• 제목/요약/키워드: Human Rights Protection

검색결과 125건 처리시간 0.024초

장애인 거주시설 장애인과 종사자의 인권 인식 비교 (Comparative study on differences in perception of human rights of People with disabilities and Staffs in the disabled residential facilities)

  • 전동일;김낭희;서정민
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제14권8호
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 장애인 거주시설의 장애인과 종사자 간 인권에 대한 인식의 차이를 비교하는 데 목적이 있다. '2014년 장애인 거주시설 인권실태조사'에서 수집한 602개 장애인 거주시설 설문자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 인권과 관련한 16개 항목(인권보장 12개 항목, 인권침해 4개 항목)을 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 인권보장 영역의 모든 항목에서 시설 내 장애인의 인권이 보장된다고 인식하는 비율이 장애인보다 종사자가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 인권침해 영역에서도 종사자 폭행 항목을 제외한 나머지 항목에서 종사자가 장애인보다 시설 내에서 장애인의 인권이 침해되고 있다고 인식하는 비율이 더 높았다(p<.05). 연구를 통해 시설 거주 장애인과 종사자는 장애인의 인권보장과 인권침해에 대해 서로 상당한 인식의 차이가 있음을 입증하였다. 이와 같은 인식 차이의 원인은 첫째, 시설 내 종사자의 역할과 장애인의 욕구가 상호 충돌할 수 밖에 없는 거주시설의 특성이 반영된 것으로 보이며, 둘째, 인권보장이나 인권침해에 대해 장애인과 종사자 간에 서로 합의된 구체적인 기준이 부재하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 장애인 거주시설의 장애인과 종사자 간 인권인식 격차 해소를 위해 통합인권교육, 합의된 인권지표개발 등의 전략 모색이 필요함을 제언하였다.

A Study on the Copyright Survey for Design Protection in Metaverse Period

  • Kim, Gokmi;Jeon, Ju Hyun
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.181-186
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    • 2021
  • Among human intellectual creations, the right granted by law to what is worth protecting is defined as intellectual property rights. Copyright is a legal right to creative finished products made by individuals, and in recent years, this legal right has been recognized as very important. In other words, copyright is a system created to protect the rights of individuals who created creations and to recognize their efforts. Works subject to copyright vary from poetry, thesis, novels to designs, paintings, music, and architecture, and the scope of the subject is gradually expanding. Recently, research has begun on how far the Metaverse design area absorbed into the real world among works. Computer-generated video productions and software program works are also subject to digital copyright protection, but it is also true that the interpretation of the author protection law for works, designs, and trademarks in the virtual world is unclear. This study aims to analyze copyrights based on case studies and theoretical backgrounds on copyright protection and to discuss the protection limitations of Metaverse design in the virtual world. In other words, the direction for the protection of Metaverse design is presented through clear distinction and definition of copyright protection in the tertiary virtual world. This study aims to present methods for design copyright protection in the era of Metaverse, respect copyright holders' creative activities, and develop our culture through protection of creations.

인체 유래 물질의 재산권성에 대한 의료법학적 고찰 (Medicolegal Study on Human Biological Material as Property)

