• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 1993

The political and technological countermeasures to cope with the UR problems are under studying at present or some of them are already applied to increas farm household income. It is evident that the leisture farm development is considered the best alternative among the countermeasures. On account of mitigating labour shortage, a most difficult problem encountered by agriculture, and of promoting consumption of farm products, the leisure farm development could increase farm household incomes accoringly. This study is ultimately aimed at identifing the countermeasures to increase farm household incomes by suggestion of the improvement of leisure farm management thorough survey of the present leisure farm management status. The leisure farm. management survey was carried out based on the seven leisure farms such as Songnam, Cheongrock, Yusung, Duryong, Hwachun, Maesan and Sinhuck which are saperately located in Chungnam Province.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 1998

This study attempted to investigate the factors affecting financial status of the rural middle-aged and old-aged household. The results shelved that the significant variables which influenced on the probability of financial security measured by consumption to income ratio were sex and education level of the household head, family size, total income, total expenditure and total assets. The most influential variables on the probability of financial security measured by liquidity ratio was liquid assets, and total assets. Education level of the household head. liquid assets, total assets, and total debt had significant effects on the probability of financial security estimated by debt burden ratio. Among the economic variables, only liquid asset had significant negative effects on the probability of financial security assessed by the capital stock ratio.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 1999

This study attempts to explore the effects of personal, household, and environmental factors on household financial management in financial dimensions. Financial management behaviors are constructed with 5 dimensions : income, expenditure, debt, investment and risk management. The specific objectives of this study are : 1) to examine the level of the financial management behavior to the sub-dimensions. 2) to investigate the factors which influence on the level of financial management behavior to the dimensions. The sample consisted of 792 married women living in Seoul. The statistical methods used for analysis included Reliability, Frequencies, Percent, Mean, Standard Deviation, Multiple Regression Analysis. The major results can be summarized as following 1) Among the sub-dimensions, the score of risk management is the most high, 39.00. 2) There are statistically significant differences in the levels and factors which influence on the financial management behavior to the 5 dimensions.(Korean J of Human Ecology 2(l) : 12-24, 1999)

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.553-568
• /
• 2022

The Household Income and Expenditure Survey is a representative survey of Statistics Korea, which aims to measure and analyze national income and consumption levels and their changes by understanding the current state of household balances. Recently, the disconnection problem in these time series caused by the large-scale reorganization of the survey methods in 2017 and 2019 has become an issue. In this study, we model the characteristics of the time series in the Household Income and Expenditure Survey up to 2016, and use the modeling to compute forecasts for linking the expenditures in 2017 and 2018. In order to evenly reflect the characteristics across all expenditure item series and to reduce the impact of a specific forecast model, we synthesize a total of 8 models such as regression models, time series models, and machine learning techniques. In particular, the noteworthy aspect of this study is that it improves the forecast by using the optimal combination technique that can exactly reflect the hierarchical structure of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey without loss of information as in the top-down or bottom-up methods. As a result of applying the proposed method to forecast expenditure series from 2017 to 2019, it contributed to the recovery of time series linkage and improved the forecast. In addition, it was confirmed that the hierarchical time series forecasts by the optimal combination method make linkage results closer to the actual survey series.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this research is to compare housing wealth effects of home-owning single income couples (SIC) and dual income couples (DIC) on their non-durable consumption and to assess the effects by location, age groups, housing structure type, debt-to-asset ratio and employment status. Using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) of 2014, this empirical study identified 1,198 SIC households and 1,044 DIC households, and employed multiple regression analysis. The main results reveal that the difference of financial portfolios between SIC and DIC households was little but housing wealth effects were stronger among SIC households than DIC counterpart. It's evident that housing wealth effects were conspicuous for SIC and DIC households who were headed by wage earners aged over 40s, and resided in apartment outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area. However, household debt became a determinant in contradicting housing wealth effects of SIC and DIC households. While the household financial dimension was in proportion to income, DIC households didn't gain much financial security due to increasing expenditure. Further, this research imply that liquidity constraints explicitly posed a more serious threat to SIC households whose dependence on housing asset is larger than their counterpart.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2016

