• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-87
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• 2015

This study investigates the influence of human capital on wages of female marriage migrants in Korea using the 'National Survey on Multicultural Families 2012'. The results show that educational attainment has little influence on wages of female marriage migrants in Korea and that educational attainment in their origin country has positive influence on the labor market in Korea. However, work experiences in the origin country and duration in Korea are not significantly related to wages of female marriage migrants in Korea. The subgroup analyses by nationality find that the education wage premium is large in groups for Korean-Chinese women, other Asian countries and other countries. Among occupations, managers and professionals officers earn the highest wages in all groups. In addition, the manager and professional officer groups show the large education wage premium, especially among Chinese, Vietnamese and Korean-Chinese female marriage migrants.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.61-87
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• 2012

In order to improve the value of individuals and the organization's performance, strenuous efforts have been made on improving their human capital and expanding their social capital by members of the organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to verify how members' intimacy network of an organization affects the organization's performance. In this research, they are verified by setting the characteristic of individuals intimacy network as an independent variable, and the job performance and the degrees of cooperation in the network as dependent variables. The results of this study show as follows. First, the size, strength, approach of intimacy network showed significant results. In particular, the first impression when first saw him becomes an important variable. And, that is affected by the approach of intimacy network. Second, the approach of intimacy network has a high impact on the cooperative behavior and job performance in a group which is formed by relationships through face-to-face contract.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-156
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• 2017

Although technological progress is considered a key element for economic growth and development of a country, strong empirical evidence in this regard is not available yet. Therefore, to establish the empirical link between technology progress and economic development, it is advisable to carry out a time series analysis. In this regard, the Technology Achievement Index (TAI) of 100 top economies has been developed to examine the position of countries' technological progress for the 21 years spanning 1995 to 2015. Countries have been ranked on their TAI which is based on four pillars; technology creation, diffusion of older innovations, diffusion of recent innovations, and development of human skills. As well, this current study re-calculates the Humane Development Index (HDI) of 100 top economies for the 21 years from 1995 to 2015. Ranking of countries' HDI values reflects three dimensions: A long lifespan (life expectancy index), knowledge (Education Index) and a decent standard of living (Gross National Income Index, or GNI). The Standard Deviation (SD) technique has been used to investigate the technological gap between individual countries and groups of countries or regions. For a more meaningful assessment, technological gaps from the maximum achievement value (i.e., one of the countries under study) are presented as well. To investigate the impact of technological progress on economic development, this study introduces a model in which the HDI is used as the dependent variable and the TAI and Gross Capital Formation (GCF) are used as independent variables. The HDI, TAI and GCF are used in this model as proxy variables for economic development, technological progress and capital respectively. Econometric techniques have been used to show the impact of technological progress on economic development. The results show that long-term associations exist between technology progress and economic development; the impact of technology progress on economic development is 13.2% while the impact is 4.3% higher in eight selected East South Asian countries, at 13.5%, than in eight selected highly developed countries (9.2%).

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.477-498
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• 2010

This paper studies economic growth convergence conditioning on various characteristics of East Asian countries. Our findings suggest that when trade openness is conditioned in addition to human capital and investment, the economic growth rates for East Asian countries converge faster than when human capital and investment alone are considered. In particular, while Northeast Asian countries exhibit absolute economic growth convergence as well as economic growth convergence conditioned on trade openness, Southeast Asian countries show only economic growth convergence conditioned on trade openness. Analysis of policy implications based on the results of the first East Asian countries' high dependence on foreign trade, trade openness in the convergence of economic growth has had a significant positive effect. Second, in order to establish a regional economic integration in East Asia, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, the country's economic growth is necessary to reduce the gap.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-123
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• 2008

In this paper, technology gap between Korea's manufacturing industries compared to technology frontier countries was estimated in order to take into account Korea's status as a technology follower country. Then by using this measure the role of technology gap was investigated in explaining total factor productivity growth of the Korean manufacturing at industry level. The main empirical findings are as follows: First, the conventional factors that were emphasized in the previous literature such as R&D intensity, trade openness and human capital play important role in explaining the growth rate of Korea's total factor productivity. Second, the larger the technology gap between Korea and technology leader country (and the faster the technology growth rate in the leader country), the higher the growth rate of total factor productivity in Korea as well. Third when the technology gap is large, the most efficient way of absorbing higher technology from frontier country seems to be the international trade channel rather than R&D or human capital accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-104
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the intermediary roles of employee performance between high performance work system (HPWS) and its operational performance on the resource based view. Taking into account the unit of analysis, this study used a hierarchical linear modeling analysis in order to test rigorously the association between HPWS at the organisational level and employee performance at the individual level. For this empirical test, Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) data including 316 firms and 7,872 respondents (including 923 team leaders) were used. To meet the unit of analysis and test the mediation effect, data at the individual and team level were aggregated into the organisational level. The empirical results show that HPWS have a positive impact on operational performance as well as employee performance such as job satisfaction, organisational commitment and organisational trust. Regarding the mediation effect, job satisfaction and organisational trust mediate between HPWS and operational performance. Theoretical implications are discussed in conclusion.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.273-286
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• 2021

