• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2022

Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has risen by 0.75 ℃. The Korean Peninsula has risen by 1.8 ℃, more than twice the global average. According to the RCP 8.5 scenario, the CO₂ concentration in 2100 will be 940 ppm, about twice as high as current. The National Institute of Crop Science(NICS) is using the SPAR (Soil-Plant Atmosphere Research) facility that can precisely control the environment, such as temperature, humidity, and CO₂. A Python-based colony photosynthesis algorithm has been developed, and the carbon and nitrogen absorption rate of rice is evaluated by setting climate change conditions. In this experiment, Oryza Sativa cv. Shindongjin were planted at the SPAR facility on June 10 and cultivated according to the standard cultivation method. The temperature and CO₂ settings are high temperature and high CO₂ (current temperature+4.7℃ temperature+4.7℃·CO₂ 800ppm), high temperature single condition (current temperature+4.7℃·CO₂ 400ppm) according to the RCP8.5 scenario, Current climate is set as (current temperature·CO₂400ppm). For colony photosynthesis measurement, a LI-820 CO₂ sensor was installed in each chamber for setting the CO₂ concentration and for measuring photosynthesis, respectively. The colony photosynthetic rate in the booting stage was greatest in a high temperature and CO₂ environment, and the higher the nitrogen fertilization level, the higher the colony photosynthetic rate tends to be. The amount of photosynthesis tended to decrease under high temperature. In the high temperature and high CO₂ environment, seed yields, the number of an ear, and 1000 seed weights tended to decrease compared to the current climate. The number of an ear also decreased under the high temperature. But yield tended to increase a little bit under the high temperature and high CO₂ condition than under the high temperature. In addition, In addition to this study, it seems necessary to comprehensively consider the relationship between colony photosynthetic ability, metabolite reaction, and rice yield according to climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of landscaping pavements on WBGT(Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature) of outdoor spaces that lack ventilation and shade at summer midday. The relative humidity(RH), dry-bulb temperature(DT) and globe temperature(GT) were recorded every minute from June to October 2009 at a height of 1.2m above ten experimental beds with different pavements, by a measuring system consisting of an electric humidity sensor(GHM-15), resistance temperature detector(RTD, Pt-100), standard black globe(${\phi} 150mm$) and data acquisition systems(National Instrument's Labview and Compact FieldPoint). Additionally, the surface dry-bulb temperatures also were recorded and compared. The area of each experimental bed was 1.5m(W)${\times}$2.0m(L) and ten different kinds of pavement were used including grass, grass+cubic stone, grass+porous brick, brick, stone panels, cubic stone, interlocking blocks, clay brick, naked soil, gravel and concrete. To prevent interference from ventilation, a 1.5m height cubic steel frame was established around each bed and each vertical side of the frame was covered with transparent polyethylene film. Based on the records of the hottest period from noon to 3 PM on 26 days with a peak dry-bulb temperature over $30^{\circ}C$ at natural condition, the wet-bulb temperature(WT) and WBGT were calculated and compared. The major findings were as follows: 1. The average surface DT was $40.1^{\circ}C$, which is $9^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the natural condition. The surface DT of the pavements with grass were higher than those of concrete and interlocking block. The peak DT of the surface almost every pavement rose to above $50^{\circ}C$ during the hottest time. 2. The averages of DT, WT and GT were $40.1^{\circ}C$, $27.5^{\circ}C$ and $49.1^{\circ}C$, and the peak values rose to $48.1^{\circ}C$, $45.8^{\circ}C$ and $59.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. In spite of slight differences that resulted according to pavements, no coherent differentiating factor could be found. 3. The average WBGT of grass was the highest at $34.3^{\circ}C$ while the others were similar in the range of around $33{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile, the peak WBGT was highest with stone panel at $47.9^{\circ}C$. Though there were some differences according to pavements, and while grass seemed to be worst in terms of WBGT, it seems difficult to say ablolutely that grass was the worst because the measurement was conducted without ventilation and shade during summer daytime hours only, which had temperatures that rose to a dangerous degree(above $45^{\circ}C$ WBGT), withering the grass during the hottest period. The average WBGT resulted also showed that the thermal environment of the pavement without ventilation and shade were at an intolerable level for humans regardless of the pavement type. In summary, the results of this study show that ventilation and shade are more important factor than pavement type in terms of outdoor thermal comfort in summer daylight hours.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

