• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the problem solving strategy for Goldberg machine tasks of the gifted students in elementary science depending on the cognitive style(tendency to field-dependent and field independent). It was aimed to provide suggestions for the features and differences of the problem solving strategies of the gifted students in elementary science according to their cognitive styles. A total of 16 students, from the gifted class of P elementary school in Hwaseong were sampled for the research, cognitive styles Test was conducted to divide the students in teams, and the teams were classified according to cognitive style tendencies to five groups of field-dependent group, weak field-dependent group, mixed group, weak field-independent group and field-independent group. The Goldberg device task given was to make a Goldberg device within the angle framework of (Figure) 1, for a bead to start from the starting point and to reach the final point the last. The results are as follows: First, regarding the plan for producing the device, the stronger the field-independent tendency, they established more specific strategy-reflected plan; the stronger the field-dependent tendency, they established less specific strategy-reflected plan. Second, all cognitive style groups took a limited period of time into consideration, to fabricate the devices for the ball to arrive the last using a fine adjustment rather than many devices. Third, the field-independent group used a lot of logical reasoning; the field-dependent group used a lot of intuitive thinking. Fourth, the field independent group properly utilized strategies such as cooperation and role allocation; the field-dependent group tried to solve the task personally rather than cooperatively with poor role allocation. Fifth, the intermediate mixed group solved the problem better than the inclined groups such as field-dependent or field-independent groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.862-875
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• 2021

Purpose To investigate the MRI features associated with neural foraminal stenosis (NFS) in patients older than 60 years with lumbar (L) radiculopathy. Materials and Methods This study included 133 retrospectively selected patients older than 60 years with lumbar radiculopathy who had undergone a lumbar spine MRI (from January 2018 to April 2018). For L4/L5 and L5/sacral (S)1 levels, NFS was reviewed blindly by two radiologists. Spondylolisthesis, retrolisthesis, disc height loss, disc bulging/herniation/central canal stenosis, ligamentum flavum thickening, and facet hypertrophy were evaluated separately for the NFS and non-NFS groups, and they were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The univariate analysis revealed that disc height loss (p = 0.006) was associated with NFS for L4/L5. For L5/S1, both spondylolisthesis (p = 0.005) and facet hypertrophy (p = 0.006) were associated with NFS. The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that disc height loss was associated with NFS for L4/L5 [odds ratio (OR) = 4.272; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.736-10.514]. For L5/S1, spondylolisthesis (OR = 3.696; 95% CI 1.297-10.530) and facet hypertrophy (OR = 6.468; 95% CI 1.283-32.617) were associated with NFS. Conclusion Disc height loss was associated with NFS for L4/L5 and spondylolisthesis and facet hypertrophy were associated with NFS for L5/S1.