This research analyzes household financial structures and ratios to understand factors of household utility. Its main themes are as following: First, what kinds financial structures are found at each level of income? Second, how are they different by the level of income? Third, what factors contribute to appropriate financial ratios? The themes are supported by the texts on financial ratios from both inside and outside of Korea and proved by the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey, the fifth annual edition. The households are exempted that do not support the household principle record in the principle and household economy record. Accordingly, this survey is from a financial structure analysis of 3,762 households. The analysis utilizes SPSS Window (Version 10.0) program. The following are the results: First, the income level 4 and above, in which the increasing number indicates a higher level of income, are highly ranked on the income-expense level and the asset-debt rate. Also, level 4 has a strong financial structure, whereas level 1 does not. Apparently, the management of the household is complicated by debt redemption and a lower level of assets. Second, Ratio 1, Ratio 2, Ratio 4, and Ratio 5 are different by the level of income. Third, the level of income contributes to the appropriate financial ratio. The financial safety and prospective financial structure at each income level is an important variable. Households with a high income, in particular, have to balance their finances and capital, reducing liabilities and increasing the total assets. In other words, the family must hold assets to enhance efficiency according to the character and income level of the household. This research is a useful resource for such a decision-making as to improve household financial structure stability. Also, it can be adopted to evaluate financial products for specific households and be used for economic and social welfare planning to predict how households influence the nationwide economy.
The transport of cargoes carried by coastal and ocean-going vessels has increased with the rapid growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the sea-borne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualties such as loss of human lives and properties. Marine casualties generally result from the complicated interaction of natural and human factors; the former being the topographic, marine traffic volume and meteorological conditions, and the latter being the quality of seafares. In this paper, the authors analyse the trend of marine casualties in the Korean coastal and clear up the cause of accidents and examine closely the mutual relations among sea accidents, weather conditions, and marine traffic volume. These accidents are classified into several patterns on hte point of view of ship's size, ship's type and ship's age and its characteristics of each pattern are described in detail. Also, the authors estimate the amount of economical losses resulting from marine casualties which are classified into the accident patterns, and clarify the effects of those losses on B/B(Balance Sheet) and P/L(Profit & Loss) of Korean shipping companies and Korean national economy. The analyzed results of marine casualties are summarized as follows: 1) The average number of sea accidents is 248 cases per year with the loss of 107 persons during last 13 years. 2) Collision is the top of causes of sea accidents (approx. 36.4%), shipwreck the second (approx. 20.3%), agroung the third rank (approx. 18.2%). 3) The ship's number under 1, 000G/T is approx. 74% of total ship's number of accidents. 4) 80% of total number of marine accidents is taken plact at the coastal waters. (involved ports & narrow channels) 5) Marine casualties are occur likely to in the night, the winter and the summer. 6) The average amount of economical losses is approx. 18.5 billion won. (approx. 0.14% of GNP) 7) Shipwreck is the top of the amount of economical losses (approx. 60.4%), collision the second (aprox. 24.5%), aground the third (approx. 9.9%). 8) The amount of economical losses is approx. 5.24% of gross capital of shipping co., 1.24% of shipping revenue, 1.38% of shipping total income in 1983.
This study dealt with the effect of the university in area development to Cheonan city. This study ran parallel literature investigation and actual proof investigation. Questionnaires 394 enforce frequency analysis in SPSS 15.0 versions. University positive effect on local community is smooth supply of human capital in local community, increase of regional income, improvement of area image by expanded education opportunities, supply of various university facilities in local communities etc. Contradictory effect is expansion of gap for areas that young persons in local community taken to education of good quality leave other local community, occurrence of conflict by collision of new culture and culture of area characteristic. Role of university for area development is role of help consultation, symbolic role, educational role etc. But the weighed role is leading role which university leads area development. Finally, the prompting methods of university for local community development .must accomplish interchange of operational mode with high quality human resources activating removal of manpower between arithmetic.
