• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.44-52
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• 1986

Maternal and child health(MCH) status is considered as an important indicator of the level of health and civilization of a community and a country. MCH services for the rural population in the remote ar deserves priority by the government, since more than half(52.9%) of the delivery was occured at home and almost half (45.5%) of the delivery was assited by family members or neighbors. The purpose of the study was to analyse the health fare behavior related to pregnancy and delivery, which can be contributed maternal health care policy mating for the rural people. Specifically, it was intended to analyze the variables which affect the health care behavior in selecting birth places and birth attendants. This study utilized the data which had been already collected for an experimental study on primary health program model in Korean rural communities, funded by the USAID. 184 sample households with women who had delivered a baby during March 1982 to February 1983 were selected. Discriminant Analysis was employed for statistical analysis by utilizing SPSS computer package program. Birth places and birth attendants were considered as dependent variables. Among 12 independent variables in 5 groups considered, 7 independent variables were found statistically significant to affect the selection of birth place. Significant variables by the order of importance are mother's age, order of baby, number of prenatal care, accessibility of emergency medical care, coverage of medical insurance, mother's membership in community organization and husband's educational level. The degree of correct classification of the grouped cases by employing a discriminant . analysis was significantly improved to 78.2％ in comparison to Cmax（56%) and Cpro(51%). Policy implications for each significant variable were discussed to improve the maternal and child health. in Korean ruralarea.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary attitudes and meal management of married immigrant women according to residence period in Korea. The study was conducted by administering a questionnaire survey to 220 married immigrant women in Korea. More than one third of the immigrant women who stayed in Korea less than 3 years tended to eat a limited variety of foods. Irregularity of meal time decreased as residence time period increased (P<0.05). As immigrant women stayed longer in Korea, they became more responsible for the diet of their family (P<0.001) and had more time to share breakfast and dinner with all family members (P<0.05). Nearly half of immigrant women in all residence periods indicated their husband's family as the most influential factor in acquiring Korean foods (P<0.05). Immigrant women became more familiar with Korean cooking and recognition of nutritious foods (P<0.001) the longer they lived in Korea and more enjoyable meal times with family (P<0.05). In summary, as the period of residence in Korea increased, the dietary attitudes of immigrant women became more positive towards Korean food and diet culture. Further, immigrant women became more responsible for guiding children's dietary habits and offering healthy foods to their family as residence period increased. Therefore, the government and social programs should conduct constant and organized lessons on Korean culture and cooking according to residence period for immigrant women to build up stable and positive dietary attitudes.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate in depth the emotional experiences experienced by marriage migrant women. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with three Korean migrant women who could speak Korean. Collected data were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological research method. Research shows that 'parents are comfortable, trying to live more actively', 'because they are faithful to their homes because of their husband's support', 'being emotionally comforted and living more positively', 'joy of experiencing God's help' Reconciled to being emotionally resilient and well-to-be with their husbands and those around them,' 'does not hold family work due to emotional anxiety', 'resulting in resentment and conflict between them and their husbands.' Eight categories of were derived. The results of the study on the emotional experience of marriage immigrant women show that they have laid the foundation for them to adapt and live emotionally well.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.205-223
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine ways to improve In-Home Care Service for differences resulting from child care service and parenting stress, depending on use of the service. Participants consisted of hers from 293 who use the service in K region. From September 1, 2009 to October 25, total 193 mothers were surveyed by e-mail. 69 mothers were finally analyzed. The main results were as follows; First, the mothers got the supporting aids from two different ways, irrespective of using In-Home Care Service. One was the instrumental supports given them by their husband and relatives, and the informative and emotional supports maintained by husbands, friends, neighbors, colleagues, and network community, as well. Second, The In-Home Care Service non-users received child care support from their husbands and parents compared with the In-Home Care Service users. Third, few differences shown statistically between the two groups that use it and don't use it.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to monitor the development of Korean premature infant at six-month age and to explore factors related to developmental status of the premature infants. Methods: Participants were 58 premature infants whose corrected age was six-months old and their mothers. The developmental states of infants were followed-up with the Korean Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (KPDQ-II). Clinical characteristics of the infants were identified from the medical records. Other characteristics including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, husband's support, social support, and mother-infant attachment were assessed using self-report questionnaires from the mothers. Results: Forty three percent of the infants were in the group of questionable status of development on the KPDQ-II. There were significant differences between the premature infants with normal developmental status and those with questionable developmental status depending on gender ($x^2$=5.03, p=.034), gestational age (t=2.59, p=.012), hospital stay (p=.013), revised Neurobiologic Risk Score (p=.005) and mother-infant attachment score (t=2.12, p=.040). Conclusion: Mother-infant attachment, as well as physiological state of premature infants, is an important variable in early development. Therefore, early monitoring for the development has to be done for physiologically vulnerable premature groups. Also, providing proper nursing support to improve maternal attachment needs to be considered.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and influencing factors of the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors among the mothers with infants. The total number of 204 mothers participated in this survey as subjects. They all were breast-feeding mothers who had their infants joining in the semi-final round of a healthy breast-feeding infant contest. The data were collected from July 14, 1999 to May 19, 2000. And the data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 10.0 version. The result of this study was as follows ; 1. The mean ages of the subjects were 29.5 and 95.6 percents of them were no-job housewives. 57.8% of them were normal delivery. And the mean months of the infants were 6.2 and the male infants were 57.4%. The first born babies were 62.3%. 2. The mothers are affirmative enough with their attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors (the total mean was $3.58{\pm}.631$). In general, the mothers showed very attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors, but the points that indicated "recording the development characteristics of the infant and discussing them with husband" were very low(score $2.79{\pm}.982$). 3. There are Significant differences in caretaking behaviors of the mothers according to their ages(F=3.497, p=.017), the degree of morning sickness(F=2.633, p=.050) and the birth order of their infants(F=4.854, p=.003). The older mothers and mothers who experienced the less morning sickness showed the higher scores of the attachment-oriented behaviors. The mothers who experienced the more deliveries showed the higher scores of the attachment-oriented behaviors. Accordingly, the above result suggests that the systematic and practical nursing intervention to encourage the attachment-oriented behaviors is essential to the younger, primipara mother.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2003

