• Title/Summary/Keyword: Human Capital

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Wage Gap and Determinants of Large and Small Enterprises (대기업과 중소기업 임금격차 및 결정요인)

  • Moo, Young-man
    • Journal of Labour Economics
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.43-72
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    • 2019
  • As a result of decomposing the wage gap between large enterprises and SMEs using Oaxaca's wage gap decomposition method, the total wage gap of supply side factors was 44.2%, and the service years and educational background were the biggest influences. and As a result of decomposing the wage gap by firm size based on demand side factors such as business performance, total wage gap was 44.9%, and the influence on wage gap was in the order of labor productivity, union and outsourcing ratio. The results of this analysis suggest that it is necessary to consider the demand side factors such as business performance and capital structure of supply side companies such as differences in human capital in order to solve wage gap by firm size.

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Determinants of the Competitiveness of Women-Owned Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Empirical Study from Vietnam

  • DAO, Tien Ngoc;LE, Ha Thi Thu;CHU, Phuong Thi Mai;PHAM, Ngan Hoang;LUONG, Trang Thi Dai;TRAN, Dung Tri
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.12
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    • pp.345-352
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    • 2021
  • Guided by a resource-based theory, this study is the first one that takes a quantitative approach to identify determinants of competitiveness of women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The study employs time series data of Vietnamese SMEs extracted from the Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprises Survey conducted biennially from 2005 to 2015 in ten Vietnamese provinces. Firm competitiveness hereby is indicated by revenue, market share, profitability, and export volume. The research reveals a number of determining factors, of all, research and development, labor skills, business environment, technology investment are the most important factors, followed by capital and headcount. It is indicated that the determining factors have different influences on competitiveness obtained by different measurements. Therefore, it is based on specific targets and situations to make wise business decisions. The authors also make comparisons among groups of women-owned enterprises divided by their firm age, location, ownership, export, age, and educational background of business owners. The findings serve as critical empirical evidence and provide policy recommendations for improving the competitiveness of women-owned SMEs in Vietnam. The recommendations range from technology support, education and professional support for female entrepreneurs, access to capital and human resources to business environment improvement.

Public Debt Management and Its Impact on Economic Development: The Case of Vietnam

  • THI, Phuong Lan Vo
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.9 no.9
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    • pp.283-289
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    • 2022
  • Public investment is the process of investing capital in projects that serve national interests and thereby create a driving force for economic development in each country. Especially in developing countries, investment capital is limited, so improving the efficiency of public investment becomes a decisive factor for economic development and enhancing the country's status and ultimately making the country a should be rich. Vietnam has a low starting point, has gone through the doi moi process, and has gradually become a middle-income country, and public investment is attracting attention to improve the quality of the country's infrastructure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the effectiveness of public debt management in Vietnam, through a survey of 150 experts with knowledge of public investment and public debt management, using the results of the estimation through the Using SPSS software, the research results show that the monitoring system and human resource quality have an impact on the effectiveness of public debt management. The study could not, however, discover any proof of the influence of institutional quality, geographic location, or accountability on the effectiveness of public debt management. The research also addresses several policy recommendations for Vietnam that would help the country manage its public debt better in the future.

The Impact of Supervisory Communication Apprehension on Subordinates' Job Performance: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

  • ASAD, Muhammad;ZAFAR, Mueen Aizaz;SAJJAD, Aymen
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.437-448
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    • 2022
  • The impact of supervisory communication apprehension (SCA) on subordinates' job performance was investigated in this study. We also examined the impact of task-related uncertainty in mediating the relationship between SCA and subordinate work performance, as well as the role of information-seeking behavior in moderating the relationship between task-related uncertainty and subordinate job performance. A sample of subordinates and their supervisors from public and private sector enterprises in Pakistan were used in the study. The concept of communication apprehension is not limited to a single organization or industry, and the conditions suggest that apprehensive supervisors are likely to exist in different organizations and industries in Pakistan, including banks, telecommunications, and development sector organizations. Company directors and leaders of human resources departments were contacted to reach out to possible respondents. SmartPLS software was used to evaluate the data using a structural equation modeling technique which is commonly used in explanatory studies (Atta et al., 2021). We found evidence to support ideas predicting the association between SCA and subordinate job performance, as well as the mediating role of task-related ambiguity in the relationship. Furthermore, the findings show that information-seeking activity has a moderating effect on the link between task-related ambiguity and subordinate job performance. This is one of the first studies to look at major mediating and moderating mechanisms in the link between SCA and subordinate job performance.

The Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Evidence from Agricultural Countries

  • SIREGAR, Abi Pratiwa;WIDJANARKO, Nadila Puspa Arum
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2022
  • The study investigates the effect of trade openness on the economic growth of agricultural countries. The information of export, import, gross domestic product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and population of 72 agrarian nations generated by the World Bank from 2011 until 2020 is used for data examination. Then, before panel data analysis, a preferred model is chosen from among common-effects, fixed-effects, and random effects. The best model turns out to be a fixed-effect model. The result reports that from 2011 to 2020; 16 out of 72 nations have succeeded in experiencing positive economic growth, the value of GFCF was US$ 2,859.04 billion, and later grew by 19 percent to US$ 3,393.73 billion, the population tends to increase continuously year by year, and 2 out of 72 countries experienced export plus import exceed their GDP. Moreover, trade openness is positively associated with economic growth, with a coefficient of 3.81. Besides that, an increase in GFCF may boost economic growth by approximately 3.32 percent. On the contrary, one percent additional population significantly delivers around 25.46 percent negative economic growth. To sum up, the higher intensity of products or services sold and bought abroad may enhance the economic performance.

Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective (소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점)

  • Chung, Namho;Han, Hee Jeong;Koo, Chulmo
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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Analysis of Unequal Distribution of Population Income in Indonesia

  • PRAWOTO, Nano;CAHYANI, Richa Dwi
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.7 no.7
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    • pp.489-495
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    • 2020
  • Income inequality is a problem that is not only faced by developing countries such as Indonesia, but also developed countries. The difference lies in the proportion of an inequality that occurs and the solution to the level of difficulty experienced. Thus, this study aims to empirically analyze the unequal distribution of population income in Java island, Indonesia, by including the human development index, open unemployment rate, foreign investment, and the degree of fiscal decentralization. The research model used in this study was multiple linear regression to analyze the panel data with a fixed-effect model approach. The results of the study showed that human development index, open unemployment rate, and the degree of fiscal decentralization had a positive and significant effect on income inequality in Java island. Meanwhile, foreign investment had a negative and insignificant effect on income inequality in Java. It is because the value of the investment is more invested in the capital-intensive sector. The government is expected to be more selective in accepting foreign investments that enter the country, especially in Java, and it should be labor-intensive investments. In addition, the government has to equalize locations for foreign investment without reducing good cooperation with these foreign investors.

A Study on the Job Satisfaction of the Family Restaurant Employees in Ulsan Area (울산지역 패밀리 레스토랑 종사원의 직무 만족에 관한 연구)

  • Ko Ho-Seok;Kim Sun-Kyung
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.625-633
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    • 2004
  • The Food-Service industry, especially the family restaurant so called 'people industry' have a high dependence on human resources. In spite of this importance of human resources, most family restaurant are facing lots of problems such as short of capital, weak financial support, not efficient interpersonal communication and so on. Under this circumstance like that in family restaurant, in which there is a higher importance of human resources to other industries as they are all front-line employers in response to customer demands, the studies on possible factors that affect the employees to be satisfied are highly required. This study was conducted to find out what possible factors affect the employees to be more satisfied, how they affect the employees and what relationship exists between the employee's job satisfaction. This study was intended to develop the most efficient people management in family restaurant. The study was followed up with factor analysis and correspondent analysis as well as regression analysis in order to find out the difference among the individual characteristic variables and to verify the hypotheses.

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A Study on the New Paradigm of Korea Labor Movement (한국 노동운동의 뉴 패러다임에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Min-Saeng;Byun, Sang-Woo
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.25
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    • pp.407-428
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of the study is to examine a new paradigm of Korea labor movement so that Korea labor union may adapt itself to change of labor environment and raise its organizing rate. Examining assignments to have to practice for a new paradigm of a labor union in the 21st century. First, common industrial relations should be constructed. To achieve it, it is necessary that labor and management have a strong partnership as a group sharing common destiny on the basis of mutual confidence. Second, unionism in the side of social reform should be settled down. Labor and capital should grope coexistence and co-prosperity through conversation and negotiation, escaping from opposition and fighting. Third, service function of a labor union should be strengthened. A labor union should offer service as pursuit of diversity, self-management and autonomy in work for laborers. Fourth, labor and management should try to stabilize industrial relations followed by industrial-level negotiations. Fifth, labor and management should try to develop human resources in cooperation between the two. Labor and management should participate in developing human resources on the basis of cooperation. If a labor union has a positive practice for a new paradigm of labor movement as above and recognition about a labor union is changed, industrial relations will realize more developmental relation.

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An Exploration of Direction for Human Resource Development in Marine industry (해양산업 인적자원개발 방향 탐색)

  • LYU, Mi-Hyun;WON, Hyo-Heon;HONG, Jeong-Whan
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.1801-1811
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this research is to grasp the present state of marine lifelong education and to provide direction for maritime industry. In this research, we first saw our country present ocean industry and the ocean lifelong education concept and definition besides formal school education to secure ocean human capital. Second, we researched about the ocean lifelong education that has been progressing by the organization, and by this, we inferred what to improve from our country ocean lifelong education. As a result, the improvement point for present ocean lifelong education of our country was first, the reflect of variety of marine related information in our country lifelong education is low, second, the learners were mostly children and teenagers, third, most of the were event education. Forth, it is good that there are a lot of experimenting programs, but most of them were experiment of ocean leisure sports and visiting the facilities, and because these are one-time thing so it was hard to secure marine citizenship or help them set their career in marine. Fifth, all facilities had similar contents for the experimenting program, and sixth, education period was concentrated on May and November.