The Chinese economic growth rate has been much higher than many countries of the world for many years now. Nowadays, China is experiencing significant economic transformation and structural adjustment. Its speed of development is slowing, and housing and commodity prices are slowly rising. Consequently, a series of economic and social problems have come into being. Under these circumstances, how satisfied are Chinese people on the seven aspects of daily living such as Housing Situation, Household Income, Health, Family Life, Food, Human Relations and Job? The Media and Public Opinion Research Center of Fudan University (FMORC) conducted a phone survey of 606 people living in Beijing, the capital and political and cultural center of China, and Shanghai, the Chinese economic center. The survey results show that the overall satisfaction of Chinese people with their daily life is high. The levels of Family Life and Human Relations are on the top, those of Food, Health and Jobs are listed from the third to the fifth, and satisfaction levels of their Housing Situation and Household Income are on the bottom. The satisfaction levels of males with their Family Life and Health are higher than those of females. Age has a significantly negative correlation with satisfaction with personal health. Monthly income has positive relationships with four aspects of daily life - house income, job, house situation, and family life. Owning a house in cities is another important factor that influences satisfaction with the house situation, house income, food, and family life. Shanghai residents also show higher satisfaction with their health than Beijing residents.
The capital city of Himalayan Country Nepal, Kathmandu Valley is surrounded by consecutive high mountains, which limits the air distribution and mixing effects significantly. It in turn generates steady air flow pattern over a year except in monsoon season. The air shed in the Valley is easily trapped by the surrounded mountains and the inversion layer formulated as the cap. The $PM_{10}$ concentration was noticeably higher than the standard level (120 ${\mu}g/m^3$) in urban and suburban area of Kathmandu valley for all seasons except monsoon period. The Valley area experiences similar wind patterns (W, WWS, and S) for a year but the Easterly wind prevails only during the monsoon period. There was low and calm wind blows during the winter season. Because of this air flow structure, the air emission from various sources is accumulated within the valley air, high level of air pollution is frequently recorded with other air polluted cities over the world. In this Valley area, brick kilns are recognized as the major air pollution source followed by vehicles. Mostly Bull Trench Kiln (BKT), Hoffman Kiln and Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) are in operation for brick firing in Kathmandu valley where the fuels such as crushed coal, saw dust, and natural gas are used for processing bricks in this study. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) was used for screening and quantifying the potential impacts of air emission from firing fuels. The total Environmental Performance Score (EPS) was estimated and the EPS of coal was approximately 2.5 times higher than those of natural gas and saw dust. It is concluded that the crushed coal has more negative impact to the environment and human health than other fuel sources. Concerning the human health and environment point of view, alternative environment friendly firing fuel need to be used for brick industry in the kiln and the air pollution control devices also need to be applied for minimizing the air emissions from the kilns.
This study is intended to identify the difference in social skills among adolescent students, by grade gender, rights practice, and self-awareness. It will raise awareness of the importance of the rights of adolescents and provide basic data of guaranteed rights for adolescents and social skills. Using questionnaires, a 569 adolescents, in four middle and high schools in Seoul and the Capital Area, were analyzed. The study results were as follows: first, females showed higher empathy skills than males did in social skills. In the case of male adolescents, self-control skills among social skills, was higher than those of females. Second, practice for rights and self-concept had positive influences on social skills. The higher the practice for rights, the higher cooperation, assertiveness, empathy, and self-control the adolescents had. The more positive self-concept of physical appearance, gymnastic ability, friends, and honesty, trust and value, indicated a higher assertiveness. The result implied that the adolescents' practice for their rights, self-concept, and social skills were highly correlated with one another, and adequate practice for their rights and positive self-concept had influences on their social skills. Based on the results, in order for adolescents with a low level of social skills to have a satisfactory social life, they should be encouraged to practice their own rights in the right direction and to acquire positive self-concept in the future.
Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
/
v.41
no.6
/
pp.37-42
/
2004
It is necessary for what just keep a living body balance be devoted to it being varied with acidity serious trouble, and constitution of a study person about the density (ph) change that an alkaline ion necessary for a living body is numerical to supply a human body with number alkali by PWM voltage control. Works in the water which included the calcium (Ca), kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), natrium (Na) back who is helpful for a human body, and there is Alkaline. It is done this alkaline electrolysis to ask in order to create a number, and minerals are gathered through isolated layer (isolated special layer) to a - electrode direction, and is created. of course, prominent derelicts gather, and the acidity capital is happened, and -ion of a chlorine (Cl), phosphorus(P), sulfur (S) back is usable unfavorably in water of different use to a + electrode direction. Microprocessor was used with a - pole and a + pole with a PWM(pulse width modulation) voltage in this electrolysis process, and four kinds of PWM voltages were implemented, and a voltage every ph density change tried to be considered. It is expected by getting exactly if number alkaline ion of ph density value necessary is done with setting value if PWM control is used thus.
