• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated the role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1/redox factor-1 (Ref-1) on the tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression using A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. TNF-$\alpha$ induced the expression of COX-2 in A549 cells, but did not induce BEAS-2B expression. The expression of COX-2 in A549 cells was TNF-$\alpha$ dose-dependent (5~100 ng/ml). TNF-$\alpha$-stimulated A549 cells evidenced increased Ref-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The adenoviral transfection of cells with AdRef-1 inhibited TNF-$\alpha$-induced COX-2 expression relative to that seen in the control cells ($Ad{\beta}gal$). Pretreatment with $10\;{\mu}M$ of SB203580 suppressed TNF-$\alpha$-induced COX-2 expression, thereby suggesting that p38 MAPK might be involved in COX-2 expression in A549 cells. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was increased significantly after 5 minutes of treatment with TNF-$\alpha$, reaching a maximum level at 10 min which persisted for up to 60 min. However, p38MAPK phosphorylation was markedly suppressed in the Ref-1-overexpressed A549 cells. Taken together, our results appear to indicate that Ref-1 negatively regulates COX-2 expression in response to cytokine stimulation via the inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In the lung cancer cell lines, Ref-1 may be involved as an important negative regulator of inflammatory gene expression.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2008

복숭아 미이라 과일로부터 복숭아 잿빛무늬병 Monilinia fructicola에 대하여 강한 항균활성을 보이는 방선균 Streptomyces padanus TH04를 분리하였다. TH04 균주의 배양 추출물 1%를 함유한 배지에서의 균사생육 및 포자발아는 시험한 M. fructicola의 strain에 따라 각각 $79.8{\sim}81%$와 $73.9{\sim}75.8%$ 억제되었다. 병원균과 TH04 균주 초기접종 밀도를 0.01%, 0.1% 및 1%로 달리하여 동시배양 한 결과, 항균활성은 선발 방선균의 밀도에 따라 $7.5%{\sim}94%$로 나타났다. 사과(품종; 후지)를 이용한 조추출물의 항균활성은 0.1% 처리구 85.9%, 1%처리구 100%로 나타났다. 항균활성 물질 생산, 안정성 및 제형화에 관한 연구가 이루어질 경우 선발한 Streptomyces padanus TH04는 생물학적 방제제로의 개발 가능성 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2006

Atherosclerosis is considered as a chronic inflammatory process. However, the nature of the oxidant signaling that regulates monocyte adhesion and its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We investigated the role of reactive oxygen species on the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte adhesion in the cultured endothelial cells. $TNF-{\alpha}$ at a range of $1{\sim}30\;ng/ml$ induced VCAM-1 expression dose-dependently. BCECF-AM-labeled U937 cells firmly adhered on the surface of endothelial cells when the endothelial cells were incubated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ (15 ng/ml). Ten $\;{\mu}mol/L$ of SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, significantly reduced $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ VCAM-1 expression, compared to the JNK inhibitor ($40\;{\mu}mol/L$ of SP60015) or ERK inhibitor ($40\;{\mu}mol/L$ of U0126). Also, SB203580 significantly inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ monocyte adhesion in HUVEC. Superoxide production was minimal in the basal condition, however, treatment of $TNF-{\alpha}$ induced superoxide production in the dihydroethidineloaded endothelial cells. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, $10\;{\mu}mol/L$), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, and rotenone $(1\;{\mu}mol/L)$, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ superoxide production, VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in the endothelial cells. Taken together, our data suggest that NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial ROS were involved in $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ VCAM-1 and monocyte adhesion in the endothelial cells.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 화학사고 및 화학테러 대응 시 화학물질로부터 인명 및 환경을 보호하기 위한 경계구역 설정에 관하여 국·내외 사례 조사를 바탕으로 우리나라 실정에 적합한 경계구역 선정 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 현재 다양한 관계부처에서는 공통적으로 hot zone, warm zone, cold zone으로 구분하여 사용 중이나 특정 지역에 대해서는 용어 활용 측면에서 상이한 의미로 혼용되고 있다. 따라서 경계구역을 기존 3개 지역에서 hot zone, warm zone, cold zone, safety zone 4개 지역으로 구분하여 활용할 것을 제시하였다. 그리고 warm zone을 관심지역, safety zone을 안전지역으로 용어를 정립하도록 한다. 기존에 적용하던 ERPG 급성노출기준은 다양한 노출시간을 고려하지 않기 때문에 장시간 노출상황 적용에 적합하지 않으므로 적용 우선순위를 AEGL, ERPG, PAC, IDLHs 순으로 하도록 한다. CARIS 정보제공 방안은 확산평가가 가능한 물질 또는 불가능한 물질이거나 실내누출 상황으로 구분하고 풍향신뢰선과 ERG의 초기이격거리 및 방호활동거리를 함께 표현하여 현장대응 및 주민대피 결정 정보자료로 활용될 수 있도록 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Rehder (Urticales: Ulmaceae) (UD) is a tree widespread in northeast Asia. It is traditionally used for anticancer and anti-inflammatory therapy. The present study investigated the effect of an ethanol extract of UD on vascular tension and its underlying mechanism in rats. The dried root bark of UD was ground and extracted with 80% ethanol. The prepared UD extract was used in further analysis. The effect of UD on the cell viability, vasoreactivity and hemodynamics were investigated using propidium iodide staining in cultured cells, isometric tension recording and blood pressure analysis, respectively. Low dose of UD ($10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml)$ did not affect endothelial cell viability, but high dose of UD reduced cell viability. UD induced vasorelaxation in the range of $0.1{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$ with an $ED_{50}$ value of $2{\mu}g/ml$. UD-induced vasorelaxation was completely abolished by removal of the endothelium or by pre-treatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. UD inhibited calcium influx induced by phenylephrine and high $K^+$ and also completely abolished the effect of L-NAME. Intravenous injection of UD extracts (10~100 mg/kg) decreased arterial and ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UD extracts reduced the ventricular contractility (+dP/dt) in anesthetized rats. However, UD-induced hypotensive actions were minimized in L-NAME-treated rats. Taken together, out results showed that UD induced vasorelaxation and has antihypertensive properties, which may be due the activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelium.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.161-170
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• 1990

