emax는 엽(葉)이 신장(伸長)함에 따라 증가(增加)하였으며, 경엽화(硬葉化)된 이후(以後)는 감소(減少)하였다. 오스몰수, Ns/DW의 위절변화(委節變化)는 물참나무엽(葉)이 상수리나무엽(葉)보다 컸으며, 상대함수율(相對含水率)(Vp/Vo, $RWC^*$, Vo/Vt)은 비교적 위절변화(委節變化)가 작았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2019

In this study, we carried out extensive in vitro studies on various concentrations of tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride and their niosomal forms against Leishmania tropica. Niosomes were prepared by the hydration method and were evaluated for morphology, size, release study, and encapsulation efficiency. This study measured leishmanicidal activity against promastigote and amastigote, apoptosis and gene expression levels of free solution and niosomal-encapsulated tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride. Span/Tween 60 niosome had good physical stability and high encapsulation efficiency (more than 97%). The release profile of the entrapped compound showed that a gradual release rate. The combination of niosomal forms on promastigote and amastigote were more effective than glucantime. Also, the niosomal form of this compound was significantly less toxic than glucantime ($P{\leq}0.05$). The flowcytometric analysis on niosomal form of drugs showed that higher number of early apoptotic event as the principal mode of action (89.13% in $200{\mu}g/ml$). Also, the niosomal compound increased the expression level of IL-12 and metacaspase genes and decreased the expression level of the IL-10 gene, which further confirming the immunomodulatory role as the mechanism of action. We observed the synergistic effects of these 2 drugs that induced the apoptotic pathways and also up regulation of an immunomodulatory role against as the main mode of action. Also, niosomal form of this combination was safe and demonstrated strong anti-leishmaniasis effects highlights further therapeutic approaches against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in future planning.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.62-74
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• 2021

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of acupuncture and the details of acupuncture treatment methods on skin wrinkles. Methods : Search was conducted in Pubmed, KISS, and NDSL databases for acupuncture studies on skin wrinkles. The detailed therapeutic techniques of acupuncture used for skin wrinkles and the effect of acupuncture on skin wrinkle improvement were analyzed. Then, the study results using the same indicator were compared through meta-analysis in order to compare the effects of acupuncture with the control group. The quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool (Ver. 1.0, Cochrane Collaboration). Results : A total of 10 RCTs and 19 case series were included in this study. The most frequently used therapeutic technique for skin wrinkle improvement was Microneedle therapy system (MTS, n=19), and they were mostly used with aesthetic solutions (13 out of 19 studies). Skin wrinkle related indexes were most commonly used to evaluate skin wrinkle improvement (n=14). Panax Ginseng pharmacopuncture showed the most remarkable effect in improving the range of skin wrinkles and the depth of skin wrinkles. MTS+epidermal growth factor improved the levels of skin hydration, skin elasticity, and variation of skin pigment the most. MTS+Endothelial precursor cell improved the number of skin melanin the most. Three RCTs included in the meta-analysis showed moderate ROB on average. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment was effective in improving skin wrinkles. However, a precise study design using unified indicators and appropriate controls needs to be performed in further studies in order to establish more convincing evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture for improving skin wrinkles.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2003

본 연구는 오이종자의 발아율 향상과 발아촉진을 위해 간편하고, 비용을 절감할 수 있는 hydropriming의 적정 환경조건을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 오이종자의 발아촉진에 최적 priming 처리제는 50 mL $NaNO_3$였다. 유근장 및 유근 건물중은 priming 처리제 종류에 따라 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, priming 및 hydropriming 종자는 무처리보다는 높았다. 그러나 50 mL $NaNO_3$와 hydropriming 처리간 발아력 증진 효과가 동일하여 오이종자에서는 물을 이용한 hydro-priming 처리가 처리비용을 절가할 수 있어 합리적인 종자처리였다. 오이종자의 hydropriming 적정 처리온도는 20$^{\circ}C$, 처리시간은 24시간이였다. Hydropriming시 종자 2g에 대한 용액량 10 mL 공급처리에서 발아율이 향상되었고 발아촉진에 좋아 적정 용액량이라고 판단되었다. 인위노화 종자는 발아율이 감소하였고 $T_{50}$ 및 MDG는 지연되었으며, 비정상적인 발아는 증가하였다. 활력이 저하된 조화종자를 ,hydropriming한 처리는 발아율이 향상되었고, 조기 발아하였다. 또한 비정상인 발아는 감소되었으며, 유근생장이 촉진되어 발아력이 부분적으로 회복되었다. 이러한 경향은 노화일수가 경과된 종자일수록, 부적당한 발아조건인 15$^{\circ}C$에서 현저하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The use of environmentally friendly construction methods has been recently encouraged to reduce fuel consumption and the effects of global warming. For this purpose, the roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) construction method has been developed. RCCP is more environmentally friendly and economically efficient than general concrete by reducing the amount of CO2 generated through the application of a smaller amount of cement. RCCP has a number of advantages such as an easy construction method, low cost, high structural hydration performance, and aggregate interlocking. However, mix design standards and construction guidelines of RCCP are required for domestic application. In addition, a study on aggregate selection, which has an effect on the characteristics of RCCP, is necessary owing to a limited number of researches. Thus, the aggregate effect on the performance of RCCP in securing the required strength and workability was evaluated in consideration of domestic construction. METHODS : Sand and coarse aggregates of both 19mm and 13mm in maximum size were used in this study. Four types of aggregate gradations (s/a = 30%, 58%, and 70% for the sand and coarse aggregate of 19mm in maximum size, and s/a = 50% for a combination of the three types of aggregates) were set up to investigate the effects of the PCA band on the RCC characteristics. The conditions of s/a = 30% and 70% were evaluated to check the gradation effect outside of the recommended band. The conditions of s/a = 58% and 50% were used because they are the optimum combination of the two and three types of aggregates, respectively. RCCP gradation band was suggested gradation with a proper construction method of RCCP by synthetically comparing and analyzing the correlation of optimum water content, maximum dry density, and strength of requirements through its consistency and compaction test. RESULTS : The lower and upper limit lines are insufficient to secure a relatively strong development and workability compared to an aggregate gradation in the RCCP gradation band region. On the other hand, the line in the RCCP gradation band and the 0.45 power curve in the RCCP gradation band region were satisfactory, ensuring the required strength and workability. CONCLUSIONS : The suitable aggregate gradation on RCCP process should meet the RCCP gradation band area; however, fine particles passing through a #60 sieve do not need to be within the recommended gradation band because the influence of this region on such fine particles is small.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

