• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.356-361
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• 2004

When SiHa cells were incubated for varying periods of time with extracts of PFF and PFM, the cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of PFF was higher than those of the other extracts. These results indicated that the extracts from fruiting bodies of p. ferulae contain antitumor Substances. When A549, SiHa and HeLa cells were incubated with different concentrations of PFF and PFM extracts, the ethanol extracts of PFF showed strong cytotoxicity against A549 tells at concentrations over $10{\mu}g/mL$ and against SiHa and HeLa cells at concentrations over $40{\mu}g/mL$. However, the differences in the cytotoxic effects of the hot water and ethanol extracts of PFM and the hot water extracts of PFF on all 3 cancer cells were not significant. Also, the PFF ethanol extracts induced synergistic effects on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, which were strongly resistant to TRAIL. These results indicated that ethanol extracts of PFF were the most prominent antitumor agents toward lung cancer cells (A549).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.574-577
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• 2001

A 54-year-old homosexual man was diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive in 1992. He was admitted to a tertiary hospital in March, 2000 because of right flank pain, fever and intermittent cough. A chest roentgenogram showed right-sided pleural effusion, and closed thoracostomy was performed for drainage Salmonella species and Escherichia coli were isolated from the pleural fluid. In spite of 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment, fever did not subside and the general condition gradually deteriorated, and under the diagnosis of lung abscess with empyema thoracis, right pleuropneumonectomy was performed. The general condition improved postoperatively until day 10 when he showed sudden change in mental status to stuporous and developed focal seizure. Brain CT showed multiple abscesses in right frontal and left frontotemporal lobes and he expired on postoperative day 14.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

Tetrazolium violet is a tetrazolium salt and has been proposed as an antitumor agent. In this study, we reported for the first time that tetrazolium violet not only inhibited human lung cancer A549 cell proliferation but also induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. The results showed that tetrazolium violet significantly decreased the viability of A549 cells at $5-15{\mu}M$. Tetrazolium violet -induced apoptosis in A549 cells was confirmed by H33258 staining assay. In A549, tetrazolium violet blocked the progression of the cell cycle at G1 phase by inducing p53 expression and further up-regulating p21/WAF1 expression. In addition, an enhancement in Fas/APO-1 and its two forms of ligands, membrane-bound Fas ligand (mFasL) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), as well as caspase, were responsible for the apoptotic effect induced by tetrazolium violet. The conclusion of this study is that tetrazolium violet induced p53 expression which caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings suggest that tetrazolium violet has strong potential for development as an agent for treatment lung cancer.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

In the present study, in order to investigate the anti-proliferative phenomenon of PLME, the effects of mycelial extract of Phellinus linteus (PLME) on the growth of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was examined. We studied on the effects of PLME on the release of nitric oxide (NO) in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. Treatment of PLME to A549 cells resulted in the growth inhibition, morphological change and induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay. We found that PLME stimulated a dose-dependent increase in NO production. These findings suggest that PLME enhances the anti-tumoral activity of macrophage and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinoma cells.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Objectives : Recent studies have suggested that Platycodonis Radix has various pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-asthma, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular protection effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of water extract of Platycodonis Radix (WPR)-induced autophagy in H460 human lung cancer cells. Methods : H460 cells were treated with WPR and cell viability was calculated by an MTT assay. To evaluate changes in apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes, Western blotting was performed. Two kinds of autophagy inhibitors, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1, were pretreated to confirm the role of WPR-induced autophagy. Results : WPR reduced the viability of H460 cells in a treatment concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with induction of apoptosis. It was also confirmed that WPR induced autophagy based on the formation of specific intracellular vacuoles and changes in the expression of autophagy-related genes. Interestingly, pretreatment with 3-MA and bafilomycin A1 increased WPR-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Conclusions : WPR induced autophagy at low concentrations and early stages of treatment, but promoted apoptosis at high concentrations and late stages. Moreover, WPR-induced autophagy had a cytoprotective role in H460 cells.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer effects of different fractions of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods: We isolated hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions from crude ethanol extract of AM. The cell death was examined by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis was detected by DAPI staining, annexin V-PI double staining and cell cycle analysis. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was examined by western blot. Results: Among various fractions of AM, the ethyl acetate fraction of AM (EAM) showed the strongest cytotoxic effect in NSCLC cells. EAM reduced the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in NSCLC cells. In addition, EAM induced the chromatin condensation, and increased the population of sub-G1 phase and annexin V-positive cells in a time-dependent manner, indicating that EAM induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Consistently, EAM enhanced the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and -9, and induced the accumulation of cleaved- poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Among MAPK proteins, only ERK was dephosphorylated by EAM, suggesting that ERK might be related with EAM-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results clearly demonstrate that EAM exhibited anti-cancer effects in NSCLC cells by induction of apoptosis. We provide a valuable evidence which suggests that AM could be a desirable therapeutic option for treatment of NSCLC.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity and potential molecular mechanism of 70% ethanol extracts of branches from Taxillus yadoriki parasitic to Neolitsea sericea (TN-NS-B) against human lung cancer cells, A549. TY-NS-B dose-dependently suppressed the growth of A549 cells. TY-NS-B decreased ${\beta}$-catenin protein level, but not mRNA level in A549 cells. The downregulation of ${\beta}$-catenin protein level by TY-NS-B was attenuated in the presence of MG132. Although TY-NS-B phosphorylated ${\beta}$-catenin protein, the inhibition of $GSK3{\beta}$ by LiCl did not blocked the reduction of ${\beta}$-catenin by TY-NS-B. In addition, TY-NS-B decreased ${\beta}$-catenin protein in A549 cells transfected with Flag-tagged wild type ${\beta}$-catenin or Flag-tagged S33/S37/T41 mutant ${\beta}$-catenin construct. Our results suggested that TN-NS-B may downregulate ${\beta}$-catenin protein level independent on GSK3${\beta}$-induced ${\beta}$-catenin phosphorylation. Based on these findings, TY-NS-B may be a potential candidate for the development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for human lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 1993

