• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2008

This paper outlines a plan to promote South Jeonnam region's logistics capability in connection with the regional logistics bases such as Gwangyang Port, Jangseong Integrated Freight Terminal, Mokpo Port and Muan International Airport. The capability of regional innovation bodies, and industrial innovation generally, needs to be improved by establishing a systematic regional innovation plan. Smaller import and export logistics bases, presently scattered in downtown Gwangju and its suburban area, need to be integrated as soon as possible, in advance of the completion of a traffic network connecting all of the triangle logistics bases. Moreover, plans to develop Muan International Airport to the status of a hub airport need to be established, and its function as an air freight terminal should be strengthened. Gwangyang Port and Mokpo Port should be developed as Korea's key harbors with international logistics bases the two ports, presently conducting simple cargo work, should be transformed into general logistics ports conducting logistics, assembling, trading, and international business by developing their surrounding areas.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2011

The feasibility study must be conducted for construction of complex for generation of electric power such as items to get permission and grid connection etc. including wind resource to construct a complex for wind power generation. Since wind power can be used by converting only around 20~40% of energy coming in that kinetic energy of wind passes through blades and driving device into electric energy, when constructing a complex, the survey of wind resource takes up the most important part. Data logger used to measure this wind energy are expressed by calculating generally electromotive that is created from a sensor, variable-type, pulse-type signal to be proper for the actual value, and most data loggers have a type without considering geographical features. Besides, in the case of Met mast that is installed to survey the wind resource, since it is installed lower than the hub height of a wind power generator due to permission matters and the economic factors, the height of wind speed by utilizing Deacon equation is compensated to revise this. In this study, a device measuring wind speed was made by using algorithm that is possible to compensate the height of wind speed according to regional features and by applying Deacon equation, and the function of data storage through SD card or RS232 communication was added as well. Besides it's possible to check data more easily with a type of graph by using LCD touch screen for the convenience of users.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2015

Port is responsible for the important role that creates a lot of value-added export and import-intensive countries, critical infrastructure, and in the national economy. Despite being an important facility for the past, awareness of the port is insufficient; In 2000s, increasing the world container traffic volumes, China's economic development, and trade volume in the Northeast Asia to generate a lot of are changing the perception of the role and importance of the port. According to the review of the master plan and the port recognition in Korean Port, this study examines determining factors which affects the port cargo volume. The target of the study is domestic small and medium-sized container port that receives a large hinterland cargo volume, excluding the impact of the Global Hub Port like Busan and Gwangyang port. Factors that affect the multiple regression analysis result of the port cargo volume are berthing capacity, degree of activation, connection number of countries, GRDP and number of manufacturers.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.34-44
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to present what the port of Pyeongtaek, the hub of Korean trade with China, should improve in the current situation, wherein the e-commerce trade volume between Korea and China is increasing due to the development of online technology. Design/methodology - In this study, through prior research and expert interviews on e-commerce and port activation between borders, we derived the main improvement factors for 1) Administration and Systems, 2) Facilities, 3) Transport, and 4) Manpower, and selected 12 detailed variables for the major improvement factors. To identify the relative importance of the major improvement factors, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied, and a survey was conducted among 15 related experts. Findings - As a result, among the 12 detailed variables, Composition of Association (0.267) was the first factor to be improved, followed by Incentive Support (0.143) and E-Commerce Cluster (0.131). Based on these analyses, the main implications of this study are, first, in the current situation where the cross-border e-commerce market is growing, Pyeongtaek Port needs to form a consultative body among the government, local governments, and related businesses in connection with cross-border e-commerce and develop various support policies for the e-commerce market. Second, it will have to be able to provide differentiated services from competing ports by establishing e-commerce market-oriented clusters. Originality/value - In existing related studies, various improvements were presented to revitalize trade in line with the growth of the cross-border e-commerce market. However, with regard to most cross-border e-commerce businesses, one-dimensional improvement measures, such as improvement of payment systems, improvement of customs clearance services, and promotion of human resources, are presented in a piecemeal manner. In other words, none of the studies have proposed the importance and priority of each measure in terms of both the forward-looking and efficient allocation of resources, which is the purpose of this study. Therefore, this study contributed politically, practically, and academically by presenting countermeasures for ports to revitalize cross-border e-commerce and presenting strategic priorities using quantitative analysis methods.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-145
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• 2008

