• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.47
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• pp.39-63
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• 2023

Modern medical science tends to categorize addiction as a kind of disease, but a Taoist world-view would not consider addiction to be a disease. Taoists do not have a concept of addiction as an eternal substance. Within the Taoist world-view, human beings are meant to live in harmony with the transformative cycles of nature. Human beings achieve self-realization through balancing themselves with nature. This is what is meant by Self-Realization in Harmony with Nature. There is no disease known as addiction when one's life is in harmony with nature. There are two main principles in the Taoist medical worldview. First, is the theory of correspondences. This theory of correspondences is the foundational to Taoism's value-neutral world-view wherein humans are seen as working together with Heaven and Earth in correlative relationships to create harmonious societies. Second, is the principle of harmony and balance in the Universe. One creature can be in harmony with other creatures and learn to appreciate the interconnectedness of all living beings. Survival of the forest is vital to the survival of natural harmony, balance, morality, and environment. The vitality of the human body depends on the movement of Qi energy. According to the principles of Korean traditional medicine, all human problems stem from the mind. There is no madness, no illness, no tempting fate, and even no death outside of what stems from the mind. Within the human body, there are two principles behind energy systems: harmony and balance. When human beings achieve the state of homeostasis, they obtain Qi flows which are associated with the various organs. In doing so, they can always maintain a healthy state of life in accordance with the cosmic rhythm. Taoist philosophy contains advice that prevents addiction. Empty your mind of all thought. Let your heart be peaceful. Finally, all worries are washed away by the cosmic wave.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2000

Body has been high-lightened as one of the most important theme since the philosophy and the arts are focused on it in the late 20 century. Resurgence of interests in human body has been based on the skepticism on rapid digitalization and do-materialization currently undergoing in electronic media environments. Artists have been endeavoring more and more to find a synthesis which links the conceptual and the sensuous in their works as digitalization gets faster and faster. The Bodily-oriented art uses its visceral qualities, either literally or metaphorically, to engage our total being, not just our mental consciousness, in building a sensuous, evocative statement. Its transcendent ideas are inter- mixed with the fabric of the world. We are touched by this art not only because we understand it cognitively, but because we "feel"it. These characteristics of textile arts caused gradual increase of soft-sculpture works using textiles and implies possibilities of inter-grade of physical and mental world. Ann Hamilton, Magdalena Abakanowiz, Folly Apfelbaum and Pallid Dougherty are, for example, related to the fiber arts. It would be of worth to study the characteristics of contemporary faber-art works, especially done by Abakanowiz who has been regarded as a dominant pioneer in the contemporary fiber arts from the viewpoint of inter-grade of the physicals and the mental. This paper, therefore, deals with the Abaknowiz′works in the context of human body and body-signs. Life and works might be classified into 5 stages; first, learning period since her birth in 1930, second, creation period of Abakan, third, remodelling period of Abakan, fourth, composition and dissolution period of Abakan and the last and fifth, new transformation period of Abakan. ′Abakan′through her whole life as an artist has been a plastic language and based ultimately on external human body but in various materials and forms.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.46-57
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• 2021

Purpose - In terms of human resource management, many Korean enterprises in China have experienced problems such as frequent resignations of Chinese employees and labor disputes. This can be mainly attributed to the fact that Chinese employees are not consistent with Korean vertical management methods, which is closely related to the national culture theory proposed by Hofstede, specifically the dimension of power distance and long- versus short-term orientation (LTO). Therefore, this research aims to investigate cultural differences between Korea and China from these two dimensions, and the impact on the human resource management of Korean-invested enterprises in China. Design/methodology - This research first utilizes the latest data (Wave 7) of the World Values Survey (WVS) to verify the difference in power distance and long- versus short-term orientation between Korean and Chinese cultures using responses from Korea and China, and then uses case analysis to analyze the impact of this cultural difference on the human resource management of Korean enterprises in China. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows. Korea and China have significant differences in power distance and long- versus short-term orientation. In terms of power distance, Korean respondents show higher power distance compared to Chinese respondents. In the dimension of long- versus short-term orientation, it was found that Chinese respondents showed a shorter-term orientation, whereas Korean respondents showed a longer-term orientation. Originality/value - Previous studies put focus on the power distance and individualism-collectivism dimensions to explain cultural differences between Korea and China, and generated contradictory results. This research further confirms the cultural differences between Korea and China from the dimensions of power distance and long-versus short-term orientation using secondary data. The comparative studies from this perspective have long been underexplored and lack empirical confirmation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.22
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• pp.81-97
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• 2011