Background: Prostate carcinoma is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Developing new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PC) is a significant need. The Chinese herbal medicine Panax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) have been reported to show anti-tumor effects. We hypothesized that PQS exhibits anti-cancer activity in human PC cells and we aimed to search for novel biomarkers allowing early diagnosis of PC. Methods: We used the human PC cell line DU145 and the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 to perform cell viability assays, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, and FACS-based apoptosis assays. Microarray-based gene expression analysis was used to display specific gene expression patterns and to search for novel biomarkers. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to demonstrate the expression levels of multiple cancer-related genes. Results: Our data showed that PQS inhibited the viability of DU145 cells and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. A significant decrease in DU145 cell invasion and migration were observed after 24 h treatment by PQS. PQS up-regulated the expression levels of p21, p53, TMEM79, ACOXL, ETV5, and SPINT1 while it down-regulated the expression levels of bcl2, STAT3, FANCD2, DRD2, and TMPRSS2. Conclusion: PQS promoted cells apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells, which suggests that PQS may be effective for treating PC. TMEM79 and ACOXL were expressed significantly higher in PNT2 than in DU145 cells and could be novel biomarker candidates for PC diagnosis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2022

Purpose: Macrophages play crucial roles as early responders to bacterial pathogens and promote/ or impede chronic inflammation in various tissues. Periodontal macrophage-induced pyroptosis results in physiological and pathological inflammatory responses. The transcription factor Dec2 is involved in regulating immune function and inflammatory processes. To characterize the potential unknown role of Dec2 in the innate immune system, we sought to elucidate the mechanism that may alleviate macrophage pyroptosis in periodontal inflammation. Methods: Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce pyroptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Subsequently, we established an LPS-stimulated Dec2 overexpression cellular model in macrophages. Human chronic periodontitis tissues were employed to evaluate potential changes in inflammatory marker expression and pyroptosis. Finally, the effects of Dec2 deficiency on inflammation and pyroptosis were characterized in a P. gingivalis-treated experimental periodontitis Dec2-knockout mouse model. Results: Macrophages treated with LPS revealed significantly increased messenger RNA expression levels of Dec2 and interleukin (IL)-1β. Dec2 overexpression reduced IL-1β expression in macrophages treated with LPS. Overexpression of Dec2 also repressed the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and the expression of caspase-11 was concurrently reduced in macrophages treated with LPS. Human chronic periodontitis tissues showed significantly higher gingival inflammation and pyroptosis-related protein expression than non-periodontitis tissues. In vivo, P. gingivalis-challenged mice exhibited a significant augmentation of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β. Dec2 deficiency markedly induced GSDMD expression in the periodontal ligament of P. gingivalis-challenged mice. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Dec2 deficiency exacerbated P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontal inflammation and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Collectively, our results present novel insights into the molecular functions of macrophage pyroptosis and document an unforeseen role of Dec2 in pyroptosis.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

COVID-19 struck labor markets around the world, exposing and exacerbating the gender inequalities within the human capital structure. The last, in its turn, jeopardizes the return of the national economies to the growth trajectory undermined by pandemic impact. The authors assume that COVID-19 disproportionately affected the employment rates of women and men, which led to increased gender inequality in the labor market, which, in turn, affected GDP growth rates in the EU. To prove this hypothesis two research questions are discovered: 1) whether there was a different correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases in the EU and indicators of the labor market for women and men; and 2) whether there was a link between the growth of gender inequality in the EU labor market and the GDP dynamics in these countries. The analysis of the correlation between the number of cases of COVID-19 and indicators of the labor market in the EU revealed faster growth of women's unemployment rates compared to men's ones as the COVID-19 incidence unfolded. Multiple linear regression and factor analysis have been used to investigate the influence of gender inequality in the labor market on GDP dynamics. Despite the methodological limitations, the proposed model is both a sound argument and an analytical basis in favor of gender-responsive economic recovery backed by the systematic and consistent gender equality policy of a government.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.47-67
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine factors of FDI inflows which positively influence economic development. While MNCs ultimately decide on which country to engage in FDI, it can be affected by the general investment environment of host countries. Thus, it may be closely linked to national macro socio-economic factors. In the fixed-effect panel regression analysis using 30 years of data of 13 developed countries and 15 developing countries, results indicate that labor redemption exerts the greatest influence on global FDI inflows; this implies that FDI decisions are based on locations featuring higher productivity by the reduction of labor costs. According to the level of economic development, the motive of FDI inflows differs. In developed countries, GDP, government expenditure and consumer expenditure exert the greatest influence on FDI inflows; which shows characteristics of market seeking and horizontal investment. However, in developing countries, labor redemption and human capital exert the greatest influence on FDI inflows; which shows characteristics of efficiency seeking and vertical investment.