• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2003

Two quinazolone alkaloids, (+)-febrifugine (1) and isofebrifugine (2), along with three coumarin derivatives, 6-hydroxy coumarin (3), skimmin (5), and $umbelliferone-7-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (6), were isolated from the roots of Hydrangea chinensis. Compound 6 is a new compound. In addition, umbelliferone (4), linoleic acid (7), two steroidal glycosides (8, 9), three furfural derivatives (10-12), and butyl-$\beta$-D-fructofuranoside (13) were isolated from the leaves of the same plant. The structures of all isolates were elucidated by spectral methods.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2003

Quinazolinones, 2-substituted and 3-substituted, mainly synthesized by microwave irradiation, were subjected to anti-platelet aggregation and inhibition of superoxide anion generation assays. Interestingly, 2-phenyl-4-quinazolinone (4) exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward platelet aggregation and neutrophil activation, and it might therefore serve as a prototype lead compound.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1995

We investigated the seasonal changes flower color of 163 deciduous woody landscape plants in the Suwon region from January 1, 1992 to March 20, 1993. The results were as follows; 1. By the month of anthesis of woody landscape plants, only one plant of Hamamelis japonica flowered in February, 15 species in March, 48 species in April, 63 species in May, 23 species in June, 12 species in July, and one plant of Hydrangea paniculata was flowered in August. 2. The flowering period was about 220 days from February 24, 1992 that Hamamelis japonica was anthesis to October 5, 1992 when Hydrangea paniculata was deblossomed. 3. By the flowering period of woody landscape plants, 81 species continued for 11 days through 20 days, and Rosa spp., 118 days, Hibiscus syriacus 'Yungkwang', 80 days, Largerstroemia indica, 65 days, and 6 species continued for 41 through 60 days, 10 species were 31 through 40 days, 43 species were 21 through 30 days, and 20 species were for less than 11 days. 4. The woody landscape plants flowering before leaf spreading, Hamamelis japonica, Abeliophyllum distichum, Prunus mume 'Hwahyangmi', Prunus mume 'Baekkaha', Lindera obtusiloba, Cornus officinalis, Prunus armeniaca. The others were plants with leaves spreading white flowering; Forsythia ovata 'Tetra gold', Forsythia ovata, Corylus hetrophylla, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Magnolia denudata, Forsythia koreana 'Seoul Gold', Forsythia koreana, Magnolia stellata, Acer negundo 'Elegans', Magnolia kobus, Forsythia viridissima 'Bronxensis', Prunus yedoensis, Prunus leveilleana var. pendula, Prunus persica for. albiplena, Prunus tomentosa, Prunus persia, Magnolia liliflora, Prunus glandulosa for. sinensis, Cercis chinensis, Poncirus trifoliata. 5. In terms of flower color based on KBS standard color number, 83 species were white, 44 species wer red, 21 species were yellow, 12 species were violet, and 3 species were green. 6. In terms of the flower color by month. Hamamelis japonica was yellow February. Flower colors in March were : yellow-7 species, red-3 species and white-5 species. Flower colors in April were : White-21 species, red-19 species and yellow-6 species. Flower colors in May were : White-36 species, red-16 species. The white flowers in June were 16 species. Flower colors in July were : white-4 species, red-4 species. 7. The white flower color of woody landscape plants of trees was 35 species. The red flower color was 18 species, yellow flower color was 5 species, violet flower color was 2 species, and green flower color was 3 species. Also the white flower color of woody landscape plants of shrubs was 48 species, red flower color was 25 species, yellow flower color was 17 species and violet flower color was 10 species. 8. The new 'Cultivars' of woody landscape plants are needed to introduced the development of planting design. 9. Present data of illustrated books of plants should be checked by new data that was studied in this research.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2020

