• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1992

Interspecific fusion products were obtained by protoplast fusion induced by polyethylene glycol, from auxotrophic mutants, Pleurotus cornucopiae and P. florida. The fusants were classified into allodiploidy, stable heterokaryon, and spontaneously segregated heterokaryons. Fruiting body of the clamped or clampless fusants was produced by light-dark cycle on the sawdust medium in glass bottles. Most of these clampless fusants produced mature basidiocarps. The pilei showed various mixed colors resembling the parents. All fruit bodies presented clamp connections except two fusants. When small tissues of stipe from basidiocarps were cultured on a complete medium, mycelial colonies grew more vigorously than that of the original clampless fusants. Five fusants in three crosses were analysed with the distribution of progenies and segregation of genetic characters by random spore analyses. The genetic markers were shown to segregate and recombine in the first generation of monospores isolated from basidiocarps. The analysis indicated the heter-okar-yosis and strong evidence for haploidy of vegetative nuclei, a sexual cycle consisting of nuclear fusion and meiosis. Genotypes of a large number of auxotiophic progenies were not detected. The aberration ratio of segregants indicated the gene interaction resulting from different genome structure between vegetatively incompatible species.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 2000

Recently a new generation of crown and bridge veneering resins containing submicron glass fillers was introduced. These ultrasmall particle hybrid composite materials distinguish themselves, compared with conventional microfill crown and bridge resins, through improved mechanical properties. It is claimed that these composites are suitable for metal free crowns and even bridges using fiber reinforcement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling on the tensile strength of the following veneering composites: Artglass(Heraeus Kulzer Co., Wehrheim, Germany), Estonia(Kuraray Co.. Japan), Sculpture(Jeneric Pentron Co., Wallingford, U.S.A.), and Targis(Ivoclar Co., Schaan Liechenstein). According to manufacturer's instructions, rectangular tensile test specimens measuring $1.5{\times}2.0{\times}4.5mm$ were made using a teflon mold. Whole specimens were divided into two groups. One group was dried in a desiccator at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days, and another group was subjected to thermal cycling($10,000{\times}$) in water($5/55^{\circ}C$). All test specimens were placed in a universal testing machine and loaded until fracture with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Weibull analysis and Tukey's test were used to analyze the data. The fracture surfaces of specimens were observed in SEM and the aliphatic C=C absorbance peak of Estenia and Targis resin was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. Within the limitations imposed in this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Both in drying condition and thermal cycling condition, the highest tensile strength was observed in Estenia testing group(p<0.05). 2. The strength data were at to single-mode Weibull distribution, and the Weibull modulus of all veneering composite resin specimens increased after thermal cycling treatment. 3. After thermal cycling test, the highest tensile strength was observed in the Estenia group, and the lowest value was observed in the Targis group. The tensile strength values showed the significant differences between each group(p<0.05) 4. The aliphatic C=C absorbance peak of Estonia and Targis resin was decreased after light curing, and there was no distinct change after thermal cycling.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.706-715
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• 2004

In this paper, to decide the watermark embedding positions and embed the watermark we use the subband tee structure which is presented in the wavelet domain and the edge information in the spatial domain. The significant frequency region is estimated by the subband searching from the higher frequency subband to the lower frequency subband. LH1 subband which has the higher frequency in tree structure of the wavelet domain is divided into 4${\times}$4 submatrices, and the threshold which is used in the watermark embedding is obtained by the blockmatrix which is consists by the average of 4${\times}$4 submatrices. Also the watermark embedding position, Keymap is generated by the blockmatrix for the energy distribution in the frequency domain and the edge information in the spatial domain. The watermark is embedded into the wavelet coefficients using the Keymap and the random sequence generated by LFSR(Linear feedback shift register). Finally after the inverse wavelet transform the watermark embedded image is obtained. the proposed watermarking algorithm showed PSNR over 2㏈ and had the higher results from 2％ to 8％ in the comparison with the previous research for the attack such as the JPEG compression and the general image processing just like blurring, sharpening and gaussian noise.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.365-397
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• 2020

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing at Apsan park, we surveyed from April in 2018 to October in 2019. The flora of Apsan park was classified as a total of 721 taxa comprising of 114 families, 382 genus, 619 species, 5 subspecies, 77 varieties, 12 forma, 5 hybrid, 3 cultivation. Among them, The Rare plants species 23 taxa, endemic plants 15 taxa, floristic regional indicator plants 98 taxa, naturalized plants 57 taxa were recorded. The percentage of urbanization index was 17.76%, the naturalized ratio was 7.91%, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.896-905
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• 2004