Investigations were conducted to prevent entrance of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with very fine mesh nets. B. tabaci vectors tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomatoes. B. tabaci could be completely prevented to penetrate into an 83 mesh net, though few of them passed the 60 mesh net. An independent 60 mesh net cage was built within one of the three interconnected common plastic greenhouse ($21.0{\times}18.3m$) in order to find its usefulness as a crop protection tool from insect pests. TYLCV infected tomato plants were not detected, though a few eggs of B. tabaci and mines of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were detected locally at the entrance of the sliding door. There were practically no significant differences between treatments of nets and the conventional plant height, leaf length and width, number of floret clusters, sugar brix, and product yield. In viewpoints of commercialization, it could be considered highly prospectful to apply to the nets to glasshouses or other greenhouses in which the growing period of crops is long, if the nets were used in the openings of sides, ceilings, and entrances of the greenhouse. However, it might be necessary to take preventive measures for occurrences of insect pests living in soil, temporarily or permanently, as well as high humidity diseases.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2013

This study is on the corrosion of iron objects caused by sulfides in undersea environment. The corrosion state of objects in seawater and their damage state after underwater and left in highly humid air were studied. The samples of this study were four iron objects which had been taken out from undersea mud layer located in Taean Mado, Chungcheongnamdo. SEM-EDS and XRD analyse on the objects to check whether they have sulfides or not. The result of analysis suggested that the major component of corrosion product generated in undersea deposit soil is sulfur(S) and iron sulfide(FeS) is formed as sulfide. However, there was no clear corrosion on the surface of objects which was exposed to sea water because of the impact of concretion which covered the surface. In order to check the damage status of iron objects after they had been taken out of sea water, exposure tests in high humidity environment and dehumidified environment were done on the corrosion products. The result of the test suggested that the oxidization of iron sulfide corrosion product makes iron sulfate ($FeSO_4$) and sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) and they can cause secondary corrosion of iron objects. Therefore, it is believed that the iron sulfide corrosion product of iron objects taken out from underwater environment should be removed by all means and the keeping environment of the iron objects should also maintain dehumidified state.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.565-576
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• 2011

This study was conducted to describe forest stand characteristics of the habitats of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum population from the ecological analysis of classification of vegetation types, importance values, species diversity, interspecific association and community similarity in Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambaek, in which investigated by 48 plots ($10m{\times}10m$). The vegetation studied was classified into 1 community group, 2 communities, 2 groups and 3 subgroups for a species unit and divided by 5 units for a vegetation unit. In the Fagus engleriana group (vegetation unit 1, 2 and 3), importance value of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum in herb layer showed relatively higher value than other units. Importance value of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum in herb layer had higher value. In the analysis of interspecific association, most of the species associated positively to A. victorialis var. platyphyllum belonged to habitat features of valley area and sub-alpine zone. Therefore, it was considered that the growing environment of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum population was closely correlated to soil moisture and air humidity.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 2020

Various LIDs with natural water circulation function are applied to reduce urban environmental problems and environmental impact of development projects. However, excessive Infiltration and evaporation of LID facilities dry the LID internal soil, thus reducing plant and microbial activity and reducing environmental re duction ability. The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time measurement system with complex sensors to derive the management plan of LID facilities. The test of measurable sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) application was conducted in artificial wetlands shaped in acrylic boxes. The applied sensors were intended to be built at a low cost considering the distributed LID and were based on Arduino and Raspberry Pi, which are relatively inexpensive and commercialized. In addition, the goal was to develop complex sensor measurements to analyze the current state o f LID facilities and the effects of maintenance and abnormal weather conditions. Sensors are required to measure wind direction, wind speed, rainfall, carbon dioxide, Micro-dust, temperature and humidity, acidity, and location information in real time. Data collection devices, storage server programs, and operation programs for PC and mobile devices were developed to collect, transmit and check the results of measured data from applied sensors. The measurements obtained through each sensor are passed through the Wifi module to the management server and stored on the database server in real time. Analysis of the four-month measurement result values conducted in this study confirmed the stability and applicability of ICT technology application to LID facilities. Real-time measured values are found to be able to utilize big data to evaluate the functions of LID facilities and derive maintenance measures.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.530-536
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• 2006