The effects of $H^{+}$ on the arterial contraction and their mechanisms were investigated in the renal artery of a rabbit. The helical strips of isolated renal artery were immersed in the HEPES-buffered or $CO_{2}/HCO_{3}^{-}$-buffered Tyrode's solution. The contractions induced by agonists (norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin and angiotensin II) or high $K^{+}$ were observed with change of extracellular or intracellular $H^{+}$ concentration. The contractions induced by norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, angiotensin II or high $K^{+}$ in HEPES-buffered Tyrode's solution were inhibited by increase in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration and potentiated by decrease in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration. The degrees of these effects were most evident in the contraction induced by serotonin and angiotensin II, moderate in those by histamine and high $K^{+}$, and least in those by norepinephrine. Maximal contraction by norepinephrine, histamine and high $K^{+}$ were not influenced by change in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration, but influenced in those contration by serotonin and angiotensin II. The attenuated contractions by an acidic pH were not returned to the level of contraction at normal pH (7.4) by elevation of extracellular $Ca{2+}$ concentration. The agonists (norepinephrine, histamine and serotonin)-induced contractions in $Ca{2+}$-free Tyrode's solution were also attenuated by increase in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration and potentiated by decrease in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration. Elevation of $Pco_{2}$ in the $CO_{2}/HCO_{3}^{-}$-buffered Tyrode's solution, which increase the intracellular $H^{+}$ concentration, at constant extracellular pH (7.4), increased the contraction by 30 mM $K^{+}$. From the above results, it is suggested that the decrease in contractions by increase in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration may be resulted from that $H^{+}$ make the receptors less sensitive to agonists and cell membrane hyperpolarize and then inhibit the $Ca{2+}$ influx as well as $Ca{2+}$ release from intracellular $Ca{2+}$ storage site.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

2015년 화학물질관리법 시행 이후 화학 사고 발생 수는 감소 추세에 있으나, 최근 인쇄회로기판(PCB) 제조시설에서 유사한 유형의 사고가 반복적으로 발생함에 따라 실험을 통해 사고 원인을 조사 분석하였다. 해당 사고는 인쇄회로기판 제조공정 내 에칭용액으로 사용한 유해화학물질인 염산과 과산화수소가 월류하여 발생한 사고로 작업자 부주의와 시설 관리 미흡이 주된 사고 원인으로 조사되었다. 사고 원인을 규명하기 위해 실시한 $Cl^-$의 함량 분석 결과 과산화수소 시료에서 66.85 ppm로 측정되어 사고 물질인 염산과 과산화수소의 혼합경로를 확인할 수 있었으며, 반응실험을 통해 반응열이 $50.5^{\circ}C$까지 발생함에 따라 PVC 저장탱크의 변형과 유독가스인 염소가스 발생을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 인쇄회로기판 제조시설의 에칭공정에서의 과충전, 역류방지, 누출감지장치와 혼합방지를 위한 저장탱크 분리 설계 등 시설 안전 관리 방안과 해당 장치의 장외영향평가 검토 필요성을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 동일 유형의 사고 재발 방지를 위하여 주기적인 시설 안전점검과 작업자의 안전교육 강화의 필요성에 대하여 논의하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

