• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Social infrastructures have been built when the growth of economy in Korea significantly increases in 1960s. Nowadays, these infrastructures have been aged with an inappropriate maintenance and management and the citizens have rare recognition for human disasters. In addition, the government has law or regulations responding to human disasters but these are not complementary. Since these human disasters have been issued as social problems and have induced social and economic loss, the improvement schemes for human disasters are currently being demanded. In this study, the case histories of damages and improvement schemes with respect to the types of damages for human disasters are comprehensively investigated.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

Many types of disasters are related to environmental problems. Today, frequently occurring disasters and global environmental problems have begun to threaten human life and welfare. Consequently, building sustainable communities requires assessing relationships between environmental problems and disasters using a broad, open approach and with a long-term perspective. This paper attempts to identify the need for conceptualizing disasters and environmental problems together by comparing mechanisms of both disasters and environmental problems, and attempts to integrate both of these seemingly different types of phenomena as similar types of risk threatening human existence. Based on this work, a chart is proposed for qualitatively organizing disasters, environmental problems and their mutual influences, as well as providing a framework for potential quantitative analysis. It is hoped this research serves to contribute to effective mitigation to both disasters and environmental problems in today's age of global environmental issues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.107-116
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• 2005

Korea has been suffering from various natural disasters. Slope-stability related disasters such as landslides usually occur during typhoon and torrential rain season. Types of slope-stability related disasters can be classified as failures in cut slopes along constructed roads, landslides in natural terrain, and retaining structure failures in urban area. This paper summarizes human casualties for the last 29 years in Korea, reviews field studies for the disaster sites that caused human casualties due to torrential rains in the Summer of 2005, analyzes causes of slope-stability related disasters and includes recommendations for an effective management system.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.473-492
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• 2016

Objective: This paper discusses the recent challenges to human factors engineering due to the safety culture. Background: As incidents occurring in specific fields such as logistics, plant, energy and medical sectors in Korea, as well as in the public sectors including railway, road, aviation and shipping, are recently raised as social issues from the disaster dimension, those incidents are dealt with as man-made disasters in many cases. The trend regarding all accidents as man-made disasters has been expanded in the active perspective that the controllability of all incidents should be ensured in technology development, due to change from a fatal point of view regarding disasters as random occurrence of uncertainties in the past. Method: Man-made disasters are concluded as human errors, and safety culture stands out as a cause of human errors or a new cause item recently. Because safety culture, however, is a very comprehensive term, of which true nature is obscure, although many definitions of safety culture have been presented, the safety culture may make avoid the true nature and responsibility of an incident, or make the main player and subject obscure. Raising safety culture as a cause without presenting a specific countermeasure will be just a wisdom of hindsight. Results and Conclusion: This study reviews the fundamental discussions on "Is safety culture a task of human factors engineering?" and the existing approach carried out from various perspectives in order to seek an effective approach on the new task of safety culture in the human factors engineering field. This study discusses an engineering approach to meet a precondition that safety culture is not just an added factor through a review of the approaches in the proactive fields such as nuclear power and aviation, and the traditional approaches of human factors engineering. Application: This study especially defines the perspective of socio-technological system that has expanded the existing man-machine system, and discusses a systemic approach embracing various interactions, and several overriding tasks.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest heavy snow risk analysis in Seoul. METHODS : Recently, the increase of extreme weather caused by global warming raises the occurrences of unpredictable natural disasters and the loss potential of human disasters by land use facilities accumulation. It is necessary to develop the risk analysis for the natural and human disasters. RESULTS : In this study, heavy snow risk analysis among natural disasters in Seoul was suggested. The spatial unit of risk analysis level was established for the lines and administrative districts. CONCLUSIONS : The risk analysis was performed using risk matrix of disaster occurrence score and disaster damage score. The components affecting the risk disaster analysis by types were analyzed and the application of heavy snow risk analysis was suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.235-246
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• 2003

