• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

To gain further insight into the relationship between structure and function of glutathione S-transferase (GST), the four cysteine mutants, C14S, C47S, C101S and C169S, of human GST P1-1 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography on immobilized glutathione (GSH). The catalytic activities of the four mutant enzymes were characterized with five different substrates as well as by their binding to four different inhibitors. Cys14 seems to participate in the catalytic reaction of GST by stabilizing the conformation of the active-site loop, not in the GSH binding directly. The substitution of Cys47 with serine significantly reduces the affinity of GSH binding, although it does not prevent GSH binding. On the other hand, the substitution of Cys101 with serine appears to change the binding affinity of electrophilic substrate by inducing a conformational change of the $\alpha-helix$ D. Cys169 seems to be important for maintaining the stable conformation of the enzyme. In addition, all four cysteine residues are not needed for the steroid isomerase activity of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2019

This work presents a design and control method for a flexible robot arm operated by a wire drive that follows human gestures. When moving the robot arm to a desired position, the necessary wire moving length is calculated and the motors are rotated accordingly to the length. A robotic arm is composed of a total of two module-formed mechanism similar to real human motion. Two wires are used as a closed loop in one module, and universal joints are attached to each disk to create up, down, left, and right movements. In order to control the motor, the anti-windup PID was applied to limit the sudden change usually caused by accumulated error in the integral control term. In addition, master/slave communication protocol and operation program for linking 6 motors to MYO sensor and IMU sensor output were developed at the same time. This makes it possible to receive the image information of the camera attached to the robot arm and simultaneously send the control command to the robot at high speed.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.74-92
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• 2005

The high resolution solution structure of MCP-3 was determined using multinuclear, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy with an expressed and $^{13}C-\;and\;^{15}N-labeled$ protein. The MCP-3 has a typical chemokine fold including 3 anti-parallel $\beta-sheets$, and a C-terminal helix, but it exists as a monomer in solution under the conditions where the structure was determined (2 mM, pH 5.1 at $30^{\circ}C$). Based on the structure and the amino acid sequence compared to other chemokines we propose that Ile20 and Leu25 in MCP-3 play key roles in the formation of N-loop (residues between the $2^{nd}$ cysteine and the I sheet) which has been implicated as a determinant of chemokine specificity. Additional receptor binding surface is supplied by the 40s loop (residues between the 2 and the 3 sheet) and the binding interface of the acidic N-terminal region of chemokine receptor to MCP-3 would resemble the dimerization interface of CC type dimer.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

Active vibration control via inertial mass actuators has been shown as an effective tool to significantly reduce human-induced vertical vibrations, allowing structures to satisfy vibration serviceability limits. However, a lot of practical obstacles have to be solved before experimental implementations. This has motivated simple control techniques, such as direct velocity feedback control (DVFC), which is implemented in practice by integrating the signal of an accelerometer with a band-pass filter working as a lossy integrator. This work provides practical guidelines for the tuning of DVFC considering the damping performance, inertial mass actuator limitations, such as stroke and force saturation, as well as the stability margins of the closed-loop system. Experimental results on a full scale steel-concrete composite structure (behaves similar to a footbridge) with adjustable span are reported to illustrate the main conclusions of this work.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.8 s.99
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• pp.790-796
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• 2005

In order to accomplish a wireless communication of capsule endoscopy, an environment study in the human body and receiving antenna design have been performed. The proposed antenna is the loop antenna designed to minimize the propagation loss in multi-loss layer such as the human body and utilize the magnetic field. Considering the propagation loss in the human body, the frequency range is from 400 MHz to 500 MHz. Acorrrding to the FCC regulations, the permittivity and conductivity for each human tissue were extracted. We set up an equivalent model and make an aqueous solution which is replaced with the human body. Due to movement of capsule in the human body which propagation loss is extremly severe, an array antenna is required. Irrespective of the location of transmission antenna transmitting a signal of 1 mW, we confirme what it is possible for the enough signal detection as the average signal level of array antenna is -60 dBm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.8C
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• pp.583-590
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a spatially adaptive post-processing algorithm for H.264 video coding standard to remove blocking artifacts. The loop filter of H.264 increases computational complexity of the encoder. Furthermore it doesn't clearly remove the blocking artifacts, resulting in over-blurring. For overcoming them, we combine the projection method with the Constraint Least Squares(CLS) method to restore the high quality image. To reflect the Human Visual System, we adopt the weight norm CLS method. Particularly pixel location-based local variance and laplacian operator are newly defined for the CLS method. In addition, the fact that correlation among adjoining pixels is high is utilized to constrain the solution space when the projection method is applied. Quantization Index(QP) of H.264 is also used to control the degree of smoothness. The simulation results show that the proposed post-processing filter works better than the loop filter of H.264 and converges more quickly than the CLS method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.454-464
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• 2019