신성고혈압백서모델인 one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt 고혈압백서에서 혈압과 NO생성에 미치는 고려홍삼 사포닌과 비사포닌의 영향을 규명하고자, 무마취 무제한상태에서 혈압을 측정하고, 혈중 NO와 NO합성효노에 대한 활성 및 단백량을 실시한 결과이다. 고려홍삼 사포닌은 정상혈압백서 및 신성고혈압백서에서 모두 혈압을 강하시키는 효과가 현저하였는데 혈압강하는 초기 2-4분 동안 최대를 보였으며 혈압강하와 동시에 심박수의 증가 현상이 관찰되었다. 그러나 고려홍삼 비사포닌은 혈압강하효과와 심박수의 증가현상은 사포닌에 비하여 미미 하였다. 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의한 혈압강하 현상과 NO와의 상관관계를 규명하기 위하여 혈중 NO를 측정한 결과 홍삼사포닌은 혈중 NO를 상승시켰다. NO합성효소의 활성도를 측정하기 위하여 $[^{3}H]-L-arginine$의 $[^{3}H]-L-cioulline$으로의 변환률을 측정한 결과 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의하여 NO합성효소의 활성도는 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 고려홍삼은 혈압을 강하시키는 효과가 있으며, 이러한 혈압강하는 주로 사포닌 성분에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 고려홍삼 혈압강하 현상은 혈중의 NO량을 증가시키는 것에 기인하며 NO의 증가는 NO합성효소의 활성도의 증가에 기인하는것으로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.142-170
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate dizziness of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the dizziness and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between dizziness from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Dizziness in Ok Ki Jin Jiang Ron <玉機眞藏論> and Pyo Bon Byeong Jeon Ron <標本病傳論> had relation to liver and was similar to dizziness caused by tension, hypertension, anemia and cerebrovascular accident etc. in western medicine. 2. Dizziness in Ja Yeol<刺熱>, O Sa<五邪> and Hai Ron<海論> had relation to kidney and was similar to dizziness caused by aging and peripheral vertigo concurrent with tinnitus and difficulty in hearing in western medicine. 3. Dizziness in O Sa<五邪> had relation to heart(pericardium) and was similar to dizziness caused by cardiac output loss and psychogenic dizziness in western medicine. 4. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the main etiology of dizziness was infirmity(虛), which were Qi(氣) of the upper portion of the body being insufficient(上氣不足), blood depletion(血枯), deficiency of marrow-reservoir(髓海不足) etc. 5. In Dae Hok Ron<大惑論> etiology and pathogenesis of dizziness were mentioned and dizziness was similar to dizziness caused by eye disorder, psychogenic dizziness and central dizziness in western medicine. 6. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the meridian of acupuncture points which was used much for dizziness was Bladder Meridian. Aqupunture points used in treatment of dizziness were Ch'onju(天柱), Kollyun(崑崙), Taejo, Chok-t'ongkok(足通谷) etc. Conclusion : We found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of dizziness in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of dizziness.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2013

마그네트론 스퍼터를 이용하여 반강자성/비자성/강자성의 삼층박막 $50{\mu}m{\times}50{\mu}m$ 크기의 십자 형태의 PHR 자기센서를 제작하고, 도메인스코프를 이용하여 외부자기장에 의한 PHR 센서의 자화거동을 관찰하였다. 또 자기저항 신호로부터 센서 특성 및 자기 민감도를 측정하였다. 삼층 구조의 PHR 센서에서 자기이력곡선 이동으로부터 측정한 교환결합력은 20 Oe였으며, $20^{\circ}$에서 자기 민감도는 $20{\mu}V/Oe$이였다. 이를 이용하여 자기 모멘트가 $10^{-13}emu$인 자기 박테리아를 $1{\times}10^3$개 정도의 분해능까지 측정하였으며, 또한 자기 민감도와 박테리아에 의한 출력 전압을 이용해 계산한 결과 박테리아 한 마리가 가지는 자기장의 크기는 $5{\times}10^{-5}Oe$이였다.