This study is to present the basic data for the conservation and management of natural resources of National Park by understanding the ecological characteristics of special protected areas located in Tohamsan District, Gyeongju National Park, South Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 106 taxa including 47 families, 79 genera, 96 species, 1 subspecies, 7 varieties and 2 forms. For status by sites, there were 59, 50 and 55 taxa in A area(Pedicularis ishidoyana), B area(Millettia japonica) and C area(Cypripedium macranthos), respectively. In the dominant species, the tree layer was Quercus serrata(A area), Platycarya strobilacea and Pinus koraiensis(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(C area), the subtree layer was Carpinus cordata and Quercus serrata(A area), Pinus koraiensis and Castanea crenata(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(C area), the 1^st shrub layer was Toxicodendron trichocarpum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii(A area), Lindera erythrocarpa and Styrax japonicus(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Lindera erythrocarpa(C area), 2^nd shrub layer was Styrax obassis and Lespedeza maximowiczii(A area), Lespedeza maximowiczii and Rhododendron mucronulatum(B area) and Lindera erythrocarpa(C area), the herbaceous layer was Athyrium yokoscense, Dryopteris chinensis, Dryopteris lacera and Lindera obtusiloba(A area), Athyrium yokoscense, Millettia japonica, Carex humilis Leyss. var. nana and Carex ciliato-marginata(B area) and Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. subsp. serrata, Ajuga spectabilis and Oplismenus undulatifolius(C area).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2011

This study was carried out to survey and analyze the transition of landscape plants on an apartment complexes in the 1990's and 2000's. The results are summarized as follows; The ratio of landscape area was increased from 30.0% to 34.7%. The number of trees per 100 square meter decreased from 22.5 to 15.7. The number of shrub per 10 square meter increased from 19.3 to 38.7. Species of Evergreen tree were increased 21 to 39. The species that a lot of use continuously were Pinus densiflora, Pinus strobus and Taxus cuspidata. The species that increase use were Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Pinus parviflora, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis and Thuja orientalis. The species that do not use were Cedrus deodara. Species of deciduous tree were increased 42 to 68. The species that a lot of use continuously were Zelkova serrata, Acer palmatum, Diospyros kaki, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus yedoensis. The species that increase use were Lagerstroemia indica, Chionanthus retusa, Cornus officinalis, Styrax japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus mume, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Acer triflorum, Prunus sargentii, Chaenomeles sinensis and Cornus kousa. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Malus spp., Ginkgo biloba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis, Platanus orientalis and Albizzia julibrissin. The species that do not use were Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia coreana. Species of shrub were incresed 39 to 65. The species that a lot of use continuously were Buxus koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Syringa dilatata and Euonymus japonica. The species that increase use were Rhododendron indicum, Ilex serrata, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Kerria japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Euonymus alatus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Nandina domestica, Cornus alba, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Prunus tomentosa, Deutzia parviflora and Pyracantha angustifolia. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Hibiscus syriacus, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Chaenomeles lagenaria and Rosa spp. The species that do not use were Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Jasminum nudiflorum and Sasa borealis.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제1권
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• pp.115-198
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• 1987