Salmonellosis is a highly contagious bacterial disease that threatens both human and poultry health. Tests that can detect Salmonella in the field are urgently required to facilitate disease control and for epidemiological investigations. Here, we combined loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with a chromatographic lateral flow dipstick (LFD) to rapidly and accurately detect Salmonella. LAMP primers were designed to target the Salmonella invA gene. LAMP conditions were optimized by adjusting the ratio of inner to outer primers, $MgSO_4$ concentration, dNTP mix concentration, amplification temperature, and amplification time. We evaluated the specificity of our novel LAMP-LFD method using six Salmonella species and six related non-Salmonella strains. All six of the Salmonella strains, but none of the non-Salmonella strains, were amplified. LAMP-LFD was sensitive enough to detect concentrations of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pullorum genomic DNA as low as $89fg/{\mu}l$, which is 1,000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. When artificially contaminated feed samples were analyzed, LAMP-LFD was also more sensitive than PCR. Finally, LAMP-LFD gave no false positives across 350 chicken anal swabs. Therefore, our novel LAMP-LFD assay was highly sensitive, specific, convenient, and fast, making it a valuable tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of Salmonella infection in chickens.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Detect and avoid (DAA) system, which is essential for the operation of UAS, detects intruding aircraft and offers the ranges of turn and climb/descent maneuver that are required to avoid the intruder. This paper uses detect and avoid alerting logic for unmanned systems (DAIDALUS) developed at NASA as a DAA algorithm. Since DAIDALUS offers ranges of avoidance maneuvers, the actual avoidance maneuver must be decided by the UAS pilot as well as the timing and method of returning to the original route. It can be readily used in real-time human-in-the-loop (HiTL) simulations where a human pilot is making the decision, but a pilot decision model is required in fast-time simulations that proceed without human pilot intervention. This paper proposes a pilot decision model that maneuvers the aircraft based on the DAIDALUS avoidance maneuver range. A series of tests were conducted using test vectors from radio technical commission for aeronautics (RTCA) minimum operational performance standards (MOPS). The alert levels differed by the types of encounters, but loss of well clear (LoWC) was avoided. This model will be useful in fast-time simulation of high-volume traffic involving UAS.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2024

In Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, human understanding is emphasized as one of three necessary characteristics that a physician must have. Inflammation, which is caused by inflammatory inducers (inf-ids), is a fundamental feature of disease at the cellular and molecular levels. Inflammation protects the body, but excessive or prolonged inflammation can be damaging and can cause disease. Humans are repeatedly exposed to external and internal environmental factors that generate inf-ids throughout their lives. External environmental factors include microbial and non-microbial inf-ids, as well as stressors that inevitably arise during social interactions. Internal environmental factors include the adaptive physiological response that is present from birth. Inf-ids may also be produced by the four-step habit loop, which consists of a cue (e.g., stressor), emotions, routine act (adaptive response), and a reward. Immune cells in the circulatory system and in tissues may have positive and negative effects in inflammatory responses. However, low-grade inflammation may be difficult to detect. We propose a model of disease development that integrates external and internal environmental factors from the perspective of human understanding.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

We designed and constructed a multichannel superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer system to measure magnetic fields from the human brain. We used a new type of SQUID, the double relaxation oscillation SQUID (DROS). With high flux-to-voltage transfers of the DROS, about 10 times larger than the dc SQUIDs, simple flux-locked loop circuits could be used for SQUID operation. Also the large modulation voltage of the DROS, typically being 100 $mutextrm{V}$, enabled stable flux-locked loop operation against the thermal offset voltage drift of the preamplifier. The magnetometers were fabricated using the Nb/AlOx/Nb junction technology. The SQUID system consists of 37 signal magnetometers, distributed on a semispherical surface, and 11 reference channels were installed to pickup background noises. External feedback was used to eliminate the magnetic coupling with the adjacent channels. The liquid helium dewar has a capacity of 29 L and boil-off rate of about 4 L/d with the total 48 channel insert. The magnetometer system has an average noise level of 3 fT/√Hz at 100 Hz, inside a shielded loon, and was applied to measure auditory-evoked fields.