• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2004

Objectives : Sasang Constitutional Medicine is based on the diversity of human beings and medically developing a variation of responses to diseases and medicines. This diversity is categorized into four concerning morphology, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It is supposed that sasang constitutional medicine is related the genetic diversity of individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphism is the basic tool to research genetic polymorphism as a landmark of genomes. Each constitution has different processes of pathophysiology and metabolisms to herb medications. In clinical research, the stroke incidence is significantly different by constitution. Methods : We researched whether the polymorphic expression of CCK (rs=2241997) depends on sasang constitution. The [c/t] polymorphism site of promotor region of CCK gene on 3p22-p21.3 was investigated. Results : The allele frequency of [c/t] polymorphism of CCK promotor region was different in constitution groups compared to the average allele frequency of SNP DB. The allele frequencies of Soeumin and Soyangin groups were (c:0.70/t:0.30). and (c:0.71/t:0.29), that of Taeumin group was (c:0.57/t:0.43) and of Taeyangin group was (c:1.00/t:0.00) Conclusions : It was regarded the [c/t] polymorphism of CCK promotor region is available to classify the constitution. However, it is necessary to research about CCK gene polymorphism and more constitution population groups. It is also necessary to research the more functional gene's polymorphism and sasang constitution.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.890-899
• /
• 2008

This study aimed to identify the effects of service quality of internet shopping malls on consumer satisfaction and word of mouth intention. The data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 345 people aged between 20 and 39 living in Busan. The SPSS package was used for data analysis whose methods included factor analysis, ANOVA, cluster analysis and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: First, the service quality factors were determined to be reliability, diversity, convenience, accuracy & communicability. Differences among the groups divided by service quality factors were found to be meaningful in consumer satisfaction and word of mouth intention. Second, reliability, diversity, convenience & accuracy significantly affected consumer satisfaction, however all the service quality factors significantly effected word of mouth intention. Finally, consumer satisfaction, reliability, diversity, accuracy & communicability had an significant effect on word of mouth intention. It would be helpful for the managers of internet shopping malls that consumers can be satisfied with right fashion products and efficient inter-communication based on trustfulness in the long-term relationship.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.613-623
• /
• 2018

The instability of operational channels on cognitive radio networks (CRNs), which is due to the stochastic behavior of primary users (PUs), has increased the complexity of the design of the optimal routing criterion (ORC) in CRNs. The exploitation of available opportunities in CRNs, such as the channel diversity, as well as alternative routes provided by the intermediate nodes belonging to routes (internal backup routes) in the route-cost (or weight) determination, complicate the ORC design. In this paper, to cover the channel diversity, the CRN is modeled as a multigraph in which the weight of each edge is determined according to the behavior of PU senders and the protection of PU receivers. Then, an ORC for CRNs, which is referred to as the stability probability of communication between the source node and the destination node (SPC_SD), is proposed. SPC_SD, which is based on the obtained model, internal backup routes, and probability theory, calculates the precise probability of communication stability between the source and destination. The performance evaluation is conducted using simulations, and the results show that the end-to-end performance improved significantly.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.454-461
• /
• 2019

Background: Ikonnikov's whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) is found throughout the Korean Peninsula, as well as in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, China, and Japan. It is small-sized and primarily inhabits old-growth forests. The decrease and fragmentation of habitats due to increased human activity may influence the genetic structure of bat populations. This study was designed to elucidate the population genetic structure of M. ikonnikovi using mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b). Results: The results showed that M. ikonnikovi populations from Korea have high genetic diversity. Although genetic differentiation was not detected for the COI gene, strong genetic differentiation of the Cytb gene between Mt. Jeombong and Mt. Jiri populations was observed. Moreover, the results indicated that the gene flow of the maternal lineage may be limited. Conclusions: This study is the first to identify the genetic population structure of M. ikonnikovi. We suggest that conservation of local populations is important for sustaining the genetic diversity of the bat, and comprehensive studies on factors causing habitat fragmentation are required.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2009