The technology of 'Virtual Reality' has placed in advanced tools for human beings' joy and anger together with sorrow and pleasure in our generation. It has recently tried in a variety ways to use as an implication for treatment in the field of Cognitive Psychology. Especially, it widely approaches to human in terms of that a sense of reality in a virtual world through the five senses should reinterpret the meaning of cognition in the real world. Based on this paradigm shift, it allows for new treatment using the technology of virtual reality. A typical example is a field of Therapy in order to overcome panic disorder. It has advantages that in particular development of flexible interaction technologies in a virtual space can lead patients to experience psychological environments rather than physical one. the interaction technology provides environments in which users' five senses can be actively stimulated, it is very useful that information from the experiences in the virtual world allows people to learn through real experiences by renewing potential energies, advantages of Virtual Reality Therapy can be customized treatment by depending on symptoms in patients with panic disorder and are capable of differentiate application for the cure at each stage. It is to treat by leading patients to get accustomed to environments and situations in real world through care process with each symptom and stage. It is helpful that based on A Human-Sensibility Ergonomics, technologies like immersive virtual reality equipment, force-relative feedback and stereophonic sound, and like stimulating the sense of smell make people to induce experiences by stimulating human's five senses. There are many advantages of immersion in virtual world in that the phenomenon such as challenge, interaction, reality, illusion, and cooperation is expanded. As an application for therapy by growing such augmented reality, virtual space and sharing of data through the Internet and also inexpensive its availability have recently expanded the base. There are other benefits of Virtual Reality Therapy offering active interaction environments for cognitive experience which can provide appropriately adjusted environments for patients who are hard to overcome the real situation because of phobia. In addition to that it is safe and economical and patients' confidentiality is assured. Moreover, due to the principles of applying real-time navigation the Virtual Reality Therapy makes modification and supplementation easier and also it can reduce cybersickness because of the supply of Lenticular allowing people to see stereoscopy without eyeglasses, which makes sense of presence clearer. On top of that due to the development of interactive technologies, it is becoming close to sense of reality similar to real world by leading users to navigate by themselves and to operate objects in a virtual space. This paper will therefore examine, although it is of limited, characteristics of application of virtual reality technology based on A Human-Sensibility Ergonomics used for treatment for a disorder. this paper will analyse a range of its application and problems and it will suggest the future possibilities.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2017

This study develops an the ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a critical science perspective. The practical problem is 'what should the ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education with a critical science perspective be?' was addressed through a practical reasoning research method with the stages of valued ends, context, alternatives, consequence, and a final plan. The sequential flow of understanding values and contexts established the setting of three valued ends by organizing issues and categorized areas of individuals, families, society, and cultural from a critical science perspective. The ideal portrait of human being was specifically stated, in the self-formation, independent, inter-subjectivity, social participation, and enculturation according to subcategories; in addition, the stated ideal portrait of human being was modified through expert consultations. Alternatives and consequences were reexamined for the validity of the statement and restated as a comprehensive statement of ideal portrait of a human being that included a restatement of the five areas. An ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a critical science perspective was made from alternative ideal portraits of the proposed human being and stated as 'a person who can continually act autonomously in one's life-world.'

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.676-690
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the symbolic meaning in body image and fashion style portrayed in Korea and American movies in aspects of sex, race, nature, and technology. The researcher analyzed movies in Korea and USA, and the results were as follows. In aspects of sex, movies portrayed new masculinity and femininity escaped from previous gender stereotypes, and the clothing styles characterized sex identity and sex roles. In aspects of race, more various races appeared in America movies than Korea＇s, and the appearance and stereotypes related with race were blurred by the globalization and the change of film market environments. In aspects of nature, Korea movie portrayed the human being as lyrical appearance in nature, and America movie expressed the human as a strong men conquering the nature in adventure movie or super human image combined with nature thing which endowed nature＇s superior characteristics to human body in fantasy and science fiction movies. In aspects of technology, the human bodies were described as cyborg, alien, or super human, which symbolized the do-identification in digital world, de-boundarization between human and machines, and the human＇s uncertainty.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

Purpose: A new form of sports human rights platform is needed for policy-related officials, athletes, leaders, and parents to easily share information on sports human rights and to promote communication between the sports community and the outside. Research design, data, and methodology: Participants were collected from athletes (n=3,007) who were registered in Korean Sport & Olympic Committee. Participants were asked to respond the survey items measuring their experiences of human right violations in sport. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Results: The platform should include information on prevention and safety of human rights violations during sports activities, procedures and methods for reporting damage, countermeasures, leader education programs, human rights protection guidelines, roles and supervision of sports organizations and institutions, and related statues. It can form a community as well as exchange information in the Internet space through the operation of bulletin boards by professional athletes, student athletes, parents, and leaders, and plays a role in crisis counseling or information provision. Given the reality that players can be blocked from the outside world, information communication channels on SNS can be a useful means of protecting and improving players' human rights. Conclusions: Therefore, it is necessary to provide a foundation for creating related platforms so that sports human rights sites or SNS can be operated voluntarily. Implications and future directions were discussed.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.8
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• pp.151-173
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• 2006

