• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.840-845
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• 2009

Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) palys a crucial role in the regulation of transcription downstream of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. MSK1 can be phosphorylated and activated in cells by both ERK1/2 and p38$\alpha$. In this study, Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) was identified as a binding and regulatory partner for MSK1. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, MSK1 was found to interact with the CK2$\beta$ regulatory subunit of CK2. Interactions between MSK1 and the CK2$\alpha$ catalytic subunit and CK2$\beta$ subunit were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. We further found that CK2$\alpha$ can only interact with the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1. Using site-directed mutagenesis assay and mass spectrometry, we identified five sites in the MSK1 C-terminus that could be phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro: Ser757, Ser758, Ser759, Ser760 and Thr793. Of these, Ser757, Ser759, Ser760 and Thr793 were previously unknown.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.324-328
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• 2006

Carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) is a member of a multigene family that encode carbonic anhydrase isozymes. In this study, a complete coding sequence of the pig CA3 gene which encodes a 260 amino-acid protein was determined. The amino acid comparison showed high sequence similarities with previously identified human (86.5%) CA3 gene and mouse (91.5%) Car3 gene. The partial genomic DNA sequences were also investigated. The length of intron 1 was 727 bp. Comparative sequencing of three pig breeds revealed that there was a T${\rightarrow}$C substitution at position 363 within intron 1. The substitution was situated within a NcoI recognition site and was developed as a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker for further use in population variation investigations and association analysis. Two alleles (A and B) were identified, and 617 bp fragments were observed for the AA genotype and 236 bp and 381 bp fragments for the BB genotype. The polymorphism of CA3 was detected in 8 pig breeds. Allele B was predominant in the Western pig breeds. In addition, association studies of the CA3 polymorphism with carcass traits in 140 $Yorkshire{\times}Meishan$ $F_2$ offspring showed that the NcoI PCR- RFLP genotype may be associated with variation in several carcass traits of interest for pig breeding. Allele B was associated with increases in lean meat percentage, loin eye height and loin eye area. Statistically significant association with backfat thickness was also found; pigs with the AB genotype had much less backfat thickness than AA or BB genotypes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.481-485
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• 2015

Retroviruses genes have been inserted into the human genome for millions of years. These retroviruses are now inactive due to mutations such as deletions or nonsense mutations. After mutation, retroviruses eventually became fixed in the genome in their endogenous forms and existed as traces of ancient viruses. These retroviruses are called endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), with the human form known as human endogenous retrovirus. HERV cannot become a fully active virus, but a number of viral proteins or even virus particles are expressed under various conditions. Compared to endogenous retroviruses, some exogenous retroviruses are still infectious and can threaten human life. Among these, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most well-known and best-studied. Recent studies have shown some elements of HERV were activated by HIV infection and interact with HIV-derived proteins. In addition, many studies have attempted to use HERV as vaccination against HIV infection. This review will describe the regulation and interaction between HERV and HIV infection and mention the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents against HIV infection by using HERV elements.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.170-177
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• 2017

HOTAIR is an lncRNA that has been known to have an oncogenic role in different cancers. There is limited knowledge of genetic and epigenetic elements and their interactions for the gene encoding HOTAIR. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism and its regulation remains to be challenging. We used different in silico analyses to find genetic and epigenetic elements of HOTAIR gene to gain insight into its regulation. We reported different regulatory elements including canonical promoters, transcription start sites, CpGIs as well as epigenetic marks that are potentially involved in the regulation of HOTAIR gene expression. We identified repeat sequences and single nucleotide polymorphisms that are located within or next to the CpGIs of HOTAIR. Our analyses may help to find potential interactions between genetic and epigenetic elements of HOTAIR gene in the human tissues and show opportunities and limitations for researches on HOTAIR gene in future studies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of gender differences in DNA on consumer buying behavior both online and offline and other buying channels to find out effective sales promotion strategies of enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigated the relation between chromosome and DNA, DNA and gene, and gene and human behavior of gender. The study shows generic characteristics have influence upon consumers' buying behavior and inclination, and examined the effects of genetic characteristics depending upon the difference of gender DNA upon consumers' buying behavior. Results - Precedent studies on genetics and ethology showed close relations between chromosome and DNA, DNA and gene, and gene and buying behavior of the gene. 'Hunting and protection', one of the genetic characteristics in men's DNA, had great influence upon the consumers' different buying behavior. Conclusion - Gender DNA difference in genetics and ethology disclosed fundamental reasons for the difference in buying behavior and inclination of men and women. It gives implications that marketing strategies of advertising and sales promotion should be made in different ways depending upon men and women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.379-382
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• 2005

We demonstrate workflows in biological data retrieval and analysis using the DDBJ Web Service; specifically introduce a workflow for the analysis of proteins or proteomics data sets. The workflow mechanically extracts the gene whose protein structure and function are known from all the genes of a human genome in Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/) based on cross-references among Ensembl, Swiss-Prot (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot) and PDB (Protein Data Bank; http://www.wwpdb.org/). The workflow discovered ‘hidden’ linkages among databases. We will be able to integrate distributed and heterogeneous data systems into workflows, if they are provided based on standards for Web services.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.252-263
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• 2001

Nematode infections compromise human health and reduce agricultural productivtiy. Experiments that exploit the powerful molecular genetics of the free-living nematode Caenorhabdl - elegans have contributed to our understanding of how the major classes of anthelmintic nema-tocides kill worms and how worms might evolve resistance to these drugs In C. elegans, as in parasites, benzimidixoles interfere with microtubule polyumerization the imidazothiazoles/tetra-hydropyrimidines activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and the macrocyclic la ctones activate qlutamate-gate chloride chanels. Mutant alleles of genes that encode drug targes often confer resistance in C. elegans. Preliminary evidence suggests that alleles of homologous genes in parasites will, in many cases, also play a role in resistance. Thus information acquired from C. elegans can be usefully applied to understand the mechanisms of drug sensitivity and the genetics of resis-tance in parasites.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2001

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

Recently, the field of microbiology has been transformed by huge increasing number of publicly available whole-genome sequences. This sequence information has significantly enhanced our understanding of the physiology, genetics, and evolutionary development of bacteria. Among the gastrointestinal microorganisms, bifidobacteria represent the most important human commensals because of their contribution to maintaining a balanced gastrointestinal tract microbiota. In recent years bifidobacteria have drawn much scientific attention due to their use as live bacteria in numerous food products with various health-related claims. For this reason, these bacteria constitute a growing area of interest with respect to genomics, molecular biology, and genetics. Recent genome sequencing of a number of bifidobacterial species has allowed access to the complete genetic make-up of these bacteria. This review will focus how genomic data has allowed us to understand bifidobacterial evolution, while also revealing genetic functions that explains their presence in the particular ecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.176-180
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• 2011

Depressive disorders have strong genetic components. However, conventional linkage and association studies have not yielded definitive results. These might be due to the absence of objective diagnostic tests, the complex nature of human behavior or the incomplete penetrance of psychiatric traits. Imaging genetics explores the influences of genetic variation on the brain function or structure. This technique could provide a more sensitive assessment than traditional behavioral measures in psychiatric studies. Imaging genetics is a relatively new field of psychiatric researches, and may improve our understanding on neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. In this review, current understanding in neurobiology of depressive disorders, especially imaging genetic studies on serotonin transporter will be discussed.