• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2004

목적 : 골쇄보(骨碎補) (Drynariae Rhizoma)는 한의학에서 골격계 질환의 치유력을 강화시키는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 항 virus, 항 박테리아, 항 염증 작용이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 질병을 치료하기 위하여 면역 반응을 조절하는 기전에 관하여 오랫 동안 많은 관심을 기울여왔는데, 식물에서 추출한 약재들이 면역기능을 조절할 수 있는 가능성에 대하여 광범위하게 연구되었다. 이에 저자는 골쇄보(骨碎補)의 ethanol 추출물을 가지고 항 세포성과 변역 조절 기능에 대하여 연구하였다. 방법 : 사람의 혈액단핵구 (PBMC)의 배양은 thymidine 법으로 검정하고 nitric oxide (NO) 생성은 mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 세포주를 이용하였으며 IL-2, IFN 와 TNF-a 생성은 ELISA 기술로 검정하였다. 세포 증식은 FACScan으로 측정하고 세포 표면항원 CD16, CD25 및 HLA-DR 은 FITC/PE 항체로 측정하였다. 결과 : 골쇄보(骨碎補)는 mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin; PHA) 과 antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) 에 의해 자극받은 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 의 증식을 억제하였다. 더욱이, 골쇄보(骨碎補)는 mouse 와 인간에 기원한 여러 세포들의 성장을 억제하였다. 또한, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-2 (IL-2)와 tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ 의 생성을 억제하였다. 한편, human PBMCs 에서 intracytoplasmic $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$와 cell surface markers 인 CD16, HLA-DR 의 expression은 골쇄보(骨碎補)에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나, CD25 expression 은 현저히 통제되었다. 결론 : 골쇄보(骨碎補) ethanol 추출물이 in vitro 에서 항 증식성과 변역 억제작용을 가지고 있다는 가능성을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

In order to investigate the Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng, we have studied the effects of ginseng saponin on the proliferation and cytosine gene expression of human pheripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In the PBMC proliferation assay, total saponin exhibited proliferation inhibition on the PBMC or phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion. Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng were further investigated using the cytokine gene expression as the indicators. In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor genes were expressed in the PHA-stimulated PBMC 48 hrs after cell culture. Among expressed cytokines, total saponin could increase the expression of IL-1 and TNF of PBMC without stimulation of PHA. All of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Rc, Re, incresed TNF gene expression. Especially, Rb2 (20 g/ml) showed most prominent effect on TNF gene expression and it also slightly increased IL-1 gene expression of PBMC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

Soy, high dietary intake for the oriental population, is a main source of isoflavonoids. Sophoricoside (SOP) an isoflavone glycoside was isolated from immature fruits of Sophora japonica (Leguminosae family) and its inhibitory effect on chemical mediators involved in inflammatory response was investigated in this study. SOP inhibited the interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.1 $\mu$M whereas it had no effects on IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-a bioactivities. SOP was identified as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 4.4 $\mu$ M, but did not show inhibitory effect on the synthesis of COX-2. However, SOP had no effect on the production of reactive oxygen species including superoxide anions and nitric oxide. These results revealed that in vitro anti-inflammatory action of SOP is significantly different from that of genistein known as a phytoestrogen of soy products. This experimental study has documented an importance of dietary soy isoflavonoids as multifunctional agents beneficial to human health, and will help to clarify protective mechanisms of SOP against inflammatory conditions.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.60-61
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• 2003

Human Genome Project has recently been completed and the information on nucleotide sequences of our whole genome is now available at the public or commercial data banks. Next goals are to identify the functions of each gene and to elucidate the intracellular signal transduction pathways regulating gene expression. We have established a PCR-based bioassay to search for biologically active compounds that can modulate the expression of genes encoding important proteins. (omitted)

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.949-955
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• 2009

점막 상피는 외부 인자를 감지하는 최전선의 인식부위로서 외부스트레스 자극을 하부의 반응 신호로 전달하는 주요 세포이다. 리보솜독성 반응을 유발하는 데옥시니발레놀 (DON) 및 그 관련 곰팡이 독소는 푸자륨 곰팡이 오염에 의한 식중독성 소화기 염증성 질환과의 연관성이 알려 져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 DON이 상피세포 감지 신호 전달 분자로서 PKR과 EGR-1이 관련 되고 이들이 상피세포에서의 염증성 사이토가인 인터루킨 8의 생성에 관련 된다는 가정 하에서 연구를 수행 하였다. PKR 발현의 세포내 작용 억제는 DON에 의해 유도되는 인터루킨 8의 생성을 감소시켰다. 또한 DON에 의한 IL-8 전사 활성화는 PKR 억제에 의하여 장관 상피세포에서 감소하였다. PKR 저해제의 처리는 EGR-1 promoter 활성, mRNA, 단백질 유도 등을 감소를 유발하였으며 MAP kinase (ERK1/2, p38, JNK)는 변화가 적거나 오히려 PKR 저해제의 전처리에 의하여 항진 되었다. 결론적으로 DON에 의해 자극된 감지신호인 EGR-1은 자체적으로 또는 PKR 신호를 경유하여 인터루킨8의 생산을 항진하는데 주요한 기능을 하였다. 이를 통하여 향후 리보솜 독성 반응과 관련된 소화기 염증유발의 주요한 기전을 제공하고 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2000

