• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.348-353
• /
• 2023

Doppler ultrasound can be used to detect almost all arteries of the face before injecting the hyaluronic acid (HA) filler. The relatively more dangerous sites of filler injection are the glabellar wrinkle, forehead, temple, nose, and nasolabial fold area, and it is recommended to map the vasculature of these areas by Doppler ultrasound before performing filler injection. The Doppler ultrasound detection method is included as a video. Internal carotid arterial branches, the supratrochlear, supraorbital, and dorsal nasal arteries, and external carotid arterial branches, the superficial temporal and facial arteries, are very important arteries when injecting HA filler; thus, Doppler ultrasound detection is recommended.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2009

Dissolved oxygen (DO) has a significant effect on the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) during the fermentation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Therefore, to further investigate the effect of DO on the yield and molecular weight of HA, this study compared the metabolic flux distribution of S. zooepidemicus under aerobic conditions at various DO levels. The metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that the HA synthesis pathway, considered a dependent network, was little affected by the DO level. In contrast, the fluxes of lactate and acetate were greatly influenced, and more ATP was generated concomitant with acetate at a high DO level. Furthermore, the has gene expression and HA synthase activity were both repressed under anaerobic conditions, yet not obviously affected under aerobic conditions at various DO levels. Therefore, it was concluded that the HA molecular weight would seem to depend on the concomitant effect of the generation of ATP and reactive oxygen species. It is expected that this work will contribute to a better understanding of the effect of the DO level on the mechanism of the elongation of HA chains.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.545-554
• /
• 2016

히알루론산(HA, Hyaluronic acid)은 β-1, 3-N-acetyl glucosamine과 β-1, 4-glucuronic acid가 반복된 선형 폴리머 고분자로서 생물학적 활성 및 생체친화성 특성 때문에 의약 및 약학분야에서 중요한 분자로 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구는 HA을 S. dysgalactiae으로 얻고, 화학적 방법을 통해 황화된 히알루론산(S-HA, Sulfated hyaluronic acid) 유도체를 합성하여 그 구조와 항염증 활성을 비교하였다. HA의 생산은 S. dysgalactiae를 5 l 생물반응기를 이용하여 대량 배양하여 수용성 히알루론산(HA-WS, water soluble hyaluronic acid)과 비수용성 히알루론산(HA-WI, water insoluble hyaluronic acid)을 분리 정제하였다. 특히 HA-WI를 황화시켜 황화된 히알루론산(S-HA) 유도체를 합성하였으며, 그 수율은 90%로 나타났다. 합성된 S-HA의 구조를 FT-IR 및 ¹H/¹³C-NMR를 통해 S. dysgalactiae로부터 생산된 표준 HA, HA-WS 및 HA-WI와 비교 분석한 결과, 황으로 치환된 양상을 확인하였다. 또한, S-HA 의 항염증 활성을 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 통해 확인한 결과, S-HA는 천연 형태의 HA (HA, HA-WS)보다 nitric oxide (NO)와 COX-2 및 PGE₂ 유전자 발현이 유의하게 낮게 발현되었다. 염증 매개 cytokine인 TNF-α (<80 pg/ml) 및 IL-6 (<100 pg/ml)의 생성도 S-HA가 천연 HA보다 낮은 수준으로 정량되었다. 이 같은 결과에서 황화된 S-HA은 천연 히알루론산보다 용해성이 우수하고 염증관련 사이토카인의 생성 억제를 통해 항염증 효과를 나타내므로 염증치료제, 성형 및 생체 적용 약물전달 소재로 그 활용이 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.1849-1855
• /
• 2006

It has been shown that the initial conditions of bacterial cultivation are extremely important for the successful production of hyaluronic acid (HA) by fermentation. We investigated several parameters that affect cell growth rate and the productivity and molecular weight of hyaluronic acid--i.e., agitation speed, aeration rate, culture temperature, pH, and pressure--to determine how to optimize the production of HA by Streptococcus zooepidemicus on an industrial scale. Using a 30-1 jar fermentor under laboratory conditions, we achieved maximum HA productivity and biomass when the agitation speed and aeration rate were increased simultaneously. By shifting the temperature downward from 35$^{\circ}C$ to 32$^{\circ}C$ at key levels of cell growth during the fermentation process, we were able to obtain HA with a molecular weight of $2.8{\times}10^6$ at a productivity of 5.3 g/l. Moreover, we reproduced these optimized conditions successfully in three 30-1 jar fermentors. By reproducing these conditions in a 3-$m^3$ fermentor, we were able to produce HA with a molecular weight of $2.9{\times}10^6$ at a productivity of 5.4 g/l under large-scale conditions.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.405-417
• /
• 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition that has been identified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. Various therapies have been proposed for its management as alternative to corticosteroids. However, no definitive treatment has been identified that can result in complete remission or minimal recurrence. Hyaluronic acid has recently been used as an alternative therapy for the management of OLP. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic OLP. Online electronic databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and April 2022. RCTs were identified that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid and other interventional therapies at baseline and during follow-up. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, degree of erythema, clinical severity, and disease severity were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Seven studies were analyzed. Five studies reported a high risk of bias while the remaining two studies reported an unclear risk of bias. The overall quantitative assessment of size, symptoms, degree of erythema, and sign score in OLP lesions treated with HA was not statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, subgroup analysis comparing HA with placebo or corticosteroids did not yield statistically significant (P > 0.05) results. Qualitatively, both HA and tacrolimus resulted in an effective reduction in signs and symptoms. Clinical/disease severity index/scores were inconsistent. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. None of the included studies reported the side effects of HA. These findings suggest that corticosteroids, tacrolimus, placebo, and HA could be equally effective in OLP management. The clinical/disease severity index or score reduction cannot be determined with certainty. Thus, OLP can be treated with HA as an alternative therapy. Owing to limited clinical trials on HA, high heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in the included studies, definitive conclusions cannot be derived.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2010

The hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate bearing $\alpha$-cyclodextrin ($\alpha$-CD) was synthesized as the potential carrier of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-drug conjugates. The HA conjugate was prepared by the reaction between the carboxylic acid of HA and the primary amine of $\alpha$-CD in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The chemical structure of the conjugate was confirmed using $^1H$ NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The conjugate could form nano-sized particles in the presence of PEG by forming the inclusion complexes between $\alpha$-CD at the backbone of HA, which was demonstrated using electrophoretic light scattering and field emission transmission electron microscopy. It is anticipated that this novel kind of nanoparticles can serve as a useful delivery system for PEGylated drugs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.494-500
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (GUARDIX-$MB^{(R)}$) barriers on prevention against post-operative peritoneal adhesions. In this study, fourteen mongrel dogs were divided into two experimental groups: 0.1 % hyaluronic acid (0.1HA) group and hyaluronic acidcarboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA-CMC) group. In order to induce adhesions, the anti-mesenteric serosa of the ileum was exteriorized and then abraded in a standard manner by scraping with a scalpel blade to create homogenous petechial hemorrhagic surface over a $1\;{\times}\;1cm$ area. Solution of 0.1HA were simply coated over the abraded tissues, $1.5\;{\times}\;1.5cm$ HA-CMC membrane was placed over the abraded tissues, allowed to spread across the intra-abdominal organs before closure of the abdomen. On day 1 before and day 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 after operation, venous blood specimens were collected for measurement of fibrinogen and total WBC. The adhesions were blindly assessed 3 weeks later by using a computerized tensiometer. The fibrinogen and total WBC values of two groups showed no statistical significances. The mean tensile strength (gram force, gf) of formed adhesions day 21 after surgery was $88.1\;{\pm}\;55.70gf$ in the 0.1 % HA group and $24.8\;{\pm}\;22.69gf$ in the HA-CMC group. The tensile strength values of adhesion separation HA-CMC membrane group was significantly lower than the 0.1HA group (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that HACMC membrane reduce peritoneal adhesions may be applicable to preventing post-operative intraperitoneal adhesions in dogs.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 항암제 전달체로 응용하기 위하여 천연고분자인 히알루론산(hyaluronic acid, HA)에 소수 성기 도입을 위하여 담즙산(bile acid) 중 하나인 디옥시콜산(deoxycholic acid)(DA)을 개질하여 양친성 공중합체를 제조하였고, 이를 항암제 전달체로 응용하고자 하였다. 디옥시콜산이 결합된 히알루론산(HADA)의 물리화학적 특성은 $^1H$ NMR, FTIR, spectrophotometer와 TEM을 이용하여 측정하였다. 디옥시콜산이 결합된 히알루론산에 항암제(파클리탁셀)를 투석방법을 통하여 봉입시켰고, in vitro에서 KB 세포에 대한 항암활성을 확인하였다. 제조된 디옥시콜산이 결합된 히알루론산이 항암제 전달체로서의 응용 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Korean Membrane Journal
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2004

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and hyaluronic acid(HA) hydrogel membranes were prepared with varying HA contents from 10 to 50 wt% of PVA. The water contents of the resulting PVA-HA hydrogel membranes in various pH conditions were measured. And the permeation coefficient of indomethacin was determined using several PVA-HA hydrogel membranes at various pH conditions and also 37$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2011

목적: 인공눈물, 렌즈용 다목적 용액, 화장품, 근골격계 용제에 널리 사용되고 있는 히알루론산(hyaluronic acid, HA)의 콘택트렌즈의 습윤성과 착용감에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위해 HA가 첨가된 콘택트렌즈(+HA)와 HA가 첨가되지 않은 렌즈(-HA)를 임상 평가하여 비교하였다. 방법: 안질환이 없는 대학생 28명을 대상으로 하여 4주 동안 우안에는 HA가 첨가된 렌즈(+HA, With HA)를 좌안에는 HA가 첨가되지 않은 렌즈(-HA, Without HA)를 착용하여, 좌안을 대조군으로 우안을 비교하였다. 이 때, 렌즈 도수는 등가구면으로 처방하고, 자동굴절검사기를 이용해 덧댐굴절검사를 한 뒤 2주와 4주 동안 렌즈 착용 후 눈물검사, 전안부 검사, 피팅 용이성 평가, 표면 습윤성 검사, 설문조사를 시행하였다. 결과: 히알루론산이 첨가된 렌즈(+HA)가 -HA 렌즈보다 우수한 습윤성을 보였으며, 눈물량은 +HA 렌즈 착용자에서는 4주 동안 차이가 크지 않았지만, -HA 렌즈 착용자에서는 4주가 되면서 눈물량이 줄어드는 결과를 보였다. +HA와 -HA 렌즈 착용자의 충혈정도는 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 렌즈 피팅은 +HA 렌즈에서 용이한 것으로 나타났다. 설문조사 결과에서 착용감, 습윤감, 세척의 용이성과 건조감은 +HA 렌즈가 -HA 렌즈에 비해 우수한 결과를 보였으나, 충혈정도와 렌즈 취급성은 차이가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 히알루론산이 첨가된 소프트콘택트렌즈(+HA)는 HA가 첨가되지 않은 소프트콘택트렌즈(-HA)에 비해 렌즈착용에 따른 표면 습윤성을 높임으로써 착용감을 증진시키는 것으로 사료된다.