• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1190-1195
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• 2007

This study was conducted to improve efficiency of a follicle culture system without reducing developmental competence of intrafollicular oocytes. Preantral follicles (100 to $125{\mu}m$ in diameter) of F1 hybrid (B6CBAF1) mice were cultured singly for 216 h in modified ${\alpha}$-MEM-glutamax medium, to which 2.5 IU/ml hCG and epidermal growth factor was added 16 h prior to the end of culture. Medium change was either performed three times (54 h interval), twice (72 h interval), once (108 h interval), or not at all (216 h interval). Maturation (progression to the metaphase II stage) of intrafollicular oocytes was detected from 4 days after culture in the three-times change treatment, while all treatments yielded mature oocytes from day 5 of culture. Compared with the three-times change, decreasing the change frequency to once did not reduce the capacity to begin maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown of 82 to 86%), to mature (78 to 79%) and to develop into blastocysts after parthenogenetic activation (29 to 32%). Morphological parameters were similar among these treatments. Except for the no medium change treatment, similar colony-forming activity of inner cell mass cells after culturing of blastocysts in leukemia inhibitory factor-containing medium was detected, while the morphology of the colony-forming cells deteriorated in the change-once treatment compared with the change twice or three-times. In conclusion, the efficiency of the preantral follicle culture system could be improved by reducing frequency of medium change up to a 72 h interval (three times in total 216 h culture) without decreasing developmental competence of oocytes.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.7-21
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• 2000

This paper describes an overview of the thixoforming and thixomolding processes. Semi-solid metalworking (SSM), which is called the thixoforming process of aluminium materials, incorporates the elements of both casting and for the manufacture of near net shape parts. The SSM has some advantages such as net shape or near net shape manufacturing, the ability to form thin walls, excellent surface finish, tight tolerance, and excellent dimensional precision. The thixomolding process of Mg alloy (AZ9l) is a combination of two technologies both conventional die casting and plastic injection molding. The feed material used is a machined chip with a geometry of approximately 1 mm square and a length of 2~3 mm. The semi-solid forming (SSF) of high quality aluminium and magnesium parts will be established in the automotive and electronic industry, in the future. The hybrid method of casting/forging has been caused attention. This process uses a preformed material made by casting instead of the wrought material and finishes it by a single forging process. This process is expected to lower costs without sacrificing the mechanical and finishes it by a single forging process. The process is expected to lower costs without sacrificing the mechanical properties. The authors, intending that the casting/forging process contributes to a reduction in production cost of aluminum automotive parts in Korea, describes the feature of the casting/forging process, aluminum alloys suitable for the cast preform, microstructure and mechanical properties of the cast preform, application examples of cast/forging, and further study.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3690-3694
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• 2013

The $H_2Ge=Ge:$ and its derivatives ($X_2Ge=Ge:$, X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar${\ldots}{\ldots}$) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reactions is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Cl2Ge=Ge: and formaldehyde has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/$6-31G^*$ method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has only one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a fourmembered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge: atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene and the ${\pi}$ orbital of formaldehyde forming a ${\pi}{\rightarrow}p$ donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge: atom in intermediate hybridizes to an $sp^3$ hybrid orbital after transition state, then, intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Ge-heterocyclic ring compound via a transition state. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between $H_2Ge=Ge:$ and formaldehyde, and laid the theory foundation of the cycloaddition reaction between $H_2Ge=Ge:$ and its derivatives ($X_2Ge=Ge:$, X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar${\ldots}{\ldots}$) and asymmetric ${\pi}$-bonded compounds, which is significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Ge-heterocyclic compounds. The study extends research area and enriches the research content of germylene chemistry.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.927-932
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 두 개의 빔 형성을 위한 $4{\times}1$ 배열 안테나에 급전할 수 있는 새로운 $4{\times}4$ Hadamard 행렬 급전 장치를 제안한다. 만약 배열 안테나의 각 안테나를 Hadamard 행렬의 각 행으로 급전을 하면 두 개의 빔을 형성하게 된다. 두 빔 사이의 각도는 행렬의 적절한 행을 선택함으로써 조절할 수 있다. Hadamard 행렬의 급전 구조는 네 개의 $90^{\circ}$ 하이브리드, 한 개의 크로스오버, 네 개의 $90^{\circ}$ 위상 변위기가 사용된다. 마이크로스트립 표면에 Hadamard 행렬을 포함한 배열 안테나를 제작하였으며, 측정된 안테나의 주 빔 방향은 입력 포트의 선택에 따라 각각 $0^{\circ}$, ${\pm}15^{\circ}$, ${\pm}33^{\circ}$, ${\pm}45^{\circ}$가 되었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2012년도 추계총회 및 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.4-4
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• 2012

Proteins enable biology to be viable through molecular interactions (such as in antigen-antibody, ligand-receptor, and drug-target) with