Objectives: In determining to perform non-spousal artificial insemination by donor (AID) to an infertile married couple, infertile couple requires not only the thorough understanding of the medical procedure but also scrutinizing the effect, which it will have on the relationship of the family including the baby to be born itself. Materials and methods: 148 cases with non-curable male infertility were enrolled in this inquiry survey. The donor insemination questionnaire consists of 18-items which are assessing subjects' clinical properties, the background for AID practice, psychological traits, and long term influence. Results: Of the survey, 49 cases were returned (33.1%) and 10 cases (20.4%) of these gave birth after AID practice. The mean age of husbands and wives of the 49 cases were $34.6{\pm}4.2$ and $32.1{\pm}3.0$ yers old, respectively and the duration of marriage was 5 years and 4 months. In about half of the cases, AID was first suggested by husband and the decision was made by only the couple. The major reason for the operation was to form a complete family. In the item of the psychological effects, two-third of the couples felt anxiety related to the procedure which are mostly about the possible congenital or acquired deformity of baby. The AID was positively suggested in overall by all of recipients. After giving birth to a child, most couples felt positive about their decision. As a child grows up, about half of the couples felt the child as their own and expected not to tell of the AID. In overall, about 50% of couples presented satisfaction with the procedure. Conclusions: As the above results, various psychological impacts including anxiety about a child-to-be-born were accompanied to those who were recommended of AID. To overcome these problems, sufficient medical information and consultation about the course of selecting the donor and the whole procedures of AID should be provided beforehand.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

