• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.930-937
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• 2012

Newly developed Series hybrid low-floor articulated vehicle which can meet both road and railway running conditions. It has the rated driving speed of 80 km/h and three driving modes with hybrid(engine+battery) driving mode, engine driving mode, battery driving mode. The battery driving mode requires the several 10 km running without additional charging operation. The vehicle has been equipped with LPB (lithium polymer battery) pack for the series hybrid propulsion system. LPB pack consists of 168 cells (3.7 V in a cell, 80 Ah) in series, DC Circuit breaker, mechanical rack, BMS (battery management system). This paper has shown the design process of LPB pack and application to the vehicle. Driving results in the road was successful to be satisfied with the requirement of the series hybrid vehicle.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a hybrid multi.system-on-chip (H-MSoC) architecture that provides a high-flexibility system in a rapid development time. The H-MSoC approach provides a flexible system-on-chip (SoC) architecture that is easy to configure for physical- and application-layer development. The physical- and application-layer aspects are dynamically designed and modified; hence, it is important to consider a design methodology that supports rapid SoC development. Physical layer development refers to intellectual property cores or other modular hardware (HW) development, while application layer development refers to user interface or application software (SW) development. H-MSoC is built from multi-SoC architectures in which each SoC is localized and specified based on its development focus, either physical or application (hybrid). Physical HW development SoC is referred to as physical-SoC (Phy-SoC) and application SW development SoC is referred to as application-SoC (App-SoC). Phy-SoC and App-SoC are connected to each other via Ethernet. Ethernet was chosen because of its flexibility, high speed, and easy configuration. For prototyping, we used a LEON3 SoC as the Phy-SoC and a ZYNQ-7000 SoC as the App-SoC. The proposed design was proven in real-time tests and achieved good performance.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.195-207
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• 2019

This paper presents an overview of wind turbine research techniques including the recent application of hybrid testing. Wind turbines are complex structures as they are large, slender, and dynamic with many different operational states, which limits applicable research techniques. Traditionally, numerical simulation is widely used to study turbines while experimental tests are rarer and often face cost and equipment restrictions. Hybrid testing is a relatively new simulation method that combines numerical and experimental techniques to accurately capture unknown or complex behaviour by modelling portions of the structure experimentally while numerically simulating the remainder. This can allow for increased detail, scope, and feasibility in wind turbine tests. Hybrid testing appears to be an effective tool for future wind turbine research, and the few studies that have applied it have shown promising results. This paper presents a literature review of experimental and numerical wind turbine testing, hybrid testing in structural engineering, and hybrid testing of wind turbines. Finally, several applications of hybrid testing for future wind turbine studies are proposed including multi-hazard loading, damped turbines, and turbine failure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.585-598
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• 2022

The monopile-friction wheel hybrid foundation is an innovative solution for offshore structures which are mainly subjected to large lateral eccentric load induced by winds, waves, and currents during their service life. This paper presents an extensive numerical analysis to investigate the lateral load and moment bearing performances of hybrid foundation, considering various potential influencing factors in sand-overlaying-clay soil deposits, with the complex lateral loads being simplified into a resultant lateral load acting at a certain height above the mudline. Finite element models are generated and validated against experimental data where very good agreements are obtained. The failure mechanisms of hybrid foundations under lateral loading are illustrated to demonstrate the effect of the friction wheel in the hybrid system. Parametric study shows that the load bearing performances of the hybrid foundation is significantly dependent of wheel diameter, pile embedment depth, internal friction angle of sand, loading eccentricity (distance from the load application point to the ground level), and the thickness of upper sandy layer. Simplified empirical formulae is proposed based on the numerical results to predict the corresponding lateral load and moment bearing capacities of the hybrid foundation for design application.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaf were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05), but stem diameter did not show significant differences among treatments. Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased, but sugar degree decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest in T4, whereas the lowest in T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were the highest in C, T4 and T2, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF and ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The total mineral content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total amino acid content was higher in the order of T1> C> T3> T4> T2 (p<0.05). Free sugar content increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid without chemical fertilizer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

