• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 1993

LBD-007, a newly developed recombinant human interferon alpha A, was at dose levels of 0, 3 $\times$ $10^6$, 6 $\times$ $10^6$ and 12 $\times$ $10^6$ IU/kg/day administered subctaneously to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the organogenetic period. Ethylenethiourea was used as a positive control. 2/3 of dams per group were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of pregnancy and the remaining 10 dams per group were allowed to deliver. Effects of test substance on dams, embryonal development development of F1 fetuses, as well as growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. 1. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs, food consumption, body weight and necropsy findings of dams were observed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.305-320
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• 1996

It is necessary to obtain information about the productivity of the human-influenced forest and to understand the consumption of biomass resources in secondary forest in order to examine the resource flux by human activity in rural landscape. Thus the aims of this study were to elucidate the biomass and their use of secondary Pinus densiflora forests and to discuss sustainable utilization of secondary forests in rural landscape system. This study was carried out in Yanghwa-ri, Kongjugun, Chungcheongnam-do, central Korea. The changes of growth rate and aboveground biomass of a pine forest for 2 years were analyzed to understand forest management regimes in rural pine forests. Through allometric equations deduced from 25 sample trees, biomass was estimated. The biomass increase of pine forest was approximately 16.36 t/ha/yr in the unexploited stand and 12.24 t/ha/yr in the exploited stand. These were nearly equal to those of natural pine forests in central Korea. This result proved that human-influenced pine forest in rural landscape as well as the natural one has high potentiality to provide forest products. Making graveyard in forest-land was the important disturbance and land-use which currently occurring in rural landscape in the study area. Finally, we presented some forest management for stutainable and positive uses of secondary forests as one of the local energy resources in terms of the holistic landscape-ecological view.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

A total of 22 Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) isolates from human and chicken sources were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI restriction enzyme to assess the genetic relationships between strains from different sources. PFGE permitted the resolution of XbaI restriction fragments of the 22 S. Enteritidis into 6 distinct PFGE types (PFT), designated PFT1 to PFT6, and 2 subtypes within PFT2, and allowed to detect between 9 and 10 bands with fragments sizes in the range of $25\~635\;kb$. Four of twelve isolates from human showed an identical PFGE patterns with 2 isolates from chickens. Also, another one isolate from human showed an identical PFGE patterns with other 5 isolates from chickens. Only one isolate from chicken, however, showed a different pattern compared to other PFTs. These results suggested that sporadic human food-poisoning cases infections caused by S. Enteritidis in this study were due to the consumption of contaminated chicken meats and that a clonally highly similar strains exist and spread between human and chicken sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.8
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• pp.151-167
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• 2010

This research is to analyze ethics in fashion design for more valuable and sustainable human life against the increasing alienation of the human being, the global ecological crisis resulted from contemporary consumption society. I expect that it can be helpful to plan ethical fashion design practice more effectively. For this, the documentary study and practical case study have been executed. The results are as follows. The ethics in design can be defined as the responsibility to reform the social, environmental problem of consumptive design, to sustain together without human alienation, environment disruption and to do social good for total human being ultimately. The ethical design practice means to suggest solutions to problems of human rights and environment and to act willingly. Based on this, ethical fashion design appeared as responsible design solution which has two directions. One is the fashion design for coexistence and sharing, including the design for all which considers even underprivileged minority, the design to promote public issues as well as to donate some profits. The other is the eco fashion design for sustainable environment, including eco-friendly design which is reductive and slow in whole design process, the design to inform the seriousness of environmental crisis as well as to donate some profits. The last one of the most important ethical responsibility as fashion designer is to abide by vocational ethics, that is, the prohibition of design piracy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum(II) coordination complex containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) as a leaving group. In addition, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt(cis-DACH)(DCE)] $2NO_3(PC)$ was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on T-24 and J-82 human bladder carcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. PC has demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity against T-24 and J-82 cells. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues, determined using the MTT assaying technique, the $[^3H]-thymidine$ uptake and glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum(II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.87-94
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• 1998

The use of cisplatin is limited by severe side effects such as renal toxicity. Our platinum-base drug discovery is aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and improving antitumor activity. We synthesized new Pt (II) complex analogue [Pt (cis-DACH)(DPPP)]. 2NO$_3$ (PC) containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as a carrier ligand and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane as a leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improved the solubility. In this study, its structure was determined and its antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and NIH-OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma, and in vitro cytotoxicity was determined against primary cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubular and renal cortical cells of human kidney using colorimetric MTT assay. PC demonstrated acceptable antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and NIH-OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma and significant activity as compared with that of cisplatin. The toxicity of PC was found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT and $^3$H-thymidine uptake tests in rabbit proximal tubular cells and human kidney cortical cells. PC was used for human cortical tissue in 7 weeks hitoculture by the glucose-consumption tests. We determined that the new platinum drug has lower nephrotoxicity than cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC) represent a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.502-508
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• 2012