Background: Recent advancement of molecular genetics has revealed that malignant transformation of a cell may be a complex multistep process and this process is grouped, in general, into two distinct categories, activation of protooncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. This study was focused on the mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene, because p53 gene mutation is now generally accepted to be one of the most frequent genetic changes in a variety of human cancers. Although lung cancer is one of the common cancers in Korea, the genetic change in the carcinogenesis process is not yet known clearly. To investigate the role of p53 gene mutation in lung cancer, we examined the mutations of exon 4-8 of the p53 gene in humna lung cancer cell lines, because most of the mutations of p53 gene have been reported to develop in exon 4-8. Method: Genomic DNA was obtained by the digestion of proteinase K and the extraction by phenol-chloroform-ethanol method from two human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines, PC-9 and PC-14, and one human small cell lung cancer cell line, H69. To detect the mutations of exon 4-8 of the p53 gene, polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) analysis was performed with the DNA extracted from the cells. Results: The mutation of p53 gene was present in all three cell lines tested. In PC-9, PC-14 and H69, the altered mobility was detected in exon 7, 7 and 5, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that p53 gene mutation plays an important role in certain steps of the carcinogenesis of human non-small cell and small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.822-834
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• 2007

This study searched the philosophical and medical thought of mutual understanding and human body. Mutual understanding is a fundamental problem in all branches of oriental studies. In other words, mutual understanding becomes the existential foundation of heaven-earth-human(三才). So human beings, heaven and the earth can't exist if there is no mutual understanding. It comes out the problem of self-consciousness in philosophy, and qi movement pattern like upward, downward, inward and outward movement in traditional korean medicine. Human beings have mutual understandings with heaven and the earth from a macroscopic standpoint, on the other side the human body from a microscopic standpoint. Qi movement is the mutual understanding and response of qi in human body, so with which the physiological functions and pathologic changes of viscera and bowels comes out. Therefore we want to present how to complete qi movement between viscera-bowels and organs to examine mutual understandings in human body closely. The results was summarized as follows; First, upbearing the clear yang and down bearing the turbid yin of spleen-stomach is main pivot of upward and downward of qi movement, and it is true form of mutual understandings between viscera and bowels, so upward, downward, inward and outward movement of whole viscera and bowels can be controlled by spleen-stomach. Second, by restraining relationships between downward heart fire and upward kidney water, heart fire and kidney water have close communications physiologically and pathologically as upper-lower, yin-yang and water-fire. Third, by restraining relationships between upbearing and effusion of liver and purification and down-sending of lung, liver and lung are outer circles of upward and downward movement, so they have antagonistic functions. Firth, by the relationships between upbearing the clear and down bearing the turbid of spleen-stomach and free coursing of liver, free coursing of liver-gallbladder is the essential requirement that it certify transportation and transformation of spleen-earth, so the disease of liver-gallbladder induce spleen-stomach disease pattern to affect its function of transportation and transformation. Fifth, by spleen and kidney, spleen yang is based on kidney yang, so the weakness of kidney yang can affect the function of transportation and transformation of spleen-stomach as it can't warm spleen earth. Sixth, by homogeny of liver-kidney, essence and blood of liver-kidney and ministerial fire of liver-kidney have mutal generation and limitation physiologically and they mutually are affected in pathologically.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.894-902
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• 1996

Background : Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of new vessels toward and within tumor. It has been demonstrated that the growth of tumor beyond a certain size requires angiogenesis and it is closely involved in tumor progression and metastasis. The finding that intensity of neovascularization correlates independently with metastasis may lead to identification of patients in whom radical surgery should be supplemented by systemic treatment. Method : We have collected paraffin blocks of bronchoscopic biopsy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We highlighted the vessel by staining endothelial cell with JC70 monoclonal antibody(to CD31) immunohistochemically and counted microvessels under 200 X field using light microscopy. Results : 1) The mean microvessel count was $32.7{\pm}20.8$ (9-96) in total 29 cases. 2) There were no correlations between microvessel counts and pathologic cell type, T staging, node melastasis(N) and hematogenous metastasis(M) (p>0.05). 3) The median follow-up duration was 15 months(2-46) and there was no correlation between the microvessel counts and survival rate of lung cancer patients (p>0.05). Conclusion : Tumor angiogenesis seems to be an important prognostic factor suggesting the probability of metastasis. But the microvessel count in the bronchoscopic biopsy specimen was inadequate and very limited. There has been no data about angiogenesis of lung cancer in korea yet So the study of tumor angiogenesis using resected lung tumor specimen would be demanded.