The present studies were undertaken to elucidate the influence of auxins, auxin-like substance-ethychlozate ("Figaron"),and pH and sort of rooting media on rooted propagation of certainornamental woody plant cuttings, and to see possible changes in internal compositions characterizing after root-promoting treatment as the cutting stage proceeded. The experimental check-up srevealed and summarized as seen in the following;I. Effect of three different auxin treatments on rooting cuttings: 1) Promotive influence of auxin varied according to different concentration levels, hours of dipping treatment of the auxins, and kind of plants. The greatest effect was obtained for Forsythia ksreana with NAA and IBA, for Ligustrurn obtusifolium var. variegatum with NAA and ethychlozate, for Hydrangea macrophylla, Magnolia kobus, and Magnolia liliflora with NAA, lBA and ethychlozate also. The most effective level of the promotive agents was found 200mg/l for NAA, 1000mg/l for IBA, and 200mg/l for ethychlozate. For Weigela florida and Gardenia jasminoides, range of the most effective level was shown relatively wide spread. 2) NAA was more effective at its optimal level of the rooting agent than ethychiozate for Weigela florida, Viburnum awabuki, Forsythia koreana, Acer palmatum 'Nomura', Bouga invillea glabra, Elaeagnus umbellata, Prunus tomentosa, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Pyracantha coccinea, Cestrum noctu rnum, Hydrangea macrophylla, Codiaeum variegatum, Rhododen dron lateritium, and Ilex crenata var. macrophylla, and yet ethychlozate was found either as equally as effective or more so than NAA for Zebrina pendula, Hibiscus syriacus, Fatshedera lizei, Schefflera arboricola, Campsis grandiflo ra, Ixora chinensis, Euonymus japonica, and Magnolia liliflora. On the contrary, no the auxin effect was noted with Lagerstroemia indica, Trachelospermum asiaticum, and Syringa vulgaris. This probably indicates that these species are genetically different for the auxin response.II. Effect of different pH and sorts of cutting media on rooting cuttings: 1) Bougainvillea showed best in rooting for the number and dry weight at pH 6.5, more with ethychlozate than NAA, while Ligustrum did at pH 5.0 more with NAA than ethychlozate. pH 4.0 medium resulted in the best rooting for Rhododendron with NAA, more than ethychlozate. 2) Use of cutting medium with peat: perlite: vermiculite = 1:1:1 showed to give the greatest rooting percent and dry weight, apart from considering the number of roots. This apparently meant the fact that cutting medium has more to do with root growth than root differentiation. Rhododendron yet showed results with cutting media that use of peat: perlite = 2:1 mixed is more effective on rooting than using peat alone.III. Effect of auxinic treatments on rooting cuttings and change in some cutting compositions: 1) Under the climatic conditions of July having temperature $26.3\pm$$2.4^{\circ}C$for cutting bed, new roots of Magnolia started to show up generally 20 days after the cutting was made, whereas Cestrum did much earlier than that, namely 14 days after. 2) Although total carbohydrate content of Magnolia cuttings showed no marked change without auxin treatment, it did so with the treatment, especially 30 days after the start of cutting. Cestrum cuttings demonstrated a gradual in crease in total carbohydrate content as rooting took place, and the content became reduced more with auxin than with out, just about when rooting proceeded to 14 days after the start of cutting. 3) Magnolia generally showed an increase in total nitrogen content as rooting proceeded more, and Cestrum showed a decrease in total nitrogen of cuttings. The auxin treatment exhibited no pertinent relation with change in plant nitro gen when rooting is promoted with auxin treatment. 4) An abrupt drop of total sugar and reducing sugar was noticed as Magnolia rooting started, and this reduction was parti cularly outstanding with auxin treatment. Starch content also was decreased in the later stage of cutting with auxin treatment, and was rather increased without auxin. Although sugar content soon increased as cutting started with auxin treatment in the case of Cestrum, it became reduced after rooting took place. 5) Total phenol content increased with rooting, and this was especially true when rooting started. This increase was reversed somehow regardless of auxin treatment. A decrease in phenol of Magnolia was found more striking with auxin than without in the later stage of the cutting period. 6)Avena coleoptile test for auxin-like substances presented the physiologically active factor is more in easy-to-root Magnolia liliflora than hard-to-root Magnolia kobus, and the activity of auxin-like substances was much increased with auxin treatment. The increase in the growth promoting substances was markedly pronounced when rooting just started. The active growth substances decreased in the later stage of cutting, and certain inhibitory substances started appearing. Cestrum also showed physiologically similar growth promoting substances accompanying auxin-like active substances if auxin is treated, and some strong inhibitory substances seemed to appear in the later stage of cutting. 7) Mung-bean-rooting test indicated biologically that endogenous growth substances in Magnolia all promoted mung-bean rooting, and activity of the growth substances apparently stimulated mung-bean rooting with auxin more than without. Here auxin treatment seemed to give a rise to an increased activity of endogenous growth substances in cuttings. This activity was found much greater with either NAA or IBA than ethychlozate, and showed its peak of the activity when rooting first started taking place. Certain inhibitory substances for Avena coleoptile growth strongly promoted mung-bean rooting, and it was also much like in the case of Cestrum.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.635-653
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• 2012

제주시 지역 18개 오름의 관속식물은 116과 301속 359종 3아종 78변종 및 14품종으로 총 454분류군으로 조사되었다. 조사된 오름은 해발 800m 이내로 상록수림은 분포하지 않고 곰솔림이나 삼나무와 편백 조림지가 많았다. 제주시지역 18개 오름의 고유종은 개족도리풀, 새끼노루귀, 벌깨냉이 등 14종이 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 총 116분류군으로, V등급종은 목련, 한라돌쩌귀, 갯취 등 6종, IV등급종은 섬딸기, 버들쥐똥나무, 청피사초 등 16종, III등급종은 붓순나무, 등수국, 가시복분자딸기 등 37종, II등급종은 참개별꽃, 돌양지꽃, 회목나무 등 6종 그리고 I등급종은 바위고사리, 봉의꼬리, 후박나무 등 51종이 확인되었다. 산림청 희귀종은 개족도리풀, 한라돌쩌귀 및 목련 등 11종이었다. 귀화식물은 애기수영, 서양금혼초, 등심붓꽃 등 31분류군이 확인되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권1호
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• pp.48-62
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• 2016