  • 이웅희
    • 의료법학
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.455-492
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    • 2009
  • (Background) Recent biotechnological breakthroughs are shedding new lights on various ethical and legal issues about human biological material. Since Rudolph Virchow, a German pathologist, had founded the medical discipline of cellular pathology, issues centering around human biological materials began to draw attention. The issues involving human biological materials were revisited with more attention along with series concerns when the human genome map was finally completed. Recently, with researches on human genes and bioengineering reaping enormous commercial values in the form of material patent, such changes require a society to reassess the present and future status of human tissue within the legal system. This in turn gave rise to a heated debate over how to protect the rights of material donors: property rule vs. no property rule. (Debate and Cases) Property rule recognizes the donors' property rights on human biological materials. Thus, donors can claim real action if there were any bleach of informed consent or a donation contract. Donors can also claim damages to the responsible party when there is an infringement of property rights. Some even uphold the concept of material patents overtaking. From the viewpoint of no property rule, human biological materials are objects separated from donors. Thus, a recipient or a third party will be held liable if there were any infringement of donor's human rights. Human biological materials should not be commercially traded and a patent based on a human biological materials research does not belong to the donor of the tissues used during the course of research. In the US, two courts, Moore v. Regents of the University of California, and Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute, Inc., have already decided that research participants retain no ownership of the biological specimens they contribute to medical research. Significantly, both Moore and Greenberg cases found that the researcher had parted with all ownership rights in the tissue samples when they donated them to the institutions, even though there was no provision in the informed consent forms stating either that the participants donated their tissue or waived their rights to ownership of the tissue. These rulings were led to huge controversy over property rights on human tissues. This research supports no property rule on the ground that it can protect the human dignity and prevent humans from objectification and commercialization. Human biological materials are already parted from human bodies and should be treated differently from the engineering and researches of those materials. Donors do not retain any ownership. (Suggestions) No property rule requires a legal breakthrough in the US in terms of donors' rights protection due to the absence of punitive damages provisions. The Donor rights issue on human biological material can be addressed through prospective legislation or tax policies, price control over patent products, and wider coverage of medical insurance. (Conclusions) Amid growing awareness over commercial values of human biological materials, no property rule should be adopted in order to protect human dignity but not without revamping legal provisions. The donors' rights issue in material patents requires prospective legislation based on current uncertainties. Also should be sought are solutions in the social context and all these discussions should be based on sound medical ethics of both medical staffs and researchers.

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Human Rights in The Context of Digitalization. International-Legal Analysis

  • Panova, Liydmyla;Gramatskyy, Ernest;Kryvosheyina, Inha;Makoda, Volodymyr
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.320-326
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    • 2022
  • The use of the Internet has become commonplace for billions of people on the planet. The rapid development of technology, in particular, mobile gadgets, has provided access to communication anywhere, anytime. At the same time, there are growing concerns about the behavior of people on the Internet, in particular, towards each other and social groups in general. This raises the issue of human rights in today's information society. In this study, we focused on human rights such as the right to privacy, confidentiality, freedom of expression, the right to be forgotten, etc. We point to some differences in this regard, in particular between the EU, etc. In addition, we describe the latest legal regulation in this aspect in European countries. Such methods as systemic, factual, formal and legal, to show the factors of formation and development of human rights in the context of digitalization were used. The authors indicate which of them deserve the most attention due to their prevalence and relevance. Thus, we concluded that the technological development of social communications has laid the groundwork for a legal settlement of privacy and opinion issues on the Internet. Simultaneously, jurisdictions address issues on every aspect of human rights on the Internet, based on previous norms, case law, and principles of law. It is concluded that human rights legislation on the Internet will continue to be actively developed to ensure a balance of private and public interests, safe online access and unimpeded access to it.

Impact of Philosophical Anthropology and Axiology on the Current Understanding of the Institution of Human Rights

  • Buglimova, Olga V.;Goncharov, Igor;Malinenko, Elvira;Matveeva, Natalya;Stepanenko, Yuri;Chernichkina, Galina
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권7호
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    • pp.327-331
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    • 2022
  • The article aims at studying the institution of human rights in an ever-evolving world in the context of the interdisciplinary approach. The main scientific method was deduction that allowed examining the specific interdisciplinary approach in relation to the institution of human rights on the global scale. To solve the issue set, it is necessary to study legal foundations and features of the interdisciplinary approach to the institution of human rights in the modern world. The article proves there is no theoretical anthropological understanding of the institution of human rights. It has been concluded that the appeal to anthropological jurisprudence requires the identification of the initial theoretical and methodological principles, parameters and axioms of cognition, the integration of a person into the subject field of legal science, linking jurisprudence with the chosen external environment (philosophy, sociology, theology, etc.), predetermining the existence (understanding) of a person, causing qualitative differences and the structure of subject-methodological phenomena. In addition to the identification of such hypotheses, prerequisites and axioms, the basic method (principle) of cognition and its heuristic potential are also being searched (defined). The terminological designation of the formed subject-methodological phenomenon (legal anthropology, anthropology of law, anthropological approach, etc.) reveals its role in the system of interdisciplinary relations of legal science.