Kim, Nam-Shin;Cha, Jin-Yeol;Lee, Seung-Eun;Lim, Chi-Hong
Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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v.22
no.4
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pp.35-45
/
2019
The objective of this study is to analyze habitat distribution on tiger, wolf, and leopard in Joseonwangjosilok. Nowaday, we only come to meet these kind of animals at the historical records because of haman-induced habitat encroachment. Historically, extinct animal became an object of game by people. So, we try to get distribution information for restoration on historical extinct animals. We made distribution map by constructing 402 counts on tiger(350), leopard(51) and wolf(1) recordsfrom 14th to Early 20th century for study. Analyzing historical materials, criteria for data analysis took into account objectivity, location information, accuracy for extinct animals. We carried out location identification of animals by using geocoding comparing with geographical name of the Joseon Dynasty period, topographic map of time under the rule of Japanese imperialism, present place name and historical materials. Database items are constructed 20 types for example appearance year of animal, population, location, damage, etc. As a result of analysis for appearance regions, tigers were recorded in capital area of higher density population intensively, and also were frequently seen at Daegu, Andong etc. Leopard and wolf were founded at regionally Gyeonggi-do and Jinju with limitation, relatively seen a few number. The reason of the appearance records like this, tiger prefer game of open and water-front area in near human residential area, there are lots of historical records such as 'Hosang'(mourning someone who killed by Tiger) and hunting. But leopard and wolf inhabit rocky area and dense forest, the reason why they made a few contact with human. Results of this are expect to be applicable restoration research for extinct animal by providing for populations, habitat environments and distribution information.
Um, In-Woong;Ku, Jeong-Kui;Lee, Bu Kyu;Yun, Pil-Young;Lee, Jeong Keun;Nam, Jeong-Hun
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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v.45
no.3
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pp.123-128
/
2019
Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) has been used as a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) carrier in many clinical trials. To optimize the clinical safety and efficacy of rhBMP-2 with DDM, efforts have been made to improve the delivery of rhBMP-2 by 1) lowering the administered dose, 2) localizing the protein, and 3) prolonging its retention time at the action site as well as the bone forming capacity of the carrier itself. The release profile of rhBMP-2 that is associated with endogenous BMP in dentin has been postulated according to the type of incorporation, which is attributed to the loosened interfibrillar space and nanoporous dentinal tubule pores. Physically adsorbed and modified, physically entrapped rhBMP-2 is sequentially released from the DDM surface during the early stage of implantation. As DDM degradation progresses, the loosened interfibrillar space and enlarged dentinal tubules release the entrapped rhBMP-2. Finally, the endogenous BMP in dentin is released with osteoclastic dentin resorption. According to the postulated release profile, DDM can therefore be used in a controlled manner as a sequential delivery scaffold for rhBMP-2, thus sustaining the rhBMP-2 concentration for a prolonged period due to localization. In addition, we attempted to determine how to lower the rhBMP-2 concentration to 0.2 mg/mL, which is lower than the approved 1.5 mg/mL.
The purpose of this study was to find prevalence and the relevant factors of low back pain among taxi-drivers. Information were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire during september, 2004, from 83 taxi-drivers in Gimhae, Kyung Nam province. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and Multiple Logistic Regression(if this is a proper noun, it needs to be capital, if not it needs lower case) by using SPSS 10.0 program. The result were as follows: 1) The prevalence rate of low back pain during lifetime was 81.9% among 83 taxi-drivers. 2) Statistically significant factors related to low back pain during lifetime were sleeping time(p<.05). 3) Through the multiple logistic regression, significantly relevant factors with low back pain were alcohol drinking (OR=.017, 95% CI=.001~.509), and sleeping time (OR=.111, 95% CI=.020~.636). It is necessary to study on a preventive measure of low back pain and systematic human engineering approach through objective clinical research.
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