This research is concerned with comparing fluctuation in the Korean and the US economies in order to ascertain the degree to which the former is influenced by changes in the latter. The aim of this research is to explore business cycles, to examine consumer expenditure in Korea and the US, and to discover the relationships between business fluctuation indexes and overall expenditure. Statistical data from the national statistics of Korea and the US during period from 1990 to 2015 were used. The instrument included a measure of GDP, unemployment rates, GDP deflator rate (inflation rates), and household income and expenditure. For the average annual household expenditures, food, apparel and transportation expenditure data were compared across the two countries. Data were collected separately from different (though comparable) sources and were analyzed using relatively straight forward statistical techniques. It was found that Korean and the US consumers' income and expenditure were greatly affected by economic fluctuations. Total expenditure and the expenditures for food and transportation were much influenced by business fluctuation in the US, whereas, the expenditures for apparel were much influenced by business fluctuation in Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2020

The study seeks to evaluate the impacts of three types of credit - formal, semi-formal, and informal credits - on the well-being of households in Vietnam's rural areas. Based on data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys in 2014 and 2016, the research uses the instrumental variable fixed-effect models to estimate the effects of three kinds of credit on household's per capita income and expenditure. There are some significant findings. First, in rural areas, formal credit is the most popular source with stable and cheap borrowing costs. Informal credit is a complement to formal credit to meet urgent needs. Funding agriculture activities is the most commonly cited purpose of borrowing, followed by purchasing assets. The highest misuse rate belongs to the group of loans for agriculture production. Second, the results show that credit helps smoothen consumption rather than generate income for rural households. Three types of credit have insignificant or negative effects on household's per capita income. Formal loans significantly improve total expenditure and spending on healthcare and education. Informal and semi-formal credits show a little influence on consumption. Informal loans have a significantly positive effect on healthcare expenditure. In contrast, having semi-formal loans tends to decrease spending on foods.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2008

Children's food behaviors have been expressed in a various ways because of recent changes in their family environment. Thus, this study was performed to investigate in-depth qualitative research on the mother's perception on children's food behaviors by focused group interview. This study was designed in four steps of planning, collection of participants, process, and analysis. Participants for the focus group interview were recruited and sampled from households with elementary school students in the Seoul and Gyeonggido areas. Groups were divided by total income and education expense levels. 1) High income household: It is better to improve currently existing web sites for nutrition education. 2) Mid income household: Easy, practical, and inexpensive off-line cooking class/nutrition education classes for mothers are needed. Nutrition programs for children should be developed through mass media and be promoted in the broadcasting circle. 3) Low income household: Motivation is required for mothers' educatior and the serious nutritional problems of children should be informed through mass media and home correspondence from school. And interesting educational materials should be developed for children to read whenever they want.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the poverty and distributional effects of the implementation of Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law. The Computable General Equilibrium-Top Down Behavioral Microsimulation was used to obtain the effects of the tax reform on macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. Moreover, the Poverty Gap Index, Squared Poverty Gap Index, Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke Measures of Poverty, and Sen-Shorrocks-Thon Index were used to measure the poverty effect of the tax reform. Meanwhile, the Gini Coefficient and SST Gini Coefficient Index were used to measure the distributional effect of the tax reform. The results show that the implementation of the tax reform has resulted in a significant increase in household income and disposable income. Region IV has the highest estimated increase in household income. Meanwhile, Region IV remained to have the lowest household income. Further, the findings of this study suggest that the tax reform resulted in a significant decrease in the magnitude of poor and the number of poor in the Philippines. However, the result of the study also suggests that the effect of tax reform manifests no differences in terms of the poverty gap measured through the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke poverty index due.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 1991

Migration studies that assume that decision making is done on an individual basis is overlooking the importance of the family factor. Considering that must people belong to families, it is more appropriate to view migration decision from the perspective of the family. This study analyzes the household migration decision whereby the alternatives are to stay, 10 undertake family migration or to undertake single migration of a member. In developing a conceptual model of household migration decision, it is assumed that the household's objective is to maximize household income which is a function of individual members' earnings. The benefits and costs of household migration and individual migration are identified and the household chooses the migration strategy that maximizes expected household income. When household members have conflicting earning prospects in the potential destination, the household considers single migration of the member with the best earning potentials. However, lone migration by a household member involves cost of family separation which is both monetary and psychic, and this study shows that lone migration is undertaken only when its net gains to the family are greater than the separation cost of the family. The major benefit of choosing single migration is the retention of home base in the place of origin which can serve as an insurance against the uncertainty of obtaining a job in the destination, the benefit that is unavailable in family migration. The conceptual analysis shows how a household's migration decision would depend on its members' economic roles and prospects in the destination. Besides the economic variables, social and life cycle variables of the family translate into separation costs and benefits of migration. This study indicates that one - earner family in low economic status but with good earning prospects and high separation costs is more likely to choose family migration over single migration.