The prestressed concrete (PSC) technology that was first developed by Freyssinet has significantly improved over the past century in terms of materials and structural design in order to build longer, slender, and more economic structures. The application of prestressing method in structures, which is determined by the pre-tension or post-tension processes, is also affected by the surrounding conditions such as the construction site, workforce skills, and local transportation regulations. This study proposes a prestressed concrete girder design based on a hybrid segment concept. The adopted approach combines both pre-tension and post-tension methods along a simple span bridge girder. The girder was designed using newly developed 2400 MPa PS strands and 60 MPa high-strength concrete. The new concept and high strength materials allowed longer span, lower girder depth, less materials, and slender design without affecting the lateral stability of the girder. In order to validate the applicability of the proposed hybrid prestressed segments girder, a full-scale 35 m girder was fabricated, and experimental tests were performed under various fatigue and static loading conditions. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed long-span girder as its performance meets the railway girder standards. In addition, the comparison between the measured load-displacement curve and the simulation results indicate that simulation analysis can predict the behavior of hybrid segments girders.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.456-463
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• 2010

This paper describes the results of the application of Cr-Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for efficiency improvement through surface modification of spur gear parts in the hydraulic gear pump. Cr-DLC films were successfully deposited on SCM 415 substrates by a hybrid coating process using linear ion source (LIS) and magnetron sputtering method. The characteristics of the films were systematically investigated using FE-SEM, nano-indentation, sliding tester and AFM instrument. The microstructure of Cr-DLC films turned into the dense and fine grains with relatively preferred orientation. The thickness formed in our Cr buffer layer and DLC coating layer were obtained the 487 nm and $1.14\;{\mu}m$. The average friction coefficient of Cr-DLC films considerably decreased to 0.15 for 0.50 of uncoated SCM415 material. The hardness and surface roughness of Cr-DLC films were measured 20 GPa and 10.76 nm, respectively. And then, efficiency tests were performed on the hydraulic gear pump to investigate the efficiency performance of the Cr-DLC coated spur gear. The experimental results show that the volumetric and mechanical efficiency of hydraulic gear pump using the Cr-DLC spur gear were improved up to 2~5% and better efficiency improvement could be attributed to its excellent microstructure, higher hardness, and lower friction coefficient. This conclusion proves the feasibility in the efficiency improvement of hydraulic gear pump for industrial applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2014

네이티브 어플리케이션의 한계를 극복하기 위해 웹 서비스를 이용한 Hybrid Application이 개발되었다. Hybrid Application은 단말기의 센서, 카메라 등 기기의 기능을 Application이 지원하고 내부 구조와 인터페이스, 데이터 전송 등에 Web기술을 이용하여 기존 네이티브 어플리케이션의 단점을 보완하고 장점을 합한 것이다. 웹 기반으로 구현 되었기 때문에 다양한 기기와 해상도에 적용이 가능하고 문제 발생 시 웹과 동일하게 실시간 업데이트가 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 HTML5과 하이브리드 어플리케이션 기반의 SNS 메신저를 설계하고 구현하였다. SNS의 게시판 기능과 메신저를 결합하여 커뮤니케이션을 강조한 어플리케이션을 구현하여, one-source-multi-platform SNS 시스템을 구축하였다.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.381-386
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• 2006

This study is to research application cases of domestic ventilation system for developing ventilation system which is energy-saving and improve Indoor Air Quality and to research application possibility of foreign hybrid ventilation system. This is a basic research data of developing ventilation system for energy saying and improving indoor quality which that research the function and a feature of the ventilation system which is applied in five domestic skyscrapers over 30 floors, and research application instances and features of foreign hybrid ventilation system.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.965-976
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• 2020

We present in this work a segmentation method of E. coli bacterial images generated via phase contrast microscopy using a deep learning based hybrid feature generation. Unlike conventional machine learning methods that use the hand-crafted features, we adopt the denoising autoencoder in order to generate a precise and accurate representation of the pixels. We first construct a hybrid vector that combines original image, difference of Gaussians and image gradients. The created hybrid features are then given to a deep autoencoder that learns the pixels' internal dependencies and the cells' shape and boundary information. The latent representations learned by the autoencoder are used as the inputs of a softmax classification layer and the direct outputs from the classifier represent the coarse segmentation mask. Finally, the classifier's outputs are used as prior information for a graph partitioning based fine segmentation. We demonstrate that the proposed hybrid vector representation manages to preserve the global shape and boundary information of the cells, allowing to retrieve the majority of the cellular patterns without the need of any post-processing.