In this paper, the design, fabrication and experiment on a planar array antenna with a flat-topped radiation pattern for a mobile base station antenna were described. The current distribution of an antenna aperture, which is easily realizable in a feeding network compared with the conventional one of sin(x)/x was optimized for shaping a desired flat-topped radiation pattern. The planar array antenna designed in this paper has a rectangular lattice and is composed of array elements of 16${\times}$8. Each radiating element, which is a microstrip element fed coaxially, has a linear vertical polarization and the feed network which use a Wilkinson power divider and a 180$^{\circ}$ ring hybrid coupler as a base element is designed. The flat-topped radiation pattern with 90$^{\circ}$ is shaped by 16 array elements with the element spacing of 0.55 λ$_{ο}$ in the azimuth plane, and the normal radiation pattern with 10$^{\circ}$ is shaped by 8 array elements with the element spacing of 0.65 λ$_{ο}$ in the elevation plane. Also, the planar array antenna is symmetrically divided into four parts. It consists of one hundred-twenty-eight radiating elements, thirty-two 1-4 column dividers, low 1-8 row dividers and one 1-4 input power divider. In order to verify electrical performances of the planar way antenna proposed in this paper, the experimental breadboard operated in tile band of 1.92～2.17 GHz(IMT2000 band) was fabricated, and its experimental results were a good agreement with simulation ones.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Two strains Pleurotus eryngii 'Aeryni' and 'Na' carrying superior traits of a pileus and a earliness of harvest were selected to improve previously bred strains by single crosses. New hybrid, Aeryni 3 (Aeryni10 ${\times}$ Na5) showed superiority to other hybrids in yield, fruit body shape and days for harvest. The new strain, Aeryni 3 was harvested earlier than Keunneutari No. 2 by 2~3 days, and yielded 110.5 g/bottle (850 mL) which was 108% of that of Keunneutari No. 2. The ratio of diameter of pileus and stipe was 1.8 indicating that new stain will be likely low damage rate of fruit body during a distribution, and that was better than 2.1 of Keunneutari No. 2. A sensory test of taste of the new strain showed that 84.7% of evaluation panels selected "very good" while that of Keunneutari No. 2 was 55.5%. In purchasing intent test, 86.9% of panels will buy the new stain whereas 46.8% will buy Keunneutari No. 2 implicating that the new strain will likely be more marketability than previously bred strain.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.11
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• pp.1094-1103
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• 2012

Recently, software industry regarding national defense increases system development of distributed simulation system of M&S based to overcome limit of resource and expense. It is one of key technologies for offering of mutual validation among objects and reuse of objects which are discussed for developing these systems. RTI, implementation of HLA interface specification as software providing these technologies uses Federation Object Model for exchanging information with joined federates in the federation and each federate has a characteristic that is supposed to have identical FOM in the federation. This technology is a software which is to provide the core technology which was suggested by the United state's military M&S standard framework. Simulator, virtual simulation, and inter-connection between military weapons system S/W which executes on network which is M&S's core base technology, and it is a technology which also can be used for various inter-connection between S/W such as game and on-line phone. These days although RTI is used in military war game or tactical training unit field, there is none in Korea. Also, it is used in mobile-game, distribution game, net management, robot field, and other civilian field, but the number of examples are so small and informalized. Through this developing project, we developed the core technique and RTI software and provided performance of COTS level to improve communication algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_3
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform is being widely used in disaster monitoring and smart city, having the advantage of being able to quickly acquire images in small areas at a low cost. Ground Control Points (GCPs) for positioning UAV images are essential to acquire cm-level accuracy when producing UAV-based orthoimages and Digital Surface Model (DSM). However, the on-site acquisition of GCPs takes considerable manpower and time. This research aims to provide an efficient and accurate way to replace the on-site GNSS surveying with three different sources of geospatial data. The three geospatial data used in this study is as follows; 1) 25 cm aerial orthoimages, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on 1:1000 digital topographic map, 2) point cloud data acquired by Mobile Mapping System (MMS), and 3) hybrid point cloud data created by merging MMS data with UAV data. For each dataset a three-dimensional positional accuracy analysis of UAV-based orthoimage and DSM was performed by comparing differences in three-dimensional coordinates of independent check point obtained with those of the RTK-GNSS survey. The result shows the third case, in which MMS data and UAV data combined, to be the most accurate, showing an RMSE accuracy of 8.9 cm in horizontal and 24.5 cm in vertical, respectively. In addition, it has been shown that the distribution of geospatial GCPs has more sensitive on the vertical accuracy than on horizontal accuracy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.530-535
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• 2017

Mitochondria were isolated from bird and mammals. The activity of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) was then measured to identify mitochondrial isolation. Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) isozymes in mitochondrial fractions were analyzed by biochemical and immunochemical methods. The activity of mitochondrial LDH was lower in mammals than in bird. Therefore, the role of mitochondrial LDH seems to be more important in bird than in mammals. The concentration of protein in all tissues of bird and mammals was less in the mitochondria than in the cytosol. In the cytosol of mice and golden hamsters, testis-specific LDH $C_4$ isozyme was expressed in testis in addition to the LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$, $AB_3$, and $B_4$ isozymes. A single LDH AB hybrid isozyme was expressed in the chicken mitochondria. In mammals, mitochondrial LDH isozymes were differed according to tissues. LDH $A_4$ and testis-specific LDH $C_4$ isozymes were expressed in the mitochondria of mice. The mitochondrial testis-specific LDH $C_4$ isozyme was expressed only in the mice. In the golden hamster mitochondria, the LDH $B_4$ isozyme functioned as a lactate oxidase. As our results show, the mitochondrial LDH seemed to be playing the different role in the bird and mammals in relation with their metabolic conditions and habitats.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.33-37
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• 2019

In this study, the graded thermal properties of composites are obtained by difference in specific gravity of fillers including Cu, h-BN and GO powders in epoxy. Relatively heavy powders such as Cu and h-BN compared to GO mostly at the bottom layer, while light GO powders were dispersed in the top layer in the composites. The thermal conductivity of composites was gradually increased from 0.55 (0.52) W/mK to 2.82 (1.37) W/mK for GO/h-BN (GO/Cu) epoxy composites from surface to bottom. On the contrary, the coefficient of thermal expansion was decreased from 51 ppm/℃ to 23 ppm/℃ and from 57 ppm/℃ to 32 ppm/℃ for GO/Cu and GO/h-BN, respectively. The variation of thermal properties in composites is attributed due to intrinsic material properties of filler including thermal conductivity, morphology and the distribution by the specific weight of fillers. This simple strategy for realizing graded thermal composites by introducing different filler materials would be effective heat transfer at interface of heterostructure with large thermal properties such as inorganic semiconductor/plastic, metal/plastic, and semiconductor/metal.