Due to major disasters Korea has been damaged, and they caused lots of casualties: for last ten years natural disasters caused 1288 deaths including missing people; human disasters including industrial disasters brought as many as 4,512.148 casual ties (126,372 deaths with 4,385,400 injuries); and they cost 44.1 trillion property damage. However, even though major disasters have brought about tremendous human loss and property damage, Koreas National Disaster Medical System to rescue casualties is insufficient, and it has not been activated. Fortunately, through major disaster management process, the National Disaster Management System has been developed, increasing its own efficiency, and resulting in to organize an Office of Firefighting and Prevention of Disasters under the central government. Considering the value of human lives, the disaster medical part, in the U.S.A. as well as in Korea, must have an independent organization in the government, not as one sector of the government department. It will have its own organizational structure, such as disaster planning, operation, and logistics, and interact with central and local government or between local government agencies. So each agency will cooperate and supply resources interchangeably. Also, with the system of disaster management and restoration, the disaster medical system must be advanced in keeping step. Its role must be extended due to the possibility of biological terror or SARS around the world, resulting in severe casualties. Korea has the Emergency Medical Service System based on the regulation of emergency medical care, yet it is a part of the National Disaster Management System. It must be managed independently apart from it. As we see the emergency medical technicians playing as the backbone in disaster medical care in the US, we should have legal foundations for Koreas emergency medical technicians, emergency medical providers, to participate in rescue operation actively. At the same time, we need to have a national register system to classify disaster medical resources, and a total plan to place resources according to the impact of disaster, and how to organize teams. We also need to draw up a scheme to activate civil disaster medical resources, as integrating public and private or voluntary organizations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2016

Religious literature are full of disasters and human suffering, which are generally human destinies in this lives. This article deals with some lists of disasters in the Old Testament and in the discourses of Jesus on the Mt. Olives in the New Testament and writings of Ellen G. White, an American Christian writer in the 20th century.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2002

The more people and urban infrastructures are crowded in a society, the more possibilities of disasters are existed. Most of cities have a difficulty in coping with unpredictable disasters consisting of natural and human characteristics. As a proved before, theses disasters have serious effects on socio-economical, financial and physical damages, and human lives. Although we have prepared various types of disaster-protection programs, there are rooms to be desired in establishing advanced warning system towards safeguards of disasters. In this research, we propose semantic ideas of an advanced information system associated with automatic voicing mail linking to telephone. This conceptual model and its architecture is for not only predicting and analyzing disasters, but also recommending counter-measurements and solutions for risks and dangers in disastrous circumstances. However, there are little works with regard to definitions and conceptual models of automatic voicing mail system in the context of geographical information sciences. Therefore, this research focuses on scrutinizing the effect of possible natural vulnerability and human hazards in our present societies.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-146
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• 2007

The disaster preparedness system in Korea has been developed in spite of many obstacles, but there are still many problems for response to various kinds of disasters in 21th century. Disaster response system in Korea was focused on policy, administration, hardwares in the past. But in the future it is necessary to change the system to adapt the global needs about the human based disaster response system and capacity to assist the international disaster by official assistance and research for that field. Because nearly all the disasters are associated with the safety, welfare, injury, disability and survival of human, health disaster preparedness and response system should be a important part in the whole disaster system considering the common value of human right to disaster preparedness for human.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2007

In order to reduce the amount of damage from natural disasters, we needs prevention meteorological database classified into the cause of disaster, damage elements etc. For this, we have analyzed four data, such as Statistical yearbook of calamities issued by the National Emergency Management Agency and Annual Climatological Report issued by the Korea Meteorological Administration and Recently 10 years for natural disaster damage and Statistics Yearbook from the Ministry of Government Administration and Human affairs. Through the analysis of disaster data, we have selected input variables, such as causes and elements, occurrence frequencies, vulnerable areas of natural disaster, etc. In order to reduce damage from natural disaster, the prevention activities and forecasting based on meteorological parameters and damage datas are required. In addition, it is necessary to process meteorological information for disaster prevention activities. Through these procedure, we have established the foundation of database about natural disasters. This database will be used to assess the natural disasters and build risk model and natural disasters mitigation plan.