• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2002

There are over 4,000 different chemicals in cigarette smoke, including nicotine and tar. These compounds influence on lung tissue directly or indirectly. In this study, we have examined whether an aqueous extract of Se-Yeon-Eum (SYE), composed of Oriental medicine that has been known to be effective to symptom by smoking, inhibits nicotine- or cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic lung fibroblast, MRC-9. Assessment of cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay indicated that SYE inhibited not only nicotine-induced cytotoxicity but also CSE-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest the possibility that the use of SYE may be useful for improvement of many symptoms by smoking.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.620-627
• /
• 2014

We have previously shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-760, miR-186, miR-337-3p, and miR-216b stimulate premature senescence through protein kinase CK2 (CK2) downregulation in human colon cancer cells. Here, we examined whether these four miRNAs are involved in the replicative senescence of human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells. miR-760 and miR-186 were significantly upregulated in replicatively senescent IMR-90 cells, and their joint action with both miR-337-3p and miR-216b was necessary for efficient downregulation of the ${\alpha}$ subunit of CK2 ($CK2{\alpha}$) in IMR-90 cells. A mutation in any of the four miRNA-binding sequences within the $CK2{\alpha}3^{\prime}$-untranslated region (UTR) indicated that all four miRNAs should simultaneously bind to the target sites for $CK2{\alpha}$ downregulation. The four miRNAs increased senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) staining, p53 and $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in proliferating IMR-90 cells. $CK2{\alpha}$ overexpression almost abolished this event. Taken together, the present results suggest that the upregulation of miR-760 and miR-186 is associated with replicative senescence in human lung fibroblast cells, and their cooperative action with miR-337-3p and miR-216b may induce replicative senescence through $CK2{\alpha}$ downregulation-dependent ROS generation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.106.1-106.1
• /
• 2003

Cadmium (Cd) is an inorganic toxicant of great environmental and occupational concern which was classified as a human carcinogen in 1993. Occupational cadmium exposure is associated with lung cancer in human. In the present study, we established the mechanistic basis of apoptotic cell death induced by Cd in WI38 human lung fibroblast. Cd at 20-80 ${\mu}$M decreased viablility of cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PI staining, TUNEL staining and DNA fragmentation analysis demonstrated the apoptotic cell death by Cd. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 1996

Attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was propagated in human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells Among media tested in this work, DMEM was the best medium for the growth of HLF cells. Because HLF was a normal finite cell line, cell growth late was dependent on the age of HLF cells. When the population doubling level (PDL) was higher than 46, apoptosis of HLF cells started and cell growth rate decreased. The optimum temperature for the cell growth and virus propagation in the T-flask culture was $37^{\circ}C$. In a microcarrier culture system in which Cytodex-3 was used for the VZV propagation in spinner vessels, the yield of plaque forming cells was lower than that in the T-flask culture. The relatively high shear environment near microcarriers was thought to cause the low yield of VZV in the microcarrier culture system.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.317-325
• /
• 1998

The primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells was performed using the inferior nasal turbinate tissues, and infected with Hantaan virus to examine the hypothesis of airborne transmission of Hantaan virus in humans. The primary culture cells were identified as epithelial cells by morphologic and immunologic analyses. The viral antigens were detected in the primary human nasal epithelial cells infected with Hantaan virus by immunofluorescence staining. The ICAM-1 induction by Hantaan virus or $IFN-{\gamma}$ was examined in the primary human nasal epithelial cells and human lung fibroblasts (WI-38). Hantaan virus induced the surface ICAM-1 in WI-38 cells in a time-dependent manner, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ induced the surface ICAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner in HNEC and WI-38 cells. These results revealed that the human nasal epithelial cells are susceptible to Hantaan viral infection supporting the hypothesis of airborne transmission of Hantaan virus in humans. The human lung fibroblasts also might have an important role in the pathogenesis of Hantaan virus through the induction of ICAM-1.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.8
• /
• pp.879-885
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The human lung fibroblast may act as an immunomodulatory cell by providing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are important in airway remodeling. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces mucosal edema and angiogenesis. Thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) induces selective migration of T helper 2 cells. We investigated whether human lung fibroblasts produced VEGF and TARC, and the effects were augmented with the co-culture of fibroblasts and human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMC), and whether dexamethasone can inhibit the proliferation and the release of VEGF in lung fibroblasts. Methods : Human lung fibroblasts were cultured with and without HBSMC, growth-arrested in serum-deprived medium, and pretreated with dexamethasone for 16 hours. After 24-hour stimulation with platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and/or transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$), culture supernatant was harvested for assays of VEGF and TARC. Cell proliferation was assayed using BrdU cell proliferation ELISA kit. Results : 1) The release of VEGF was significantly increased after stimulation with TGF-${\beta}$, and its release was augmented when co-stimulated with PDGF and TGF-${\beta}$. 2) VEGF release induced by PDGF or TGF-${\beta}$ was inhibited by dexamethasone. 3) There was no synergistic effect on the release of VEGF when human lung fibroblasts were co-cultured with HBSMC. 4) Dexamethasone did not suppress human lung fibroblasts proliferations. 5) Neither TGF-${\beta}$ nor PDGF induced TARC release from lung fibroblasts. Conclusion : Human lung fibroblasts may modulate airway remodeling by release of VEGF, but they have no synergistic effects when co-cultured with HBSMC. Dexamethasone suppresses VEGF release, not proliferation of lung fibroblast.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2017

Emphysema, a pathologic component of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes irreversible destruction of lung. Many researchers have reported that mesenchymal stem cells can regenerate lung tissue after emphysema. We evaluated if spheroid human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) showed greater regenerative effects than dissociated ASCs in mice with elastase-induced emphysema. ASCs were administered via an intrapleural route. Mice injected with spheroid ASCs showed improved regeneration of lung tissues, increased expression of growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and a reduction in proteases with an induction of protease inhibitors when compared with mice injected with dissociated ASCs. Our findings indicate that spheroid ASCs show better regeneration of lung tissues than dissociated ACSs in mice with elastase-induced emphysema.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2002

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the chemical hazard will be important to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 18 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in vitro. 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenol (CAS No. 88-04-0) induced chromosomal aberrations with significance at the concentration of 15.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. Phenoxybenzene (CAS No. 101-84-8) which is one of the most cytotoxic chemical among 18 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity in the range of 0.11-0.43 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 18 synthetic chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenol (CAS No. 88-04-0) revealed weak positive clastogenic results in this study.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2006

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the chemical hazard will be important to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 11 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in vitro. 1-Chloro-3-bromopropane CAS No. 109-70-6) induced chromosomal aberrations with significance at the concentration of $185.0\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system, respectively. Triphenyl phosphite (CAS No. 101-02-0), which is one of the most cytotoxic chemical among 11 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity in the range of $95.0-4.9\;{\mu}g/mL$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 11 synthetic chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, 1-chloro-3-bromopropane revealed a positive clastogenic result in this study.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2004

The validation of many synthetic chemicals that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, the regulation and evaluation of the chemical hazard playa very important role to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 11 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast in vitro. Benzoyl chloride (CAS No. 98-88-4) induced chromosomal aberrations with statistical significance at the concentration of 31-123 $\mug/ml$ and 43 $\mug/ml$ in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, respectively. 2-Propyn-l-o1 (CAS No. 107-19-7) and 2-Phenoxy ethanol (CAS No. 122-99-6) revealed clastogenicity only at the highest concentration in the presence of S-9 mixture. However, 1-naphthol (CAS No. 90-15-3) which is one of the most cytotoxic chemical among 11 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity both in the presence and absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 11 synthetic chemicals in CHL fibroblast in vitro, Benzoyl chloride (CAS No. 98-88-4), 2-Propyn-l-01 (CAS No. 107-19-7) and 2-Phenoxy ethanol (CAS No. 122-99-6) revealed positive clastogenic results in this study.