Northeast Asia is increasingly making a transition to distinctive and crucial region in the 21st Century and growing into one of world's top three economic spheres along with the EU and NAFTA. In 2003, Korean government announced the Northeast Asian economic hub country plan as an important agenda. As a means of coping with the changing global environment, Korean government designated Incheon in 2003 as the country's first Free Economic Zone ahead of Busan and Gwangyang Bay in the south of the country because Incheon has a geographical advantage linking North America and Europe with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Seaport. The purpose of this paper is to make research on establishment and operation of an arbitral body entitled ${\ulcorner}International Arbitration Center{\lrcorner}$ (IAC) within Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ). For the purpose of this, the writer in this paper, reviewed the necessity of the IAC's establishment and its legal basis as well as the role and function of the Center. Also, the writer presented plans for how to operate the IAC and how to cooperate with the key arbitral organizations of foreign countries for the settlement promotion of commercial disputes including trade and investment. With development of the IFEZ, world-renowned enterprises will invest in the Incheon economic bloc and conduct economic activities, business operation, marketing, logistics, financing, etc. In this connection, diverse types of commercial disputes are expected to occur between foreign companies entering the IFEZ and Korean firms. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) has been operating its liaison office in the IFEZ since 2004. However, in view of the increasing arbitration demand, the IAC should be set up in the IFEZ in the near future by the positive support of the government in the respect of both administration and finance because the free economic zone-related law provides for the installation of arbitration organization. For the success of the IAC, the Center will have to provide not only good quality of arbitral services that can satisfy arbitration parties but also need to conduct researches and make efforts so that arbitration can be utilized well in the IFEZ. If the IFEZ can provide advantageous business environments to those multinational enterprises intending to the Incheon economic bloc, the IAC will also contribute to the settlement of commercial disputes arising from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea in view of the geographical advantage and logistic benefit of the IFEZ. Finally, this paper also suggests a new model for a joint dispute resolution system by the initiative of Korean government and Korean arbitral organizations for the settlement of commercial disputes within Northeast Asia, for which the CAMCA(Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas) of NAFTA can be a good example.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.143-209
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• 2005

In 1994, the North Korea indicated their intention to open up airspace. The air route passing through from Daegue FIR to Pyungyang FIR has established in 1996. The air transport cooperation between South and North Korea seemed to be reinforced at the event of President Kim, Dae-Jung's visit to North Korea by passing through a temporarily established Yellow Sea Airway in the year of 2000. The nature characteristics of air transport burdening of many circumstantial situations, however, have kept cooperation between South and North Korea from being facilitated till now. Recently as the more exchange between North and South Korea, the more frequent opportunities to discuss economic cooperation, which in sequence increased political credibility has been increased. The rail, road, and port reconnecting has realized which have been regarded impossible. Furthermore, it is expected to transport personnel and goods through South-North direct connected routes in the near future This study shows several meanings of air transport cooperation between South and North Korea. It will be far beyond simply partial air route connecting in this region, it gives great significance to realize economic cooperation and Northeast hub through air transport industry sector. This will be an exit for air transport industry have suffered limits derived from North Korea troubles and difficulties in growing as Northeast air hub. Namely, South-North air connection denote its meaning in providing opportunities Korea to be Northeast Hub and advanced country having globally competitive air transport industry To develop strategy for air transport cooperation between South and North Korea. they were developed by SWOT analysis on the basis of circumstantial analysis. These strategy need to be commanded properly to the changes of surrounded circumstances. The study result show it is desirable to apply phasal strategies by using strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities factors underlying analysis of inner and outer circumstances to cooperate in air transport sector.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.540-556
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a process of formation of an ethnic community in the global era, taking an example of foreign workers in Igok-Dong, Dalseo-gu, Taegu. Previous studies suggest that playing a role as a hub of culture, resources and ethnic networks an ethnic community becomes an imagined space where its members can feel "us". Through this imagined space, ethnic people communicate and exchange information with each other and establish transnational linkages between their origin and destination countries or the third countries. In my research in Igok-Dong it was observed that ethnic shops had become the centers of the community of foreign workers and helped them connect with their own ethnic people from wider areas than their residence. Partly because of such networks exclusively focused on their own ethnics, there was little connection developed between foreign workers and locals. A social distance between the two parties may turn into antagonism as the ethnic community grows in number. Since it is foreseen that demands for foreign workers will continue to rise in Igok-Dong it is necessary to seek ways to achieve a more inclusive and harmonious multi-ethnic society for both foreign workers and locals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

