• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

The study was conducted to analyze whether the recent trends in preference toward small and medium-sized housing in Korea represent changes in space norms. To accomplish this, the existing data from Statistics Korea and two different empirical data sets collected in 2007 and 2012 from Ulsan, Korea, were statistically analyzed through descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis with a chi-squared test and multiple regression analysis. In the analyses, the space norms of households were compared and any changes in the space norms and the related factors were determined. The space norms were mainly investigated in terms of the housing size and the number of rooms. The results are as follows: 1) since 2010, there have been changes in the housing stock distribution in terms of size. Stocks of small housing increased, while those of medium and large housing decreased. Nevertheless, the overall conditions of spatial density have improved considerably in the recent 30 years. 2) It was found that there were statistically significant differences between 2007 and 2012 in space norms. The norms for housing sized less than 99 m2 and with one or two rooms were found to have increased, while that for housing sized more than 132 m2 decreased. 3) Household size, education of the head, monthly household income, housing type and the number of bedrooms in the current dwelling were the significant explanatory variables of space norms.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of housing characteristics and the degree of attainment of housing norms. The major findings are as follows: 1) There are significant differences in changes of housing characteristics. A size of house and the number of room have been improved according to hosing experience and housing expects. Type of tenure has been improved according to housing experience and housing expects. Type of tenure has been improved gradually according to moving. The family with higher socio-economic status prefers apartments. Although about a half of household hopes to live in a high-rising apartments. more than 40 persentage of the household still hopes to live in single detached houses. As a result apartment are though not to satisfy their housing well-being 2) As socio-economic status is higher and family life cycle is longer the degree of their attainment of housing norms appear higher. The household attaining higher housing norms has the higher housing satisfaction but needs to move is lower The family attains housing norms as the following orders: type of tenure\longrightarrowtype of house\longrightarrowthe nmber of rooms\longrightarrowa size of house.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

This study was intended to examine the effects of socioeconomic status on housing values, norms, and behaviors of young households. The purpose was accomplished using the Life Style Survey of 2001 in Ulsan, and the data from 370 households were analyzed. The importance of household income and current housing size which are used as a proxy for socioeconomic status in explaining housing values, norms, and behaviors were once again confirmed in this study, even if there were some other significant variables. This implies that housing values, norms, and behaviors tend to change according to the socioeconomic characteristics of the households under the conditions of controlling demographic ones.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 1995

This study discusses the traditional main life culture of Korea and the relations with the traditional manners of Korean culture. According to studies of literature and an analysis, it shows the traditional courtesy can be linked to the housing structure of the Cho-sun dynasty which can be termed as a representation of traditional Korean society. Housing culture of Cho-sun dynasty led to a most characteristic living culture. To be specific sit-down culture use norms, hierarchy and fittings can be sited. The sit-down culture in turn led to the main courtesies of greeting, table manners, etiquette for entrance and exit, the carefulness shown to elders, the self-restraint of speech and action and the manners between men and women, But in today's world there are realistic difficulties that make the application of these norms in everyday life difficult. But at the same time we must realize that there are traditional norms which overcome time and which affect today's norms.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to analyze the appropriateness of space in multi-family housing by examining the current conditions of space, space norms and deficits, satisfaction with and needs for the spaces of individual rooms. The data came from the survey with 412 households living in Haeundae New Town, Busan and were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The appropriateness of space were mainly investigated in terms of housing size, number of bedrooms, and number of bathrooms. In terms of current space conditions, the highest portion of the households live in apartments with $20\sim30s$ pyong, 3 bedrooms, and 2 bathrooms. It was found that the space norms included housing with $30\sim40s$ pyong, 3 bedrooms, and 2 bathrooms. Households in current study tended to have some space deficits, especially in housing size and number or bathrooms. In general, the satisfaction with the current space of individual rooms were generally low except living room and master bedroom. It was also found that the households were more likely to make the second biggest bedroom bigger than now. The stages of family life cycle has significant effects on needs for the spaces of several rooms, such as dining room, room2, and room3.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the satisfaction with sharing a bedroom among grandparent(s) and grandchildren, and the differences in the housing norms and satisfactions among the three generations of the extended families in Cheong-Ju city. Each three generations of the 50 extended families was interviewed with the questionnaire designed for each generation. The respondent family had at lest one child aged from 10 to 14 years old. The results showed that 40.0% of the elderly parents and 76.0% of the grandchildren shared a bedroom with someone beside a spouse, while about 90.0% of married couples had their own bedrooms. However, sharing a bedroom did not reduce the housing satisfaction of the grandparent(s) and the grandchild. The living arrangement of coresidence was mostly preferred by the grandparents, followed by the parents. The younger generations reported the more alternatives in living arrangement for the elderly. The number of bedrooms was the most important factor to be considered with coresidence of three generations but the most inadequate characteristics of the current housing to coreside. There were some differences in elderly housing norms and coresidence housing satisfactions among the three generations. The grandparents were most satisfied with coresidence living arragement, followed by the grandchildren and the daughters-in-law.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to examine bedroom-need norms and the relationship between normative deficits for bedroom sharing and housing space satisfaction of adolescent. Three cases were mainly considered to apply for adolescents to share a bedroom: maximum age and number limits of a child sharing a parents'bedroom, maximum age of an old child sharing a bedroom with its siblings of the opposite sex, and maximum age of an old child sharing a bedroom with its siblings of the same sex. The data were collected 400 eighth grade students in the three different size of regions, June-July, 1999 and 379 cases were finally analyzed. The result showed that the normative deficits for bedroom sharing was a statistically signiticant factor to explain housing space satisfaction of adolescents even though the condition of bedroom sharing was the most influencial variable. This reset supports the family housing adjustment behavior model of Morris and Winter.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1991

This Paper examines the meaning of Privacy within the content of cultural background of the traditional Korean society, identifying some of the relationships between desired levels of privacy and the situational centingencies of self - other concept along with the relationships between the privacy control mechanism and the cultural norms, This paper discusses several important dimensions, including1) the traditional values, 2) the norms of family life, 3) the children education in the household environment, 4) the `self - other` concept, and5) the privacy control mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between subjective happiness and social capital. The data for the analysis were collected via the questionnaire survey method, from October 29 to November 10, 2013. The sample consisted of 338 residents, living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do province. Social capital is composed of the social network, social trust and social norms. The social network is composed of the satisfaction of one's social relations, and the degree of social interaction. Social trust is composed of the trust in ones's neighbors and the local community. Social norms are composed of reciprocity, participation and a sense of belonging and solidarity. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) The average for subjective happiness was 3.82 points, over neutral. In particular, the subjective happiness of people over 50 years old was highest. 2) The social network, social trust, and social norms were related to the subjective happiness.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 1991

This study is to investigate urban housing conditions in Seoul since 1945. The purposes of this study is to analyze the changes of housing conditions and the gap of average housing conditions and the housing norms longitudinally.For those purposes, the indicators that present the housing conditions are introduced, and the changes of average housing conditions are analyzed by social class, using Population and Housing Census and relateddata. Korean urban housing conditions has been better since 1970s in the aspect of quality. It is, however, relatively much worse than that of developed countries. The gap of housing conditions among social classes is large, especially in qualitative indicators, density and housing facilities. Comparing it with housing norm(as an ideal measurement), it is much worse.