• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.561-575
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• 2023

The information security industry has seen a wide variety of growth over the past few decades. In particular, various solutions have been proposed in terms of technology, management, and institutional aspects. Nevertheless, it should be notedthat security accidents continue to occur every year. This proves that there are limitations to various business changes in the digital era as existing security is being promoted with technology-oriented and prevention-oriented policies. Thus, people-centric security (PCS) has recently become a hot topic in order to escape the limitations of traditional securityapproaches. Through the concept of information security violations, PCS strategic principles, and expert interviews, this studyaims to present a fundamental security incident response plan by classifying human-caused vulnerabilities into 5 categories and classifying them into 21 detailed components.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2024

The prediction of seismic behavior of the existing building stock is one of the most impactful and complex problems faced by countries with frequent and intense seismic activities. Human lives can be threatened or lost, the economic life is disrupted and large amounts of monetary reparations can be potentially required. However, authorities at a regional or national level have limited resources at their disposal in order to allocate to preventative measures. Thus, in order to do so, it is essential for them to be able to rank a given population of structures according to their expected degree of damage in an earthquake. In this paper, the authors present a ranking approach, based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for pairwise comparisons, coupled with ad hoc ranking rules. The case study employed data from 404 reinforced concrete structures with various degrees of damage from the Athens 1999 earthquake. The two main components of our experiments pertain to the performance of the ML models and the success of the overall ranking process. The former was evaluated using the well-known respective metrics of Precision, Recall, F1-score, Accuracy and Area Under Curve (AUC). The performance of the overall ranking was evaluated using Kendall's tau distance and by viewing the problem as a classification into bins. The obtained results were promising, and were shown to outperform currently employed engineering practices. This demonstrated the capabilities and potential of these models in identifying the most vulnerable structures and, thus, mitigating the effects of earthquakes on society.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.817-823
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• 2019

Immune system provides defense integrity of body against external invaders. In order to accomplish the important defending role immune system is composed of many different components which are regenerated continuously during lifespan. The key components are professional killing cells such as macrophage, neutrophil, natural killer cell, and cytotoxic T cell and professional blocking molecule, antibody, which is produced by plasma cell, the terminal differentiated B cell. Immune response is orchestrated harmoniously by all these components mediated through antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells. Immune responses can be divided into two ways: innate immune response and adaptive immune response depending on induction mechanism. Aging is a broad spectrum of physiological changes. Likewise other physiological changes, the immune components and responses are wane as aging is progressing. Immune responses become decline and dysregulating, which is called immunosenescense. Immune components of both innate and adaptive immune response are affected as aging progresses leading to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. Numbers of immune cells and amounts of soluble immune factors were decreased in aged animal models and human and also functional and structural alterations in immune system were reduced and declined. Cellular intrinsic changes were discovered as well. Recent researches focusing on aging have been enormously growing. Many advanced tools were developed to bisect aging process in multi-directions including immune system area. This review will provide a broad overview of aging-associated changes of key components of immunity.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.603-621
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• 2014

Past high speed wind events have exposed the vulnerability of the roof systems of existing light-framed wood structures to uplift loading, contributing greatly to economic and human loss. This paper further investigates the behaviour of light-framed wood structures under the uplift loading of a realistic pressure distribution. A three-dimensional finite-element model is first developed to capture the behaviour of a recently completed full-scale experiment. After describing the components used to develop the numerical model, a comparison between the numerical prediction and experimental results in terms of the deflected shape at the roof-to-wall connections is presented to gain confidence in the numerical model. The model is then used to analyze the behaviour of the truss system under realistic and equivalent uniform pressure distributions and to perform an assessment of the use of the tributary area method to calculate the withdrawal force acting on the roof-to-wall connections.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.585-598
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• 2019

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a new mechanism controlled or monitored by computer algorithms that intertwine physical and software components. Advanced persistent threats (APTs) represent stealthy, powerful, and well-funded attacks against CPSs; they integrate physical processes and have recently become an active research area. Existing offensive and defensive processes for APTs in CPSs are usually modeled by incomplete information game theory. However, honeypots, which are effective security vulnerability defense mechanisms, have not been widely adopted or modeled for defense against APT attacks in CPSs. In this study, a honeypot game-theoretical model considering both low- and high-interaction modes is used to investigate the offensive and defensive interactions, so that defensive strategies against APTs can be optimized. In this model, human analysis and honeypot allocation costs are introduced as limited resources. We prove the existence of Bayesian Nash equilibrium strategies and obtain the optimal defensive strategy under limited resources. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in obtaining the optimal defensive effect.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

Today our society is approaching new intelligence information society, which has been caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution along with the development of information and communication technology(ICT). And this has just opened a new era of Internet of Things(IoT) that connects between human and objects and between objects through network, allowing transmission and reception of information beyond the limits of space. However, many crises occurred in the existing communication environment may threaten the security of Internet of Things, by violating the three components of information security. In this paper, this study aims to analyze security technology to achieve advanced security by dividing IoT security technology for coping with security vulnerability found in different components into three groups.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.203-213
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• 2018

This study aims to propose the methods for urban flood risk maps which are useful in strengthening urban planning toward disaster prevention by climate change. Selecting the Gwangju city, Gyeonggi-do as study area, it analyzes urban flood at a RCP 8.5 scenario, and develops gridded information regarding risk components such as hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. It turns out that flooding would occur at a bend interval of the Mokhyun stream and also at the joint of the Gyungan and the Mokhyun streams, showing the similarity with the inundation trace map. In particular, the Songjeong dong is analyzed to be seriously exposed and to be highly vulnerable to flood inundation. With all results together, this study concludes that the proposed methods could be used as a basis for strengthening urban planning toward flood disaster prevention system.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

Over the last decade, avian influenza (AI) has been considered an emerging disease that would become the next pandemic, particularly in countries like South Korea, with continuous animal outbreaks. In this situation, risk assessment is highly needed to prevent and prepare for human infection with AI. Thus, we developed the risk assessment matrix for a high-risk area of human infection with AI in South Korea based on the notion that risk is the multiplication of hazards with vulnerability. This matrix consisted of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry farms and the number of poultry-associated production facilities assumed as hazards of avian influenza and vulnerability, respectively. The average number of HPAI in poultry farms at the 229-municipal level as the hazard axis of the matrix was predicted using a negative binomial regression with nationwide outbreaks data from 2003 to 2018. The two components of the matrix were classified into five groups using the K-means clustering algorithm and multiplied, consequently producing the area-specific risk level of human infection. As a result, Naju-si, Jeongeup-si, and Namwon-si were categorized as high-risk areas for human infection with AI. These findings would contribute to designing the policies for human infection to minimize socio-economic damages.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.437-444
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• 2015

In this age of digital technology, we often experience overwhelming and inescapable feelings of weakness, vulnerability, loneliness and fear that propel us into a state of gloom or frustration. Poetry can also serve as a therapeutic medium for overcoming them because it provides unique opportunities for self-discovery and is a catalyst for healing and self-integration. This study examines the healing properties in English poetry. First, Poetry has expressed innermost feelings, which can serve as a catharsis the emotional release. Therefore it can nurture and strengthen the human capacity. Poetic language heals our soul and mind. Rhythm which comes in many forms and poetic form also are important components of the therapeutic value of poetry. So we can say English poetry can be used as a therapeutic means for healing and personal growth.