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 강 - PC 복합모듈 골조를 구성하는 프레스 성형된 비대칭 기둥과 보 접합부의 구조적 성능을 평가하는 것이다. 모듈러 골조를 구성하는 대부분의 접합부는 폐쇄형의 사각형 강재 기둥 단면을 주로 사용한다. 폐쇄형의 기둥 단면을 사용한 기둥-보 접합부는 시공성을 감소시키고 내화성을 확보하는데 어려움이 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 강판을 프레스로 성형하여 비대칭 개방형 단면 내에 콘크리트를 충진하는 것이다. 프레스 성형된 비대칭 기둥-보 접합부의 구조적 성능을 조사하기 위해 총 4개의 실험체를 제작하였다. 실험결과, 비대칭 기둥의 구조적 성능과 거동이 비대칭 기둥 단면이 합성되는지 또는 기둥의 폭-두께 비율에 따라 달라지는지를 보여주었다. 프레스 성형된 비대칭 기둥-보 접합부의 구조적 성능은 실험결과와 이론식을 비교하여 평가하였다.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2006

산화-환원 활성 단백질중에 하나인 설피레독신과의 결합 단백질을 효모 Two-hybrid 기법을 이용하여 탐색한 결과, 알파-만노시다제가 설피레독신과 특이적으로 결합함을 밝혔다. 알파-만노시다제는 D-만노스 당을 비환원성 말단으로부터 유리시키는 가수분해 효소로서, 세포 원형질에 다량체 형태로 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 설피레독신과 알파-만노시다제간의 단백질결합을 설피레독신의 새로운 생리기능 관점에서 토의했다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.595-602
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• 2003

본 논문은 표준 셀을 효율적으로 배치하는 하이브리드 기법을 제시한다. 제시한 기법에서는 레이아웃 영역을 n${\times}$m 그리드로 분할하고, 분할된 그리드의 각 빈에 셀을 배치함으로 광역 배치를 얻는다. 광역배치를 얻은 후 Relaxation-Based Local Search (RBLS)라 불리는 해석적 최적 기법[12］을 사용하여 배치를 개선시킨다. 이 기법을 사용하면 배치 전체를 개괄적으로 볼 수 있게 되어 배치가 국부 최적에 빠지지 않도록 할 수 있다. 이 기법의 핵심은 중복을 해결하기 위한 매우 효율적인 적법화 알고리즘이라고 볼 수 있는데, 이에 대해 본 논문은 자세히 설명한다. 광역배치가 더 이상 개선되지 않으면 이를 상세 배치로 변환시킨다. 상세 배치를 얻은 후“최적 인터리빙”이라 불리는 기법[13］을 사용하여 이를 더욱 개선시킨다. MCNC 벤치마킹 회로에 대한 실험 결과는［14]에서 보여준 Feng Shui의 결과와 필적할 만하다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2017

CrN coatings have been used as protective coatings for cutting tools, forming tools, and various tribological machining applications because these coatings have high hardness. Cr-Al-N coatings have been investigated to improve the properties of CrN coatings. Cr-Al-N coatings were fabricated by a hybrid physical vapor deposition method consisting of unbalanced magnetron sputtering and arc ion plating with different working pressure and substrate bias voltage. The phase analysis of the composition was performed using XRD (x-ray diffraction). Cr-Al-N coatings were grown with textured CrN phase and (111), (200), and (220) planes. The adhesion strength of the coatings tested by scratch test increased. The friction coefficient and removal rate of the coatings were measured by a ball-on-disk test. The friction coefficient and removal rate of the coatings decreased from 0.46. to 0.22, and from $2.00{\times}10^{-12}m^2/N$ to $1.31{\times}10^{-13}m^2/N$, respectively, with increasing bias voltage. The tribological properties of the coatings increased with increasing substrate bias voltage.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.242-257
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated periodontal ligament (PDL) restoration in osseointegrated implants using stem cells. Methods: Commercial pure titanium and zirconium oxide (zirconia) were coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using a long-pulse Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm). Isolated bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMSCs) from rabbit tibia and femur, isolated PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) from the lower right incisor, and co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs were tested for periostin markers using an immunofluorescent assay. Implants with 3D-engineered tissue were implanted into the lower right central incisors after extraction from rabbits. Forty implants (Ti or zirconia) were subdivided according to the duration of implantation (healing period: 45 or 90 days). Each subgroup (20 implants) was subdivided into 4 groups (without cells, PDLSC sheets, BMMSC sheets, and co-culture cell sheets). All groups underwent histological testing involving haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, stereoscopic analysis to measure the PDL width, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The natural lower central incisors were used as controls. Results: The BMMSCs co-cultured with PDLSCs generated a well-formed PDL tissue that exhibited positive periostin expression. Histological analysis showed that the implantation of coated (Ti and zirconia) dental implants without a cell sheet resulted in a well-osseointegrated implant at both healing intervals, which was confirmed with FESEM analysis and negative periostin expression. The mesenchymal tissue structured from PDLSCs only or co-cultured (BMMSCs and PDLSCs) could form a natural periodontal tissue with no significant difference between Ti and zirconia implants, consequently forming a biohybrid dental implant. Green fluorescence for periostin was clearly detected around the biohybrid implants after 45 and 90 days. FESEM showed the invasion of PDL-like fibres perpendicular to the cementum of the bio-hybrid implants. Conclusions: β-TCP-coated (Ti and zirconia) implants generated periodontal tissue and formed biohybrid implants when mesenchymal-tissue-layered cell sheets were isolated from PDLSCs alone or co-cultured BMMSCs and PDLSCs.