국내 Human Research Protection Program 도입 과정과 발전 방향에 대한 고찰 (The Korea Human Research Protection Program: Present and Future Direction)

  • 박신영;김진석
    • 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2022
  • The Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) includes all subject protection activities and entities involved in the process of planning, reviewing, and conducting clinical research and it ultimately aims that research can be conducted ethically and scientifically while protecting the rights and welfare of research subjects. At the beginning of its introduction in Korea, it was settled down by adopting the United States HRPP, especially the form of AAHRPP element and regulations. However, regulations and operating forms of HRPP have been changed according to the Korean domestic research environment. Actually, all the Korean institutions are adopted the Korean HRPP guidelines that have been officially announced by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea. Recently, Korean domestic laws such as the "Advanced Regenerative Biology Act" or "In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device Act" have been dramatically innovated and our research environment becomes to be more complicated. Therefore, the development of a suitable Korean HRPP model considering the Korean research environment is strongly demanded. For the early settle down of the Korean HRPP model, the positive incentive method should be applied, when the HRPP is operated and/ or properly operated. These improvements in the Korean HRPP environment will eventually lead to the appropriate protection of subjects who are participating in human clinical research and the quality improvement of clinical research.

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아동·청소년의 아동권리인식 -초등학생, 중학생, 고등학생 비교- (Assessment of children's rights by children and adolescents -Comparison of elementary, middle and high school students-)

  • 김진숙;장연진
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.83-96
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구의 목적은 서울시 아동청소년의 인권 실태 조사 결과 분석을 통해, 초, 중, 고등학생의 연령과 발달수준을 고려한 인권향상 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울시 기초자치단체 중 인구수가 가장 많은 2개 구에서 실시된 초, 중, 고등학생 1,065명의 조사 데이터를 활용하여 생존권, 발달권, 보호권, 참여권 영역에서 초, 중, 고등학생의 권리 인식의 차이를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 대체로 고등학생의 권리 인식 수준이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 특히 참여권의 영역에서 차이가 두드러지게 나타났다. 그러나 발달권과 보호권에서는 중학생의 권리 인식 수준도 고등학생에 못지않게 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로, 청소년의 참여권 보장을 위한 적극적인 노력이 필요하며, 아동 권리 당사자 뿐 아니라 이행자를 위한 인권 교육 실행 및 실천적 교육 내용을 제언하였다. 후속 연구에서는 좀더 다양한 연령과 지역을 포괄하여 지역별 차이와 발달 단계별 차이를 보다 깊이있게 살펴볼 필요가 있다.

기업정보화와 정보인권보호 (The information of the businesses and the protection of information human rights)