China is expected to experience rapid increase in container traffic due to the joining to WTO and the fast economic growth. However, logistics-related infrastructure such as sea port is very poor and the capacity is lagging far behind the demand, resulting in transferring around 70% of import and export cargo volume at ports in adjoining countries such as Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan. Recently, China announced a huge project of developing an offshore port consisting of 52 berths, 30km away from Shanghai with a connecting bridge. As such plan seems to have a significant impact on the port of Pusan which tries to be a Hub port in Far East Asia, we need to scrutinize the plan. This paper, therefore, tries to examine Shanghai New Port Plan, to evaluate the feasibility and potential competitiveness, and to analyze the impact on Pusan port. For this, we review the situation of major container ports in China and the flow pattern of container traffic to and from Pusan port. We then examine the feasibility of the proposed offshore port with respect to demand and supply for container terminal, weather condition, hinterland connection and resource of investment.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.222-231
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study how to activate the use of public transportation by identifying the main factors that reduce the use of public transportation due to external influences such as COVID-19 infectious diseases. Method: This study analyzed the connection between the traffic behavior and the characteristics of public transportation use in the metropolitan area changed by COVID-19 with COVID-19 indicators, and analyzed social and environmental factors affecting traffic. Results: It was analyzed that the traffic behavior in the metropolitan area moves from commercial areas to tourist resort areas, the number of COVID-19 deaths affects the use of public transportation, and the lower the deviation between population density, agricultural and forestry areas, and gender ratios due to social and environmental factors, the more significant differences are shown. Conclusion: In the future, it will be able to be activated as a basic analysis model for revitalizing the city's transportation system, regional bases, and various social and economic indicators, such as quarantine of public transportation and social distancing, and can be used as basic data for establishing public transport policy directions according to major influencing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the significance of historic changes and cultural characteristics of landscape architecture in Korean Seowon. Seowon refers to educational private institutes that also served as Confucian shrines and were prevalent during the mid-to-late Joseon dynasty. Seowon comprised three distinct functional spaces: a shrine, a school, and a garden. The concept of Seowon's garden extended beyond designed landscapes to include the surrounding natural environment. The importance of landscape architecture in Seowon is rooted in its connection to the educational philosophy of these institutes. During the Joseon dynasty, scholars revered nature as a manifestation of Confucian ideals, and they believed that close engagement with nature was integral to self-discipline and learning. This research investigated fifteen relatively well-preserved garden in South Korea and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their gardens. The analysis revealed two key findings. Firstly, gardens in Seowon were actively designed and constructed during the early phase of Seowon culture but gradually diminished after the 17th century. This can be attributed to the shift in Seowon's purpose, with a greater emphasis on its religious function over education. Consequently, the significance and presence of landscape architecture in Seowon, which was closely related with its Confucianist education, declined. Secondly, the study explored the historical backgrounds of each Seowon's landscape architecture and found that many of them were designed or influenced by individuals who were later memorialized and deified in the Seowon's shrines. The landscape architecture created by these predecessors was carefully preserved by the faculties and students as a form of respect. Therefore, landscape architecture in Korean Seowon not only conveys the institutional purpose as an educational hub for the local society but also reflects the institute's strong relationship with the figures they worship as shrines.