• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.531-546
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• 2017

Activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in articular chondrocytes increases the catabolic compartment and leads to matrix degradation during the development of osteoarthritis. In this study, we determined the proteomic and genomic alterations in human chondrocytes during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of TLR-4 activation. Human chondrocytes were cultured with LPS for 12, 24, and 36 h to induce TLR-4 activation. The TLR-4-induced inflammatory response was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis of increased interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) expression levels. In TLR-4-activated chondrocytes, proteomic changes were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectroscopy analysis, and genomic changes were determined by microarray and gene ontology analyses. Proteomics analysis identified 26 proteins with significantly altered expression levels; these proteins were related to the cytoskeleton and oxidative stress responses. Gene ontology analysis indicated that LPS treatment altered specific functional pathways including 'chemotaxis', 'hematopoietic organ development', 'positive regulation of cell proliferation', and 'regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process'. Nine of the 26 identified proteins displayed the same increased expression patterns in both proteomics and genomics analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed the LPS-induced increases in expression levels of lamin A/C and annexins 4/5/6. In conclusion, this study identified the time-dependent genomic, proteomic, and functional pathway alterations that occur in chondrocytes during LPS-induced TLR-4 activation. These results provide valuable new insights into the underlying mechanisms that control the development and progression of osteoarthritis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.656-663
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• 2014

Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. The slowly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ ($I_{Ks}$) channel is a cardiac $K^+$ channel composed of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits. The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating $I_{Ks}$ channels. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated activation of human $I_{Ks}$ channel activity by expressing human $I_{Ks}$ channels in Xenopus oocytes. We found that gintonin enhances $I_{Ks}$ channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The $EC_{50}$ for the $I_{Ks}$ channel was $0.05{\pm}0.01{\mu}g/ml$. Gintonin-mediated activation 1 of the $I_{Ks}$ channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an $IP_3$ receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. Gintonin-mediated activation of both the $I_{Ks}$ channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. Mutations in the KCNQ1 $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on $I_{Ks}$ channel. However, gintonin had no effect on hERG $K^+$ channel activity. These results show that gintonin-mediated enhancement of $I_{Ks}$ channel currents is achieved through binding of the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$/CaM complex to the C terminus of KCNQ1 subunit.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Transgenic chickens have been spotlighted as an highly potent bioreactor for their fecundity, short generation time, and eggs associated with mass production of protein. In this study, we generated transgenic chickens exhibiting oviduct specific expression of human growth hormone fused to human transferrin for oral administration. Gene of the modified growth hormone located at downstream ovalbumin promoter (~3.6 kb) was introduced to stage X blastodermal cell employing retrovirus vector system. Several transgenic chickens were successfully generated. However, genomic analyses showed unexpected deletion within the transgene. The modification of the transgene seemed to occur during germ cell formation because the deletion was detected only from the sperm DNA of the G0 founder animal. There was no evidence of deletion in the somatic cell DNA samples of the same chicken. Consequently, same pattern of the deletion was confirmed in both somatic and germ cells of the G1 progeny.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.822-826
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• 2010

In order to validate the use of Faeces Trogopterori as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effect of water-soluble extract of F. Trogopterori (EFT) on the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), of which chemokine stimulates the migration of mononuclear cells, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The extract inhibited dose-dependently MCP-1 production without its cytotoxic effect on HUVECs, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of MCP-1, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that F. Trogopterori may have therapeutic potential in the control of endothelial disorders caused by inflammation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

Human growth hormone (hGH), one of the most important hormones in medicine, is secreted from anterior pituitary gland. Its broad physiological function includes body growth, cell regeneration, increasement of muscle volume, bone density, body fat reduction, and so on. Due to the wide range of therapeutic effects, the hGH produced from E. coli has been commercialized already. In this study, we asked whether it is possible to produce recombinant hGH efficiently from various cultured mammalia cells. To meet this purpose, we chose a retrovirus vector system for transfer and expression of the hGH gene in various mammalian cells. Analyses of RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot to determine expression of the hGH gene showed the highest production of the hGH was determined from chicken embronic fibroblast (CEF) cells with the concentration of 8.58 ${\mu}g$/ml. The biological activity of the hGH was similar to the commercially available counterpart. These results suggest that mass production of hGH is possible not only in the E. coli but also in the various mammalian cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2017