최근 건설 시공기술의 발달에 따라 고유동 고강도화된 고성능 콘크리트의 사용이 일반화되고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 고성능 콘크리트는 일반 콘크리트에 비해 혼화재 및 고성능AE감수제의 사용 등을 통해 요구 성능을 확보할 수 있으며, 기존의 경우 고성능 콘크리트의 품질 변동에 미치는 혼화재료의 영향에 대해 다양한 연구 결과는 보고되고 있다. 그러나, 콘크리트의 가장 중요한 원자재인 시멘트가 고유동 콘크리트 품질에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 보고는 아직은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 시멘트 품질과 고유동 콘크리트의 유동 특성의 상관성을 검토하기 위해 국내 시판중인 시멘트 제품들을 대상으로 제품별 품질 특성을 명확히 구명하고, 시멘트 품질 특성이 고유동 콘크리트 제조시 유동 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 연구 결과 분말도 및 시멘트의 초기 수화과정에 관여하는 화학조성, 간극상 등은 감수제의 사용량에 영향을 미치며, 특히, 분말도는 제조사별 품질 특성에 상관없이 매우 높은 상관성을 나타내고 있다. 강도발현특성에 있어서는 감수제 사용량의 변화는 초기 재령에 영향을 미치지만 장기재령에서는 거의 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2016

Background: Patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) who receive radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) are released from isolation when their dose rate is below the regulatory requirements. The purpose of this study was establish predicting factors for early release from the isolation facility after RAI administration in patients with DTC. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which included 96 (58 females and 38 males) patients with DTC who had received RAI from April 2013 till August 2015. The study was duly approved by the ethical committee of the institute. Patients who had complete information of primary tumor size (PTS), serum TSH, stimulated thyroglobulin level [sTg] with antibodies (IU/ml) at the time of RAI treatment were included. All had a normal serum creatinine level. To attain lower effective half-life good hydration and administration of soft laxative were ensured. Dose rate was measured (immediately, 24 h and 36 h) at 1 meter distance from anterior mid trunk and a dose rate <$50{\mu}Sv/h$ was considered as the releasing criterion. At 24 h 50 patients were released while the remaining 46 patients were released at 36 h. A post-ablative whole body scan (PA-WBIS) was performed 5-8 days after RAI ablation in all patients. Results: Patients released after 24 h were significantly younger, had smaller lesions with higher proportion of papillary cancer, lower sTg, lower sTg/TSH ratio and had received a lower dose of RAI as comapred to those who were discharged after 36 h. Serum TSH and gender were not found to have any significant correlation between two cohorts. ROC and multivariate analysis have shown age ${\leq}37years$, PTS ${\leq}3.8cm$, $RAI{\leq}150mCi$, $sTg{\leq}145ng/ml$ and $sTg/TSH{\leq}1.085$ as strong indepedent predictors for early release. Conclusions: We conclude that younger age (${\leq}37years$), smaller tumor size (${\leq}3.8cm$), lower RAI dose (${\leq}150mCi$), lower sTg (${\leq}145ng/ml$) and a lower sTg/TSH ratio (${\leq}1.085$) are significant independent predictors for release at 24 h after RAI treatment in DTC patients. Effective utilization of these factors could help the treating physicians to use limited number of internment facilities with higher throughput, lower cost and lower psychological stress to patients.