Even in this current high-tech industrial age, mythological imagination is considered important. Although each mythology scattered all across the world may have an insignificant origin, to understand that particular society fully, one must not mistakenly assume that the mythology itself is a production of a primitive mind. Ultramodern physics and futurology professor Freeman Dyson has also acknowledged this opinion. He insists that in order for human kind to survive into the far future it most keep in touch with its far past. Levi-Strauss also observes that mythology and science aren't a entirely separate domains. The scientific mind is regarded as a source of understanding the intrinsic qualities of mythology. Taking mythology and science as a binomial opposition, and only weighing their prospects, should be put to the past as we should recognize the need for mythology and science's qualitative unification. In this new point of view, regarding mythology as a meaningless irrationality should cease, while finding out why the inevitably related world of mythology needs metaphoric, ideological consideration. By utilizing 'Whale Rider' by Witi Ihimaera(2004) we will discover why our lives require an 'image' that is borrowed from our experience. The author, Witi Ihimaera, is originally from the Maori tribe, who approaches the world with a mythological imagination, which is not easy to understand with scientific thinking nor in modern civilization. When looking into the mythology of the ocean which still lives in modern civilization, while noting that the world is one, the author indicates that reality and unreality, nature and the super-natural, present and the past, science and fantasy, were not divided from the beginning. However, overtime humans have divided the borders. To do this, the author interprets the ancient emotions of the Maori tribe which have been traditionally accumulated in the group identity in a new literary way by introducing the Maori tribe's ancestral god, Paikia, who can converse with the ocean and the whales. This piece, which has been made into a movie and won awards in 5 international film festivals, including the Toronto International Film Festival, regards primitive emotions as a rational concept instead of an instrumental concept. Also these primative emotions are continuing their attempts to communicate with nature. Furthermore, it advises contemporary human beings who seek for eternal life to not exploit the cultural differences that have been formed naturally, and it is vital for human beings to transcend the ethnic boundaries and to think rationally. In the story, we can find "the dissimilar us" that philosopher E. Levinas mentioned in his sayings, which refers to responsible human beings who devote their lives for the sake of other people instead of fulfilling their own needs.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.34
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• pp.107-139
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• 2020

This paper primarily focuses on the highest deity, the Upper Thearch of the Nine Heavens (officially translated as 'The Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven'), in the Korean new religious movement (NRM) Daesoon Jinrihoe and the true minister of the myriad spirits in the Taiwanese NRM, Yiguan Dao, the Upper Thearch of Manifest Luminosity. As the two both serve as highly representative "Upper Thearch" beliefs in emerging NRMs, I attempt a comparative analysis of the source of these beliefs, their characteristics, and the links that exist between them. On the basis of ancient Chinese classics and Daoist texts, along with Daesoon Jinrihoe's scriptures and works from Yiguan Dao's Canon, I try to understand the distinguishing features of cosmological ideas from both religious movements. For example, because the Upper Thearch of the Nine Heavens could not bear to see the human realm growing ever more disordered and in order to improve worldly conditions, he traveled to the harmonized realm of deities, and therefore descended into the world to make a great itineration and enlighten the people through his teachings. In the end, he came to Korea and was reborn as Kang Jeungsan (secular name: Kang Il-Sun) in Gaekmang Village. In the Human Realm, he spread his transformative teachings to the people which were later became the doctrines of the Virtuous Concordance of Yin and Yang, Harmonious Union between Divine Beings and Human Beings, the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence, and Perfected Unification (jingyeong 真境) with the Dao. Yiguan Dao; however, explains that the source of humanity is the "Heaven of Principle" (Litian 理天), and people are "Buddha's Children of the Original Embryo" (Yuantai Fozi 原胎佛子), created by the Upper Thearch of Manifest Luminosity, who came to world to govern and impart spiritual refinement, before returning to his native place in the Heaven of Principle. Yet, because he became infatuated with the world of mortals, he forgot the path of his return. Therefore, the Eternal Mother sent Maitreya Buddha, the Living Buddha Jigong 濟公, and the Bodhisattva of Moon Wisdom (Yuehui pusa 月慧菩薩) to descend to the human world and teach the people, so that they may acknowledge the Eternal Mother as the root of return, achieve their return to the origin, and go back to the home of the Eternal Mother in the Heaven of Principle. Both Daesoon Jinrihoe and Yiguan Dao refer to their highest deity, the true ministers of the myriad spirits, with the simple title "Upper Thearch." This phenomenon also has some ties to God in the western Biblical tradition but also has some key differences. In investigating the sources of these two deities, we find that they likely took shape during the Yinshang (殷商) period and have some relationship to the Upper Thearch of Chinese antiquity. The questions raised in this research are quite interesting and deserving of deeper comparative study.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.747-763
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• 2013

Books on world geography, so called "萬國地誌" had an important influence on changing Koreans' views of the world and the nation through the introduction of new world geographical knowledge during the period of modern enlightenment(1894~1910). "小學萬國地誌" was published in 1895 by Hakbu as an early world geography textbook. This study sought to discuss the significance and influence of "小學萬國地誌" by focusing on its contents organization and description style. The findings are as follows. The six regional contents organization adopted the modern regional geographical method by regional scale classification, describing the human geography based on the physical geography, comparing regional characteristics or studying the relationship between human and the nature. In addition, this textbook was written using the kukhanmun style that displays several characteristics of modern printing culture. Many geographical names were written in Korean characters and geographical knowledge was accepted actively from the modern world, subsequently contributing to the generalization of geographical knowledge. This textbook led to the transition of the Koreans' worldview from a China-centric focus by providing practical and specific knowledge about the world, toward the Korean modernization based on the multiple ideologies of social Darwinism and the advent of enlightenment, imperialism and nationalism.