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults and has poor prognosis. The GBM-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, immune escape, local invasion, and metastasis of GBM. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and differential concentration of glucose influence the expression of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10, in human glial cell lines. Treatment with cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 in a dose-dependent manner in CRT-MG and U251-MG astroglioma cells, but not in microglia cells. However, we found strikingly different patterns of expression of cytokines and chemokines between $H_2O_2$-treated CRT-MG cells cultured in low- and high-glucose medium. These results suggest that astroglioma and microglia cells exhibit distinct patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression in response to $CoCl_2$ and $H_2O_2$ treatment, and different concentrations of glucose influence this expression under either hypoxic or oxidant-enriched conditions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2004

Objectives and methods : This research aims to study about conversion system of channels. In the present study, we investigated the movement and conversion of channels on the base of three step theory(三才論), Yeak(易), Hado.Laksea(河圖洛書) and five elements motion and six kinds of factors(Six-Qi). Results and Conclusions : The organization of meridian is composed of the following three parts: hand and foot, Yin and Yang, and the viscera and bowals. It is play an important role in energy flow and its conversion. The law governing energy conversion is divided into three groups i.e. taiyin-yangming channel, shaoyin-taiyang channel and jueyin-shaoyang channel group. Those are composed of Deadea(對待) of Six-Qi, making the body homeostasis. Taken together, we suggest that the conversion system of meridian is founded on the unity between the human body and nature which provides the medical workers with a necessary method of thinking in treating diseases.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The one of the most important factors is the platoon design on developing AH3(Advanced Highway System), as it is related to traffic efficiency and drivers' safety. This study was evaluated that how much speed is comfortable for drivers and how long distance is appropriate for vehicular gap of platoon by measuring drivers' physiology signal and sensibility. A fixed-based AHS simulator was developed by using a real vehicle cockpit and the restructured part of Korean highway for human factors evaluation. The EEG(electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram) and GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) were measured for obtaining drivers' physiology signal according to the change of speed and gap. The brain wave(${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\delta},\;{\theta}$) by EEG, the response of the autonomic nervous system. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, by ECG, and relax-arousal situation by GSR were analyzed. The SD(Semantic Differential) method was also applied to evaluate drivers' sensibility by 5-grade evaluation scale with 96 adjectives. SSQ(Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) was used to measure the simulator sickness of pre and post driving, two times. As the results, drivers were comfortable with 120km/h speed of platoon and lam to 15m vehicular distance. The results of this study may differ from the adaption of the reality because of many parameters. However, the purpose of this study is show to significant results of the drivers' safety and the acceptability of human factors evaluation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2011

In order to validate the use of Olibanum as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effect of water-soluble extract of Olibanum (EO) on the expression of pro-inflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. The extract inhibited dose-dependently VCAM-1 expression without its cytotoxic effect on HUVECs, as measured by a flow cytometer using fluorescence-enhanced anti-VCAM-1 antibody, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of VCAM-1, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that Olibanum may have therapeutic potential in the control of endothelial disorders caused by inflammation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1976

Effect of Electro Convulsion Therapy (ECT) on the Human Growth Hormone (HGH) response was observed in 32 cases of various mental illness. The patients were fasting overnight and ECT was induced in the morning by application of $90{\sim}120V$ for a period of $0.1{\sim}0.5\;sec$. In all patients, venous blood samples were taken prior to simultaneously with 1 and 4 hours after the ECT. Plasma was immediately seperated and stored in $-20^{\circ}C$ refrigerator. HGH concentrantion was determined by means of radioimmunoassay Results were as follows: 1. Application of electric current was not followed by a significant change in mean plasma HGH of 52 cases. 2 Increases of plasma HGH following ECT were observed in about half cases showing low initial level but in 20 other cases with high initial level of plasma HGH, reasonable decreases after therapy were not found. 3. Plasma concentration of HGH one hour after application of current were always higher than just after the current. 4. There were no differences between HGH responses to a 1st, 2nd or 5th ECT. 5. Discussions were made on the possible modification of HGH response following ECT by the autoregulatory control mechanism.