• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1459-1466
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• 2018

Robots which detect human and recognize action are important factors for human interaction, and many researches have been conducted. Recently, deep learning technology has developed and learning based robot's technology is a major research area. These studies require a database to learn and evaluate for intelligent human perception. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal sensor-based image database condition considering the security task by analyzing the image database to detect the person in the outdoor environment and to recognize the behavior during the running of the robot.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2002

Reduction and prevention of human error is one of the major interests for the enhancement of system safety and availability in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). As human beings have become the weak point in the system safety, a systematic evaluation on human performance during emergency situation should be performed in advance to identify the potential vulnerability of human tasks. Though the data gathering and analysis from real field is an important precondition, there were no available data in nuclear field of korea. This paper presents the result of human performance analysis on emergency tasks in NNPs. Firstly, a task analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of operator tasks during emergency condition and to classify them into a set of generic emergency tasks. Secondly, simulation data were collected and analyzed for the emergency tasks using the full scope simulator of Younggwang NPPs. The analyzed human performance information cover the event diagnosis time, the execution time of each procedural step, observation parameters, typer of irrelevant response, pattern of communication among staffs, and so on. These performance data would be used for human reliability analysis and the research of human error as technical bases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2005

The wound healing process in fetus is quite different form that of adult. Regeneration plays an important role and scarless wound healing is possible in early gestational fetal period. Recently, the various effects of the hypoxia and reoxygenation in the wound healing process have been investigated by many researchers. The hypoxic state is known to alter protein synthesis and gene expression of TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF. The authors hypothesize there may be differences between fetal and adult fibroblast and this difference may play a possible role in the mechanism of scarless fetal wound healing. In this study, we investigated the growth of fibroblast, the amount of collagen deposition, the amount of protein synthesis and gene expression in TGF-${\beta}$(transforming growth factor-${\beta}$), VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) under the various hypoxic and reoxygenation conditions. Through these processes, we tried to determine the relationships between scarless fetal wound healing and hypoxic condition. In control group, fetal and adult fibroblasts were cultured under normoxic condition. The experimental groups were allocated into four different groups. The differences in TGF-beta, VEGF under 24, 48, 72 hours were statistically investigated. Compared to adult fibroblast group, there was a statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in the rates of protein synthesis in TGF-beta and VEGF of fetal fibroblast. In this study, these results may reflect the possibility that fetal fibroblast are more susceptible to change in oxygen and has a superior rate of angiogenesis through increased VEGF expression. The possible superiority of angiogenesis in fetal fibroblast may play an important role in scarless wound healing.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The society of intelligence-information complex is a fresh world that connects things, knowledge and calculation with human. What is the condition of educational reform in this world? Robinson and Aronica(2015) suggest educational reform at the center of organic agriculture, in which they focus on the dignity of human as an organic being. Human consists in an intelligence and a life. We have to ask to ourselves what is the human in this Age. The development of AI represented by deep-learning will be an actual condition in the educational reform. In the other hand, the combination with an information technology and art rises a question about a life itself. So, we have to ask the question seriously that overlap what is the human and what is a life. Two questions about human and a life cast a philosophical paradox in the age of AI.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-97
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• 2016

Performance-based remaining life assessment of reinforced concrete bridge girders, subject to chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement, is addressed in this paper. Towards this, a methodology that takes into consideration the human judgmental aspects in expert decision making regarding condition state assessment is proposed. The condition of the bridge girder is specified by the assignment of a condition state from a set of predefined condition states, considering both serviceability- and ultimate- limit states, and, the performance of the bridge girder is described using performability measure. A non-homogeneous Markov chain is used for modelling the stochastic evolution of condition state of the bridge girder with time. The thinking process of the expert in condition state assessment is modelled within a probabilistic framework using Brunswikian theory and probabilistic mental models. The remaining life is determined as the time over which the performance of the girder is above the required performance level. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated through the remaining life assessment of a reinforced concrete T-beam bridge girder.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2143-2147
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• 2005

Human-Robot interaction (HRI) has recently become one of the most important issues in the field of robotics. Understanding and predicting the intentions of human users is a major difficulty for robotic programs. In this paper we suggest an interaction method allows the robot to execute the human user's desires in an intelligent room-based domain, even when the user does not give a specific command for the action. To achieve this, we constructed a full system architecture of an intelligent room so that the following were present and sequentially interconnected: decision-making based on the Bayesian belief network, responding to human commands, and generating queries to remove ambiguities. The robot obtained all the necessary information from analyzing the user's condition and the environmental state of the room. This information is then used to evaluate the probabilities of the results coming from the output nodes of the Bayesian belief network, which is composed of the nodes that includes several states, and the causal relationships between them. Our study shows that the suggested system and proposed method would improve a robot's ability to understand human commands, intuit human desires, and predict human intentions resulting in a comfortable intelligent room for the human user.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