An analytical model for a human body is important to predict muscle and joint forces. Because it is difficult to estimate muscle or joint forces from a human body, the objective of this study is the development of a reliable analytical model for a human body to evaluate the lower extremity muscle and joint forces. The musculoskeletal system of the human lower extremity is modeled as a multibody system employing the Hill-type muscle model. Muscle forces are determined to minimize energy consumption, and we assume that motion is constrained in the sagittal plane. Muscle forces are calculated through an equilibrium analysis while rising from a seated position. The musculoskeletal model consists of four segments. Each segment is a rigid body and connected by frictionless revolute joints. Muscles of the lower extremity are simplified to seven muscles with those that are not related to the sagittal plane motion are ignored. Muscles that play a similar role are combined together. The results of the present study are compared with experimental results to validate the lower extremity model and the assumptions of the present study.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.560-568
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• 2011

Consumption of a diet consistent with dietary guidelines is believed to have a beneficial effect on the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of general health. This study was conducted to explore the relationship between adherence to the Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS), which was based on the 2010 revised KDRIs, and the risk of metabolic abnormalities. Five hundred and ninety-six Korean adults between 30 and 59 years of age were recruited by advertisement to the Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital (BJGH), and those not taking regular medications and without diagnoses of fulminant disease were included. Data were collected on anthropometric measurements, diagnostic parameters for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and 3-day dietary intakes from individuals in the study. The number of servings consumed from each food group was compared to the KFGS recommended servings for each of the 6 food groups. Poor adherence to the recommendations for servings of milk and dairy products (OR: 2.038, 1.128-3.682) was associated with a higher risk of MetS, and poor adherence to the guidelines for fruit consumption (OR: 1.849, 1.027-3.329) was associated with a higher risk for the existence an elevated waist circumference. Conversely, the consumption of meat, fish, eggs, and beans above the recommended number of servings was associated with a lower risk of having an elevated waist circumference (OR: 0.523, 0.288-0.950), and the consumption of vegetables above the recommended number of servings was associated with a reduced risk of having elevated fasting glucose (OR: 0.533, 0.298-0.954). These results suggest that adherence to the KFGS guidelines helps to prevent the development of MetS, but this association needs to be confirmed by prospective studies.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 1980

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) energy uses for residential requirements, 2) if energy consumption and adoption of energy conservation attitudes and practices vary with independent variables family size, stage of family life cycle, homemaker's level of education, income, heating system, and number of electrical household items, and 3) if there is a correlation between energy conservation attitudes and practices. Questionnaires were given to the randomly selected homemakers I Seoul in the summer (September, 1979) and the winter (February, 1980). Analysis of variance and correlation were used to analyzed the data which consisted of 537 usable responses of 895 returned in the summer and 554 responses of 794 returned in the winter. The results are as follows: 1) The order of consumption rate of the direct energy uses for residential requirements was found to be heating and air conditioning, cooking, refrigeration, T.V., lighting, and miscellaneous. 2) Energy consumption and adoption of energy conservation attitudes and practices were significantly related to family size, homemaker's level of education, and the stage of family life cycle. (1) Families of five members revealed higher scores in attitudes and practices than families less than five or more than six. (2) The higher the homemaker's level of education, the more energy consumption and the higher scores I attitudes and practices were found. (3) Families in the middle stage of family life cycle tend to use more energy than younger or older families, but their scores in attitudes and practices were high. 3) There was a significant correlation between energy conservation attitudes and practices. However, the scores of the conservation practices were not as good as the attitudes. It may be attributed to either a lack of knowledge and/or financial difficulties, or a dissonance between the concept and implementation of energy conservation. 4) Recommendations for the energy-saving and energy-related public policies are: (1) to use such human resources as attitudes, values, feelings of agreement, and cooperation, as well as nonhuman resources for the energy conservation, (2) to develop a educational program and a creative system I order to implement energy conservation programs, and (3) to consider direct as well as indirect energy uses I selecting goods and services.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.460-466
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to estimate coffee consumption and it's relationship to blood pressure and blood lipid profiles in Korean adult men and women. Antheropometrics, dietary intake by 24-hour recall, and serum lipid profiles were measured in 354 subjects. The average subject ages for the age ranges of $20{\sim}49$, $50{\sim}64$, and over 65 years, were 39.7, 57.5, and 70.6 years for the men, and 40.7, 56.9, and 70.9 years for the women, respectively. Mean height and weight were significantly higher in the men and decreased with increasing of age. Thirty percent and 28% of the men and women, respectively, consumed coffee. The proportions of coffee consuming subjects in the age rangers of $20{\sim}49$ years(34.9%) and $50{\sim}64$ years(35.6%) were significantly higher than in the group over 65 years(11.5%). The mean daily intakes of food and energy were showed the same results according to sex and age. Mean daily coffee intake was not significantly different between the men and women, but it was significantly lower in the over 65 age group. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the men and increasing age. The atherogenic index was significantly higher in the $20{\sim}49$ year-old men, and in the women over 65 years. There were no significant correlations among coffee consumption, blood pressure, and the serum lipid profile. In conclusion, the daily coffee consumption by adult men and women, with the exception of the elderly, was $50{\sim}90m{\ell}$, and it was not significantly correlated to blood pressure or blood lipids.