  • 하우영
    • 한국정보보호학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보보호학회 2003년도 동계학술대회
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    • pp.543-559
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    • 2003
  • 기업의 정보화 추진은 첨단의 정보처리기술이 기업영역으로 흡수되면서 기업사회에 기업의 효율성 제고라는 효과와 함께 노동자의 정보인권보호라는 문제가 서로 충돌하는 위험성도 확대되고 있어 대책마련이 요구되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 정보보호에 대한 무감각은 경영의 효율성을 요구하는 왜곡된 사회구조에 의해 뒷받침된다. 자본과 언론이 경제위기의 심각성을 경고하게 되면 이 불안감에 정치권은 정보보호의 측면을 외면하고 경영의 효율성에 지향된 법정책을 채택하게 된다. 이러한 일련의 과정을 통하여 정보보호의 중요성은 경영의 효율성보다 작은 이익으로 평가되기 마련이며, 결과적으로 노동자의 인권침해가 발생하게 되는 것이다. 정보처리기술의 발전과 함께 기업의 정보화는 노동자의 행동을 보다 더 철저히 감시·통제하는 것이 가능해졌다. 산업현장에 새로이 파생된 정보인권 침해문제는 한편으로 정보보안의 확립과 함께 정보처리기술을 이용한 노동통제를 규제하기 위한 법적·제도적 장치의 마련을 촉구하고 있다. 정보의 활용이 많은 효율성을 가진다 해도 인권의 침해가 없는 기업생활의 보장은 국민의 기본권을 보장하고 있는 헌법정신의 구현이며 시대적 요청이기도 하다. 무엇보다도 정보인권 시대에 걸맞은 관련 법률의 제정과 개정 등의 정비가 이루어져야 한다 산재된 정보보호 관련규정을 통합하고 온-오프라인의 접목 등 다양한 영역을 포괄할 수 있는 공통원리를 적용하여‘개인정보보호기본법’(가칭)을 제정할 것을 제안한다. 그 기반 위에 노동법상으로 산업현장 이라는 특수영역에서의 정보인권을 보호하기 위하여 노동조합의 주도적 참여를 보장하는 등의 직접적이고 구체적인 정보인권보호 방안을 구축해 나가야 할 것이다.측면에서 매우 경제적인 Uncoupled scheme이 추천된다.는 못하였다.달팽이에서는 거의 검출되지 않은 반면 왕우렁이에서 다소 높게 검출되었다. 중성지질의 지방산 조성은 식용달팽이 경우 $C_{18:2}(16.80{\sim}17.74%)$, $C_{20:2} (12.15{\sim}12.59%)$, $C_{18:1}(9.79{\sim}10.37%)$$C_{18:0}(7.71{\sim}12.43%)$$C_{16:0}$, $C_{20:4}$ 함량이 많으나 그밖에 melanic type에서 $C_{18:3}(20.90%)$ 함량이 매우 높았으며, 또한 polyene산 함량도 가장 높게 나타났다. 왕우렁이는 $C_{16:0}(16.96{\sim}17.46%)$, $C_{18:1}(13.79{\sim}13.95%)$, $C_{18:2}(12.90{\sim}15.70%)$$C_{18:0}$, $C_{20:4}$, $C_{22:6}$이 주성분으로 type별로 그 조성이 비슷하였다. 당지질은 식용달팽이 경우 $C_{18:2}(19.01{\sim}19.72%)$, $C_{16:0}(12.89{\sim}18.76%)$, $C_{18:0}(12.68{\sim}17.52%)$$C_{18:1}$이 주요 지방산이었으나 이중 $C_{1

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Twenty-Five Years of Physical Punishment Research: What Have We Learned?

  • Durrant, Joan E.;Ensom, Ron
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.20-24
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    • 2017
  • Over the past quarter century, research on physical punishment has proliferated. Almost without exception, these studies have identified physical punishment as a risk factor in children's behavioral, emotional, cognitive and brain development. At the same time, the United Nations has established that physical punishment constitutes a breach of children's basic human rights to protection and dignity. Together, research findings and human rights standards have propelled profound global change. To date, 51 countries have prohibited all physical punishment of children. In this article, we review the literature on physical punishment within its historical context, and provide recommendations for health professionals working with families.

북한 탈북자의 법적지위에 관한 고찰 - 난민인정과 보호를 중심으로 - (A Study on the Legal Status of North Korean Defectors)

  • 손현진
    • 법제연구
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    • 제53호
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    • pp.109-147
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    • 2017
  • 1990년대 중반 북한의 식량난이 원인으로 발생한 탈북자 문제는 2000 년대 들어와 외부정보의 유입, 민주화 자유에 대한 갈망 등의 이유로 북한으로부터 탈출이 이어지고 있다. 또한 북한을 탈북하여 중국에 머물고있는 탈북자는 난민으로 인정받지 못하고 강제송환을 비롯한 각종 인권침해에 노출되고 있는 실정이다. 북한에서 탈출한 탈북자는 정치난민에해당되는지, 즉 국제법상 난민에 해당되는지의 여무, 난민으로 인정받지못하는 경우 국제인권법상 인권보호 규정에 의한 보호의 가능성과 방법이 무엇인지 생각하지 않으면 안 된다. 탈북자의 난민인정 문제는 개별국가의 주권문제이기는 하나, 난민협약상, UNHCR상의 고유한 권리로서보호받아야 주체로 넓은 의미에서 난민문제로 다뤄야 할 것이다. 향후, 북한으로부터 대량 탈북과 이로 인한 난민문제 발생에 대비하여 탈북자의 난민인정과 국제적 인권보호의 필요성에 대해 개별국가, UN총회, 인권이사회의 결정, UNHCR의 적극적 지원 등 국제간 연대가 필요하다.