G-induced Loss of Consciousness(G-LOC) can be predicted by measuring Electromyogram(EMG) signals. Existing studies have mainly focused on specific body parts and lacked of consideration with quantitative EMG indices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indices of EMG signals by human body parts for monitoring G-LOC condition. The data of seven EMG features such as Root Mean Square(RMS), Integrated Absolute Value(IAV), and Mean Absolute Value(MAV) for reflecting muscle contraction and Slope Sign Changes(SSC), Waveform Length (WL), Zero Crossing(ZC), and Median Frequency(MF) for representing muscle contraction and fatigue was retrieved from high G-training on a human centrifuge simulator. A total of 19 trainees out of 47 trainees of the Korean Air Force fell into G-LOC condition during the training in attaching EMG sensor to three body parts(neck, abdomen, calf). IAV, MAV, WL, and ZC under condition after G-LOC were decreased by 17 %, 17 %, 18 %, and 4 % comparing to those under condition before G-LOC respectively. Also, RMS, IAV, MAV, and WL in neck part under condition after G-LOC were higher than those under condition before G-LOC; while, those in abdomen and calf part lower. This study suggest that measurement of IAV and WL by attaching EMG sensor to calf part may be optimal for predicting G-LOC.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixed extracts of aralia cortex and phellodendron cortex (P55A) on activities of human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells in vitro. First experiment was done to evaluate the effect of P55A in normal condition. In control group, the cells($4.5{\times}10^4$ cells/ml) were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% fetal bovine serum. In experimental groups, P55A was added to the above culture condition at the final concentrations of 0.1 ${\mu}g/ml$(Test group 1), 1 ${\mu}g/ml$(Test group 2) and 10 ${\mu}g/ml$(Test group 3). Then each group was tested for the cell proliferation rate at $\frac{1}{2}$, 2, 5 days, protein levels at 2, 5 days, and alkaline phosphatase activity at 2, 5 days. Second experiment was done to evaluate the effect of P55A in high glucose condition. 200 mg/dl glucose was added to the same culture condition of all groups in first experiment. Then each group was tested for the cell proliferation rate at $\frac{1}{2}$ , 2, 5 days, protein levels at 2, 5 days, and alkaline phoaphatase activity at 2, 5 days. The results were as follows ; 1. First experiment 1) As P55A concentration increased, cell proliferation rate increased significantly in test group 2 at 2 days, and test group 2 and 3 at 5 days in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells(P<0.05). 2) In human gingival fibroblasts, all test groups showed significantly increased protein levels as compared to control group at 5 days. In periodontal ligament cells, test group 2 and 3 showed significantly increased protein levels as compared to control group at 2, 5 days(P<0.05). 3) Alkaline phosphatase activity of human periodontal ligament cells increased as P55A concentration increased. The test group 2 and 3 showed significant increase as compared to control group at 5 days(P<0.05). 2. Second experiment 1) As P55A concentration increased, cell proliferation rate increased significantly in test group 2 at 2 days, and test group 2 and 3 at 5 days in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells(P<0.05). 2) In human gingival fibroblasts, test group 3 showed significantly increased protein levels as compared to control group at 2 days, and all test groups at 5 days. In periodontal ligament cells, test group 2 and 3 showed significantly increased protein levels as compared to control group at 2, 5 days(P<0.05). 3) Alkaline phosphatase activity of human periodontal ligament cells increased as P55A concentration increased. The test group 2 and 3 showed significant increase as compared to control group at 2 days, and all test groups at 5 days(P<0.05). From the above results, mixed extracts of aralia cortex and phellodendron cortex appeared to enhance cellular activities including cell proliferation rate, protein levels and alkaline phosphatase activity of human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells in normal and high glucose condition. This study suggests that mixed extracts of aralia cortex and phellodendron cortex seem to be able to subside the inflammation of periodontal tissue and regenerate the destructed periodontal tissue.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction level of interns and residents on training and job environment of two university hospitals in Pusan. The concept of subject's satisfaction was evaluated in general characteristics, socioeconomic status, working condition, human relationship, and job status and scored from 1 to 5. The newly developed questionnaire for this study(32 items) was revised and modified by the preliminary survey. The internal consistency of questionnaire was 0.73(Cronbach's alpha). The self-administered questionnaire was provided to 218 subjects and collected the answering from March 2 to March 25th, 1997, and statistical significances were tested by $x^2-test$, t-test and ANOVA. The satisfaction level between the residents group was significantly different, but satisfaction level of working condition, human relationship and job status showed no difference. The service division part showed highest(2.73) and the surgical division part showed lowest(2.57). The job satisfaction level between the subjects showed higher satisfaction level in working condition, socioeconomic status, and total satisfaction dimension, and intern group showed higher satisfaction level than resident group. Satisfaction level in human relationship dimension, resident group showed higher satisfaction level than intern group, but showed no statistically difference. To improve the working condition for residents, public welfare facilities was firstly suggested and the next was salary increase, overloaded work, respectively. For intern groups, overloaded work and waste work were firstly suggested and the next was public welfare facilities and salary increase, sequentially. The career gets longer, the satisfaction level on general characteristics of working condition, socioeconomic status, and total satisfaction level were increased. The subjects who have religion and higher socioeconomic status showed higher satisfaction level than the other group. The general satisfaction level of subjects in all dimensions showed lower aver age(3.0) and the overall satisfaction level showed below than average. Thus, in order to improvement of subject's working condition, higher quality of life is necessary rather than economic state. In future, these results might be considered to improve the working condition for interns and residents.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to rationale the new approach to analysis of the human capital as a factor of effective development of a national economy and increase the level of country's competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - This research aims the furthest development of the conception in human capital formation. The study made on the base of the methods with scientific classification and systematization, that is, comparative, statistical analysis, economic-mathematic method, and expert assessment and ratings. Results - This research attempted to measure the correlation between the human capital elements and the level of country's competitiveness. The study revealed that formation of the competitive human capital cannot be considered in separation from the development and modernization of education system, the improvement of employment sphere, and the creation of effective interaction between them through the system of professional skills. Conclusions - The competitive human capital formation is one of the most important goals in the innovative economy construction and modern development, and it is also indispensable subject. Especially in the condition of economic crises, the necessity of formation and development of the effective human capital is considerably increasing. Realization of this task requires the development and stimulation of all the factors influencing the growing human potential.