The genetic diversity plays a significant role in determining a species' survival and perseverance. Endangered species often lack genetic variation, which makes them vulnerable to numerous dangers of extinction including selection, genetic drifts and human interference. Knowing an endangered species' genetic background greatly enhances conservation efforts since it reveals why, what and how to conserve that species. Cotoneaster wilsonii is an endangered plant species endemic to Ulleung island, but not enough genetic research has been done on this taxon for its effective conservation plans. In this study, three populations of C. wilsonii in Ulleung island underwent allozyme analysis through starch gel electrophoresis. 10 loci were analyzed and F-statistics was calculated. Overall data indicated that C. wilsonii possessed low genetic diversity with intense inbreeding, heterozygote deficiency and low differentiation among populations. These results implied that C. wilsonii was recently introduced to the Ulleung island from ancestor species, and did not have much time to differentiate. Current status of C. wilsonii habitats is very fragile and vulnerable, with increasing tourism constantly threatening the species' survival. It is very likely that C. wilsonii will become extinct in near future unless organized conservation protects its populations and genetic diversity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.545-552
• /
• 2018

Plasmodium vivax is more challenging to control and eliminate than P. falciparum due to its more asymptomatic infections with low parasite densities making diagnosis more difficult, in addition to its unique biological characteristics. The potential re-introduction of incidence cases, either through borders or via human migrations, is another major hurdle to sustained control and elimination. The Republic of Korea has experienced re-emergence of vivax malaria in 1993 but is one of the 32 malaria-eliminating countries to-date. Despite achieving successful nationwide control and elimination of vivax malaria, the evolutionary characteristics of vivax malaria isolates in the Republic of Korea have not been fully understood. In this review, we present an overview of the genetic variability of such isolates to increase understanding of the epidemiology, diversity, and dynamics of vivax populations in the Republic of Korea.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.85-103
• /
• 2022

Korea is one of the most advanced countries in kelp aquaculture. The brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina japonica are major aquaculture species and have been principally utilized for human food and abalone feed in Korea. This review discusses the diversity, population structure and genomics of kelps. In addition, we have introduced new cultivar development efforts considering climate change, and potential carbon sequestration of kelp aquaculture in Korea. U. pinnatifida showed high diversity within the natural populations but reduced genetic diversity in cultivars. However, very few studies of S. japonica have been conducted in terms of population structure. Since studies on cultivar development began in early 2000s, five U. pinnatifida and one S. japonica varieties have been registered to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To meet the demands for seaweed biomass in various industries, more cultivars should be developed with specific traits to meet application demands. Additionally, cultivation technologies should be diversified, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and offshore aquaculture, to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. These kelps are anticipated to be important sources of blue carbon in Korea.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2002

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) considers the western/lowland bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus to be a threatened species, and the eastern/mountain bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci an endangered species［1］. Although extinction is considered by many biologists to be a natural process during evolution, the exponential growth of the human population has drastically and prematurely reduced the numbers and genetic diversity of many species［2］. Species have evolved to adapt to a specific habitat or environment that meet their survival needs. Alteration or destruction of their habitat results in a species becoming incapable of adapting and hence becoming threatened with extinction. A widespread scientific and public consensus has emerged suggesting that governments should assign high priority to the maintenance of biological diversity via habitat preservation and management far species conservation［3］. Unfortunately, the loss of biological diversity far surpasses the available conservation resources and species are lost forever on a daily basis［4］. Notwithstanding the focus on habitat preservation and wildlife management, conservation biologists have also become increasingly interested in using the technologies of reproductive and developmental biology to help manage or rescue endangered species［5］.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.3182-3198
• /
• 2019

Vision-based Human Pose Estimation has been considered as one of challenging research subjects due to problems including confounding background clutter, diversity of human appearances and illumination changes in scenes. To tackle these problems, we propose to use a new multi-stage convolution machine for estimating human pose. To provide better heatmap prediction of body joints, the proposed machine repeatedly produces multiple predictions according to stages with receptive field large enough for learning the long-range spatial relationship. And stages are composed of various modules according to their strategic purposes. Pyramid stacking module and dilation module are used to handle problem of human pose at multiple scales. Their multi-scale information from different receptive fields are fused with concatenation, which can catch more contextual information from different features. And spatial and channel information of a given input are converted to gating factors by squeezing the feature maps to a single numeric value based on its importance in order to give each of the network channels different weights. Compared with other ConvNet-based architectures, we demonstrated that our proposed architecture achieved higher accuracy on experiments using standard benchmarks of LSP and MPII pose datasets.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of the village groves in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conserved. 33 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 31 of 51 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human overuse. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of village groves in Chinan-Gun region. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavioral characteristics. Principal dominant species and appearing rate, height, width, density of those, species diversity of groves were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation between each factor were analyzed and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.