본 연구는 덕유산국립공원 향적봉 및 중봉 아고산대를 대상으로 총 48개소의 고정방형구를 설치하여 Z-M 식물사회학적 방법으로 군락유형분류와 임분 구조를 분석하였던 바, 신갈나무군락군에서 군락단위로 가문비나무군락, 까치박달군락, 피나무군락으로 분류되었으며 가문비나무군락은 물참대군, 백당나무군으로 세분되었다. 군단위로 물참대군은 복장나무소군과 까치밥나무소군으로 세분되었으며, 백당나무군은 각시원추리소군과 귀룽나무소군으로 세분되었다. 중요치를 분석한 결과, 교목층을 구성하는 주요 종으로는 신갈나무(23.9%), 구상나무(14.7%), 주목(10.2%), 가문나무(8.2%), 사스래나무(7.4%)로 나타났으며, 아교목층은 시닥나무(18.6%), 당단풍나무(18.4%), 신갈나무(8.9%)로 나타났으며, 관목층은 철쭉(20.7%), 당단풍나무(17.4%), 노린재나무(8.5%)로 나타났다. 식생단위 1의 지표종은 산수국, 들메나무, 물참대와 같은 아고산의 적습한 계곡부 또는 전석지 환경을 선호하는 종들이 나타났다. 종다양도는 식생단위 1, 4, 5는 생육환경이 이질적이고 복잡하거나 국소적인 교란이 있었을 것으로 사료된다. 가문비나무군락의 하위단위인 복장나무아군, 까치밥나무아군, 각시원추리아군, 귀룽나무아군의 식생단위 1, 2, 3, 4는 유사도 지수가 0.5 이상으로 식생단위 간 유사도가 높은 경향으로 나타나, 식생단위 간 구성종의 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2010

본 연구는 삼보사찰인 해인사, 통도사, 송광사에 식재되어 있는 식물종과 식재특성을 분석함으로써 한국의 전통식재양식에 대한 기초이론을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 삼보사찰의 식재종은 57과 96속110종 12변종 7품종 등 총 129분류군으로 확인되었다. 불교와 관련된 식물종은 불두화, 수국, 파초이며, 이들은 식물형태, 불교의식 등과 연관성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 성상 분석 결과, 교목 34.1%, 관목 33.3%, 만경 3.9%, 초본 28.7%로 분석되었다. 낙엽 유무에 따른 분석 결과, 낙엽활엽 56분류군, 상록활엽 27분류군, 상록침엽 14분류군으로 확인되었다. 자생종의경우, 해인사 32분류군, 통도사 27분류군, 송광사 44분류군이며, 외래종의 경우 해인사 20분류군, 통도사 28분류군, 송광사 44분류군으로 나타났다. 식재특성 분석 결과, 해인사 일주문의 경우 전나무가 열식되어 있었고, 해탈문 화계의 경우 백목련 이 단식으로 식재되어 있었으며, 적묵당 화계의 경우 개비자나무가 일정 간격으로 식재되었다. 대적광전의 경우, 중앙 계단을 중심으로 양쪽에 자목련이 대식되어 있어 균형감과 정형미를 유지하고 있었다. 통도사의 경우, 일주문에는 팽나무, 느티나무 등이 식재되어 있었으며, 영산전의 경우 오죽이 차폐식재되어 있었다. 황화각은 건물 중앙 전면부에 대칭식재되어 있었으며, 대광명전은 혼합식재형태를 하고 있었다. 송광사 일주문 주변에는 일정한 식재형태는 나타나지 않았으며, 도성당의 경우 산수유가 서쪽에 열식된 형태를 하고 있었다. 관음전의 경우 옥향과 동백나무가 대칭식재되어 있었고, 대웅보전 정면에는 수령이 오래된 수목들이 표본식재되어 있었다.