This study focused on family stresses and coping strategies among commuting couples. The participants of this study consisted of a national samples of 134 couples(268 individuals), who had been commuting for at least six months. The major findings obtained from the study are summarized in the following: First, the degree of family stresses among commuting couples was 2.98, when the maximal stress value was set to 5.0. No difference in the level of stress was detected from the roles of the wife and those of the husband. The most stressful aspect for the commuting couples came from the role of parents who care for their children. The second stressful aspect was their responsibility for their own parents, and finally the stress from the housework and maintenance of their marital lives followed next. There was no difference between the wives and husbands on the stressors. Secondly, the level of the coping strategies developed by the commuting couples themselves against their stresses was 3.37, when the maximal stress coping value was set to 5.0. Again, there was no difference in this level between wives and husbands. Among the strategies, they used ‘cognitive restructuring’the most frequently; sharing their responsibilities with other members in family life came next; and developing their own techniques to manage their stresses followed. Thirdly, the ages of the couple, the age of the first child, type of jobs, duration of the marriage and commute, and frequency of meeting affected the level of family stress among commuting couples. Finally, commuting couples developed quite different strategies to cope with their family stresses, and religion and family type affected significantly the type of coping strategies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-33
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• 1984

This study aims to get basic data for an objective searching examination into the value of household production through grasping the relation between homemaker's consciousness or attitude on it and the socio-economic related variables in today, the economic period of currency exchange. the approach of this study depends on the consultation of concerned references and social survey by questionnaire to explore the homemaker's consciousness. Homemakers with children over six years old were selected as object and stratified, considering each age of them and variety of socio-economic status. 450 homemakers among 600 selected with collecting the data. But only 353 samples are helpful for this analysis. They were calculated by frequency, percentage and the mean value for general characteristics of the families, and the noteworthy degree applied the Chi-square(x2) was measured to investigate the correlation between the related variables and each of items. The data was treated by the SPSS program of Computer Center, Korea Science Institute. The conclusions of this study are as follows; 1) The majority of homemakers have had affirmative consciousness on the household production as well as strong sense of responsibility in doing their duties. But the higher educational background or the standard of living are, the more want they to have a job also have a tendency to have leave the household production to others. 2)The reason that housemaker does not have a job is for being faithful to home life. But the higher educational background she have, the more weight is given to the management such as to husband or to children card, than to household affairs. 3) Homemaker's educational background and experiences in job affect on her spirit of inquiry for rationalization of the household production and social compensation mentality, by having more strong needs of learning for the household production or of socially proper compensation for casualty. 4) Homemakers mostly have affirmative consciousness on division of household affairs, that they think in need to feel the family as one body among themselves and to cultivate co-operative mind.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.705-715
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• 2001

This study examined 19 papers published from 1977 to 2000 based on the objective frame evaluation. This purpose of this study was to examine the trend of Hwabyung research and to serve as a guide for the future 'Hwabyung' study. The results of studies were as follow. In the design of research, clinical studies are definitely dominant. As for the fields of research, the concept of Hwabyung was studied more frequently than the others. As for the authorship. psychiatrists prevailed but nursing professionals are on the increase. Research subject in clinical and survey study, patient was definitely dominant and the place of study was almost always a hospital (75%), data collection was higher on interview (58.3%). Hwabyung was considered unique culture bounded syndrome related to Korean culture. Frequent etiologic factor of Hwabyung were a husband's extra-marital affair, conflicts between houses wives and mothers-in-laws, and financial loss and suffering. From the incidence of Hwabyung, a greater number of patients with Hwabyung were middle aged women in the low economic and educational classes, and these were connected with the culture and the family system. The symptoms of Hwabyung included psychological and physical symptom, neurological disorder and disease behavior. Defense mechanisms and coping strategies for Hwabyung were somatization, suppression, orality, withdrawal, isolation, regression, help-seeking, complaining, and wreaking anger. Treatment of Hwabyung were medication, effort by herself, communication with families, consultation with psychologist, acupuncture, negative therapy, moxa, and Qi-kong. Psychiatric therapy, behavior therapy, nursing intervention on multi-interdisciplinary approach and psychiatric nursing approach were recommended for the nursing care of a Hwabyung patient.