Objective: The presence of the various cytokines in human peritoneal fluid has been evaluated incompletely. Changes in cytokine levels may be related to activation of peritoneal macrophage and T-lymphocyte, development of endometriosis, and infertility. This study assesses peritoneal fluid levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in infertile women with endometriosis and normal women without endometriosis. Design: Prospective and case-control study in university hospital. Materials and Methods: Cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid obtained during laparotomy or laparoscopy from 21 patients in infertile patients with endometriosis and 24 controls undergoing laparotomy or laparoscopy with no evidence of pelvic endometriosis were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean levels of interleukin-6 in infertile patients with endometriosis and controls were $72.7{\pm}23.7$ pg/ml and $18.5{\pm}9.7$ pg/ml respectively (p=0.02). Similarly, the mean levels of interleukin-8 in infertile patients with endometriosis was significantly higher than that of controls ($445.0{\pm}89.6$, vs $45.1{\pm}48.4$, p=0.04). The mean concentration of interleukin-10 in infertile patients with endometriosis was significantly lower than that of controls ($1.09{\pm}0.04$ vs $2.19{\pm}0.03$, p=0.03). The level of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was not significantly different between the two study groups. Conclusions: Increased IL-6 and IL-8 and decreased IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid may be related to pathogenesis in the endometriosis and infertility, suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in infertili women with endometriosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7357-7362
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• 2014

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a central proinflammatory cytokine, maintains immune homeostasis and also plays important roles in cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate any associations of IL-6 gene polymorphisms at positions -174 and -572 with predisposition to cervical cancer in a Chinese population. The present hospital-based case-control study comprised 518 patients with cervical cancer and 518 healthy controls. Polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Patients with cervical cancer had a significantly higher frequency of the IL-6 -174 CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) =1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-2.19; p=0.02], IL-6 -572 CC genotype (OR =1.91, 95% CI = 1.16-3.13; p=0.01) and IL-6 -174 C allele (OR =1.21, 95% CI = 1.02-1.44; p=0.03) compared to healthy controls. When stratifying by the FIGO stage, patients with III-IV cervical cancer had a significantly higher frequency of IL-6 -174 CC genotype (OR =1.64, 95% CI =1.04-2.61; p=0.04). The CC genotypes of the IL-6 gene polymorphisms at positions -174 and -572 may confer a high risk of cervical cancer. Additional studies with detailed human papillomavirus (HPV) infection data are warranted to validate our findings.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2011

Objective: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), IVF outcomes, and follicular fluid (FF) cytokine concentrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Eighty-six infertile patients with PCOS resistant to clomiphene citrate were randomized to receive pioglitazone (30 mg/day) or placebo on the starting day of oral contraceptive (OC) pretreatment, followed by an IVF protocol using a GnRH antagonist. Pioglitazone or placebo was administered once daily from the starting day of OC to the day of hCG injection. Results: Total dose and days of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone administered, and the numbers of retrieved and mature oocytes, were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group than in the control group. FF tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations at oocyte retrieval were also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group. The clinical pregnancy rate was higher and the incidence of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was lower in the pioglitazone group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Pioglitazone reduces FF TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, and may improve ovarian response to COS in patients with PCOS.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogens and anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium. Eriobotryae folium are constituent herbs of Gagamgamroum, which has been used for a long time in oriental medicine as a herbal medicine for treating halitosis and toothache. Method: Eriobotryae folium was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with water. We investigated antimicrobial activity by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. We also investigated inhibition of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ collagenase (mmp-1), stromelysin-1 (mmp-3), interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts using RTPCR analysis. Result: The antimicrobial effects of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with MIC against periodontopathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561, W50, A7A1-28, 9-14K-1, Prevotella intermedia 28, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. MICs of Eriobotryae folium were 1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with influence of herbs on the $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ expression of mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6. $IL-1{\beta}$ increased mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Eriobotryae folium significantly inhibited $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggested that Eriobotryae folium might reduce the excessive proteolytic capacity of the gingival fibroblast during inflammation and could be developed as a new drug for periodontitis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1649-1653
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• 2006

Allergic diseases are the result of Th2-dominated responses to single or multiple environmental allergens. Th2 cytokines regulate these mechanisms of allergic disease at many levels, including initiation, progression, and persistence. The effect of hwangryun-Hae-Dok-Tang (HRHDT) on tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulated inflammation was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), eotaxin, regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) immunoassay on the human bronchial epithelial microglial cells. From the present study, the crude extract of Hwangryun-Hae-Dok-tang suppressed the TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4 stimulated TARC, eotaxin, and RANTES production in the human bronchial epithelial A549 cells. Based on the present results, Hwangryun-Hae-Dok-tang may be useful in the treatment asthmatic allergy by inhibiting TARC, eotaxin, and RANTES chemokines.