• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2015

Magnesium sulfate is widely used as a food additive and as an orally administered medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cytotoxicity of magnesium sulfate on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and gastric mucosa in mice. A trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine the reduction in viability of AGS cells exposed to magnesium sulfate, and then effects on cell proliferation were quantified. The role of magnesium sulfate-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in AGS cells was also investigated. mRNA expression for IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-${\alpha}$ was determined by RT-PCR, and secretion of these cytokines was measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was conducted in mouse gastric mucosa. Addition of 3 to 50 mM magnesium sulfate to AGS cells inhibited both cell proliferation and cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Magnesium sulfate had little effect on production of IL-$1{\beta}$ or IL-6 but significantly inhibited production of IL-8. The animal model demonstrated that magnesium sulfate induced production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$. These preliminary data suggest that magnesium sulfate had a direct effect on the stomach and initiates cytotoxicity in moderate concentrations and time periods by inhibiting viability a nd proliferation of AGS cells and by regulating expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2001

Human gastric adenocarcinomas are fixated with low energy of microwave (LEM) to study fixation effects in level of ultrastructure and antigenicity of the cancer. For the Ag-Ab reactions , the LEM fixated sdenocarcinomas are incorporated with monoclonal mouse anti-human p53 (IgG2b, kappa) and rabbit anti human cerbB-2. The retrieval of antigenicity are easily recognizable in the LEM fixated sections compared with that of frozen sections which show often diffused colour reactions. And the LEM fixation methods have preserved ultrastructures of the adenocarcinoma, but it was often difficult to maintain constancy in fixation effects. For the constancy, LEM was coupled with low concentration of chemical fixatives, such as glutaraldehyde (<1%) and $OsO_4$ (<0.5%). The results were acceptable, but there are tendencies that the adenocarcinoma requisitioned rather weak microwave energy to come into the optimal fixation effects. Therefore , cultured HeLa cells were fixated with lower energy of microwave than that used to the adenocarcinoma. The ultrastructures of the single HeLa cell have been preserved. The results may imply that a different energy levels of microwave are requisitioned in accordance with kinds of cells and tissues for the optimal fixation effects. It is reported and discussed that the fixation methods of LEM used in this work could be applied routinely to conceal a insufficient diffusion rate of chemical fixatives into some kinds of cancer without compromising the ultrastructures as well as to improve antigenic quality of frozen sections.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.2 s.98
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• pp.227-234
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• 2007

Potato kimchi, fermentation was carried out at $10^{\circ}$C for 15 days using various ratios of potato to kimchi (2.5%, 5%, 10%). The samples were determined according to the fermentation time, pH, acidity and growth of lactic acid bacteria in potato kimchi. The addition ratio of potato to kimchi had little effect on the pH, acidity or growth of lactic acid bacteria in potato kimchi. In comparison to baechu kimchi and mul-kimchi, the pH, acidity and growth of lactic acid bacteria was better in potato kimchi than in the other kimchi samples. The in vitro anticancer effect of potato kimchi was investigated using human cancer cells, AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. MTT assay revealed that the methanol extract of potato kimchi showed the highest anticarcinogenic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2006

Young radishes (YR, yeolmu in Korean) were cultivated in the soil with and without sulfur. YR-Control (without sulfur) was grown in the normal soil. YR were grown in the soil with $1,818\;g/m^3$ sulfur (YR-A) and $1,818\;g/m^3$ sulfur added lime mortar (YR-B) on it, respectively. Also, we prepared YR kimchis using YR-Control, YR-A and YR-B. The kimchis were fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. The growth inhibitory effects of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells of the YR samples and kimchis were investigated. YR kimchis after $4\~5$ weeks at $5^{\circ}C$ showed higher acidity of $0.88\~1.20\%$ with pH $4.3\~4.5$ and the YR kimchis kept approximately pH 4.0 until 8 weeks. The kimchi A and B using YR-A and YR-B showed faster fermentation time, higher level of Leuconostoc sp. and lower level of Lactobacillus sp. during the fermentation, comparing to the control kimchi using YR-Control. Juices from YR-A and YR-B showed higher growth inhibitory effects of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells than the juice from YR-Control at the same concentration. The growth inhibitory effect of YR-A was similar to that of the YR-B. The kimchi A and B juices also exhibited higher inhibitory effects $(74\%)$ on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells than that of the control kimchi $(57\%)$ at the higher concentration of $20{\mu}L/assay$. Methanol extracts from the YR-kimchis also led to the similar results to the results of the juices. These results suggested that preparing of kimchi using differently cultivated YR especially in the soil with sulfur, which can help to synthesize sulfur-containing compounds, could increase the growth inhibitory effects of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to verify if or not as funtional food by estimating antitumor activity and antimicrobial activity of Coriolus versicolor(Fr.)Quel and Ganoderma Lucidum (Fr.)Karst. 1. The contents of moisture. crude fiber and crude protein of GL were higher $(18.28\%,\;10.3\%,\;78.4\%)$ than that of CV, but the content of crude lipid GL was higher than that of CV. 2. Inhibitory effects of on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell were increased by increasing of concentration in added methanol extracts of CV and GL. 3. Antimicrobial activity on Escherichia col1; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium existed methanol extracts of CV. Therefore. it is suggested that CV is worth as functional food.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum (II) coordination complex containing trans-ι-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) as a leaving group. In addition, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt (trans-ι-DACH) (DPPE)].2NO$_3$(PC) was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. PC has demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity against MKN-45/S, MKN-45/ADR and MKN-45/CDDP cells. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells, and human renal cortical tissues, determined using the MTT assaying technique, the ($^3$H)-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Objectives: Buxus Microphylla var. Koreana Nakai Extract (BMKNE) is used as a folk remedy for malaria and veneral disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BMKNE in the growth and the survival of AGS cells, the most common human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The AGS cells were treated with varying concentrations of BMKNE. Analyses of the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial depolarization were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occured by apoptosis. Also, to identify the role of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 7 channels in AGS cell growth and survival, we used human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressed with TRPM7 channels. Results: Experimental results showed that the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial depolarization were increased. Therefore, BMKNE was found to induce the apoptosis of these cells, and this apoptosis was inhibited by SB203580 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor), and by a c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) II inhibitor. Furthermore, BMKNE inhibited TRPM7 currents and TRPM7 channel over-expressions in HEK 293 cells, exacerbating BMKNE-induced cell death. Conclusions: These findings indicate that BMKNE inhibits the growth and the survival of gastric cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel's activity and MAPK signaling. Therefore, BMKNE is a potential drug for treatment of gastric cancer, and both the TRPM7 channel and MAPK signaling may play an important role in survival in gastric cancer cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2002