Hardwood cutting propagation and early growth characteristics were investigated in order to develop the method of cutting propagation and to find out growth characteristics in the low altitude for in situ and ex situ conservation of Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum K. Koch, which is typical arctic alpine plants on Mt. Halla. The growth of roots and shoots was different depending on hormone concentrations or soil conditions. The survival rate, rooting rate, root growth, number of root and shoot growth increased with treatment of 100 mg/l or 500 mg/l NAA. Consequently, optimum condition of hardwood cutting was at treatment with 100 mg/l or 500 mg/l NAA. When plantlets from hardwood cuttings were exposed to the field condition, after 7 months survival rate was 73.3% without shading while $91.1{\sim}94.4%$ at shading conditions. In the green house, however, survival rate of plantlets were $95.6{\sim}97.8%$ without shading. The growth of plantlets was different depending on sites and shading conditions. Particularly, the best growth was obtained when the plantlets were grown in shading conditions. It indicates that relative humidity and light intensity are correlated with the growth in the low altitude area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2024

Hops enhance beer flavor and bitterness, acting as a preservative. In recent years, the booming trend of craft beer has prompted the introduction of foreign hop varieties for cultivation and production in South Korea. This study focuses on developing efficient in vitro culture condition of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) variety 'Cascade' for treatments of plant growth regulators, i.e. IAA and Cytokinin. Using Auxin IAA and Cytokinin 2iP, Zeatin, BAP, and TDZ on MS medium as plant growth regulators, the experiment involved removing three nodes from the shoot apex. In vitro hop culture showed the highest shoot proliferation rate when only IAA was added, with approximately 21% higher compared to the combination with Cytokinin. Notably, IAA 0.1 mg/L + BAP 1 mg/L resulted in a superior shoot proliferation rate of around 91%. IAA 0.1 mg/L + BAP 1 mg/L was advantageous for shoot elongation. Callus induction occurred with TDZ, while control or IAA-only conditions exhibited shoot and root growth. Cytokinin addition led to callus formation and increased weight. Assessing survival and soil adaptation during in vitro hop seedling acclimatization involved maintaining near 100% humidity initially, gradually reducing it over three weeks. When transferred outdoors, 9 out of 10 seedlings acclimated successfully, confirming a 90% acclimatization rate.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.34
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• pp.50-61
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• 2013

The Grave encapsulated by lime soil mixture were excavated with clothing and hemp shoes from the Choseon Dynasty in Gooam, Sacheon. Hemp shoes have wood in the center and their surroundings were made of complex materials including herbaceous ones but the front part was lost or became very fragile. We analyzed the hemp shoes and pre-test of consolidant for conservation treatment of hemp shoes. As a result of analyzing, three kinds of plants were identified. For hemp shoes, Oryza spp, hemp, and one kind of dicotyledones were used and it was analyzed that fabrics attached to the back of Dogaengi was cotton. Conservation methods for pre-test of consolidant, Polyethylene Glycol, Paraloid-B72, Dammar gum, Methyl Cellulose and Silicone resin was selected. The solution was sprayed twice in a 24-hour duration. Properties of consolidant was measured; color difference, glossiness difference, folding streangth and tensile streangth. By comparing the results, PEG was confirmed to the most suitable as consolidant. For the conservation treatment, cleaning and strengthening was conducted. For strengthening treatment, PEG 4000 was selected given that the shoes were made of complex materials. The PEG impregnation method was applied with the PEG 4000 concentration gradually changing from 5% to 80% for reinforcement. Then humidity- controlled drying in order to avoid any rapid environment change.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.858-864
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• 2008

In the greenhouse fields for fruits and vegetables during the winter in Korea, there are serious damages by the sclerotium diseases due to the low temperature and humidity. This study was carried out to select an antagonic agent for the biological control of the sclerotium diseases. The 55 antagonic agents were selected from the rhizosphere in soil where the fruits and vegetables were cultivated in the green house fields, and strain AB02 among the tested isolates was estimated to be the strongest antagonist against the sclerotium disease. Using strain AB02, the antifungal spectrum was tested against 5 different plant pathogens. According to the results of the test, strain AB02 . showed the high antagonistic effect against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. For the experiment of biological control against the sclerotium disease, it was estimated the suppression effect and the control effect by the strain in the pot experiment using the green perilla. According to the result of the pot experiments, the suppression effect was 40% and the control effect was 62%, respectively. For the stimulation effect of the tested plant growth by strain AB02 compared to the control, it was improved as 120% for the total length, 141% for the liveweight, 121% for the total number of leaves, 185% for the leaf area, and 327% for the liveweight of the root, respectively. Strain AB02 showing the antagonistic effect against the sclerotium disease and the stimulation effect for the plant growth was identified as Bacillus sp.