Metallothionein (MT) is a family of ubiquitous, low molecular weight ($6,000{\sim}7,000D$), cysteine-rich ($30{\sim}35%$) inducible protein with a high affinity to metal ions and has no aromatic amino acids and histidine. Some of the known functions of MT include detoxification of heavy metals and alkylating agents and neutralization of free radicals. Also, this protein has been reported to involve in tumor pathophysiology and therapy resistance. MT expression may affect a number of cellular processes including gene expression, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Many reports on the physiological and biochemical properties of MT have been published, but ultrastructural reports on the localization of MT in human gastric cancer tissues are extremely rare. The present study was undertaken to examine the ultrastructural features and the localization of MT within the gastric adenocarcinoma. Ultrastructures of gastric cancer cells were characterized by the high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, the interdigitation between cells, the irregular nucleus containing much heterochromatin and the wide distribution of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical reaction for MT was prominent in the gastric adenocarcinoma. And the immunogold labellings were more prominent within the nucleus than the cytoplasm. Particularly, immunogold particles were numerously seen at nulcleolus or nucleolar associated heterochromatin. These results suggest that MT expression by gastric cancer cells is associated with cell proliferative activity and is possibly synthesized in the cytoplasm, and then the protein is transported into the nucleus to participate in any transcriptional steps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.625-632
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• 1998

To enhance the antimutagenic and anticancer activities of chinese cabbage kimchi, 13 kinds of kimchi, which were different kinds and levels of sub-ingredient added kimchi, were prepared and fermented at 15℃ for 1 day and then at 5℃ up to pH 4.3. The antimutagenic effects of the methanol extracts of the kimchi were studied by using Ames mutagenicity test in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and SOS chromotest in E. coli PQ37. Among the kimchi samples, high ratio of red pepper powder(7%) and garlic(2.8% or 5.2%) added kimchi, 1% chinese pepper powder added kimchi and organic cultivated chinese cabbage kimchi significantly reduced(p<0.05) the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in Ames test and SOS response against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in SOS chromotest, and also the kimchi inhibited more effectively(p<0.05) the survival and growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells than the standarized kimchi on the SRB assay, MTT assay and growth inhibition test. These results suggest that the antimutagenic and anticancer activites of kimchi can be increased by the sub-ingredients such as organic cultivated chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic and chinese pepper powder.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

Objective: Ulmi Pumilae Cortex (UPC) is a deciduous tree with uneven pinnate leaves and is classified as a subfamily of Ulmuceae and contains many pharmacologically active constituents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UPC on the growth and survival of AGS cells, the most common human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The AGS cells were treated with varying concentrations of UPC. Analyses of the sub G1, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial depolarization were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occured by apoptosis. Furthermore, to identify the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 7 channels in AGS cell growth and survival, we used human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressed with TRPM7 channels. Results: The addition of UPC to a culture medium inhibited AGS cell growth and survival. Experimental results showed that the sub G1, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial depolarization were increased. Furthermore, TRPM7 channel overexpression in HEK 293 cells exacerbated UPC-induced cell death. Conclusion: These findings indicate that UPC inhibits the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel activity. Therefore, UPC is a potential drug for treatment of gastric cancer, and TRPM7 channels may play an important role in survival in cases of gastric cancer.