• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.178-186
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: This study analyzed the screening data of 12,686 adults aged ≥19 years, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and each component of metabolic syndrome, obtained from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Periodontal health status was measured by the community periodontal index. Subjects with three or more risk factors were considered as having metabolic syndrome. The Rao-Scott chi-square test was performed to assess the relationships between demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, components of metabolic syndrome, and periodontal disease. Logistic regression analysis was performed based on the complex sample to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher among the subjects with advancing age, lower average household income and education level, those working in production, residents of eup-myeon areas, in past or current smoker, those with excessive alcohol consumption habit in a week, and reduced brushing frequency and the use of oral care products (p<0.001). Each component of metabolic syndrome was associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis in the subjects with abnormal than in those with normal levels (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontal disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome was approximately 1.443 times higher than that in normal subjects (odds ratio,1.443; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Korean adults, and further studies will be needed to determine the causal relationship between the two conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.687-692
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• 2012

Colorectal cancer screening in adults aged 40 and over our country and understand the relationship between health behaviors and those affecting the implementation of a colorectal cancer screening was conducted to determine the parameters. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey tool 4th secondary data were used. The main variable levels of public health, health-related awareness and behavior, food and nutritional status were surveyed about 12,528. Colorectal Cancer Screening adults aged 40 and over who target male and female study subjects were 4703. Compliance findings that are relevant to colorectal cancer screening variables include gender, age, residence, or taking supplements, Health Screening, whether history, such as cancer, respectively. Marital status, education level, household monthly gross income, private insurance, whether regular exercise was not associated with the. In order to increase colorectal cancer screening among the expanding free cancer screening and cancer screening performed a systematic test of the simple and effective education and publicity will be carried out.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1445-1456
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• 2010

This study presented seasonal changes of the phytoplankton community in Junam reservoir by pollution and water quality of the lake. The water storage of the reservoir is 5.3 million ton, most of which are being utilized for agricultural, industrial and residential purposes. The annual precipitation during the investigation period was 1,868.9 mm, increasing by 20% from the average annual level of 1,506.7 mm in 2009. The annual average water storage was 57.3%. It decreased during agricultural season and then increased again after monsoon rainfall. The loads of BOD were $3,799kgday^{-1}$, and 81% of them came from livestock and household. The TN and TP loads were $1,164kgday^{-1}$ and $170kgday^{-1}$, respectively, and 76% of them came from livestock. We assessed water quality of the Junam reservoir using 17 variables. According to the result, the reservoir met the fourth grade, meaning slightly bad, because of high concentration of COD, SS and chlorophyll-a. Eutrophication assessment was conducted by revised Carlson's Index (TSIm, Aizaki), and it was found that the entire lake was eutrophicated with high chlorophyll-a concentration all through the year, except during February to April and in July. A total of 76 phytoplankton species were identified from the samples. Among them, the largest number of species were Chlorophyceae with 33 species(43.4%), followed by Bacilliophyceae with 27 species(35.5%), Cyanophyceae with 8 species(10.5%), and Cryptophyceae with species(10.5%). The total cell number of phytoplankton was the highest in October(7,884 cells $mL^{-1}$) among Cyanophyceae and Bacilliophyceae. The seasonal succession of Chlorophyceae (Chlamydomonas spp.), Cyanophyceae(Microcystis aeruginosa) and Cryptophyceae(Rhodomonas spp.) was observed during January to May, July to September and October to December respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

With regard to recently emerged problems of smartphone addiction among adults and adolescents, this paper researched upper-grade elementary students depending on various demographic factors that have not been studied thoroughly so far. The survey was conducted on 1570 students in grades 4~6 of schools in Gyeonggi province. Results showed that, first, the average rate of smartphone ownership was about 66%. Second, about 1% of the students belonged to high-risk group, 5.7% to at-risk group, and normal user group was 93.3%. Third, based on the demographic factors, grade and academic achievements each was significantly correlated to the type of addiction group. For example, students with poor academic performance or in higher grade were more likely to be highly addictive. Fourth, both groups of at-risk and of normal-user pertaining to these factors - in urban areas, male students, sixth-grade, in dual income families - showed higher addictiveness score. But they were contrasted in the aspects of household economy and academic performance: at-risk group was more addictive in affluent families or excellent academic performance, whereas normal-user group had higher level of addictiveness in case of poor families or lower academic performance.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.129-142
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• 2008

This study examines how economic and psychological characteristics affect the quality of life (QoL) of elderly individuals age 60 and older, who live in the Seoul-metropolitan area. Relationships among socio-demographic status, economic conditions, psychological characteristics, family life, health status, and QoL are examined by t-test and ANOVA(Duncan's test as post hoc multiple comparisons), and the multiple regression analysis is used to estimate QoL determinants in the elderly. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, younger age, higher education levels, better health status, harmonious family relations, higher levels of household income, lower levels of loneliness, and higher self-esteems are related to higher QoL levels. Second, the impacts of factors on QoL are differentiated according to tercile groups that divide monthly allowance of respondents into three categories: below normal (threshold amount below 21MW), near normal (threshold amount between 21MW and 35MW), and above normal (threshold amount above 35MW). For each tercile group, poor health status or higher loneliness have negative effects on QoL, while harmonious family relationship has a positive effect. For the below-normal group, years of education or self-esteem have positive effects, while age or retirement status have negative effects when controlling for other factors. For the near-normal group, being married, or perceived financial insecurity create lower QoL levels, while higher self-esteem increases QoL levels. For the above-normal group, being widowed, employed, or retired have positive effects on QoL, when controlling for other variables. Third, even among elderly with high allowances, the effects of health status and family relationship are significant determinants that explain QoL levels. This result suggests that, for te elderly, poor health status and poor family relationships severely decrease QoL in later life, regardless of economic condition.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2004

This research demonstrates clothing consumption values, fashion preferences of career women from the early 1920s to late 1930s. And having thorough understanding of values and preferences, allows us to establish marketing strategies for clothing companies. The main purpose of this study is (1) to formalize consumer group based upon the clothing consumption values, (2) to find for characteristics of consumer depending on classification of consumption value in clothing, (3) to understand the preferences of career women about fashion trends. Analyzing data was performed 292 copies, resulting factor analysis, Cluster analysis, X-test, Anova, Tukey test, t-test, frequency analysis, and reliability analysis. This paper showed 7 distinctive characteristics of career women about clothing consumption value. These characteristics can be listed as 1) value of brand image, 2) value of self-expression, 3) functional values, 4) epistemic values, 5) coordination values, 6) social values 7) psychological values. Importantly, brand image value became most significant aspects among 7 factors. Analyzing consumers based upon stated 7 factors, it was found that they are segregated into 4 groups; Self-expressive Group, Psychological Stability Group, Functional Group, Social Group. Secondly, for fashion trend preferences, self-expressive group, psychological stability group, and functional group favored Romantic Feminine Style respectively. Social Group showed preference in Nu-Basic'. The reason for such trend dealt with fabric materials and colors. Finally examining population statistics, younger generations showed more preferences in Nu-Basic', and consumers from ages of 26 to 28, 32 to 34 showed preferences in Romantic Feminine' regardless of their household income, clothing related expenditures, jobs, and education level. On the other hand, 'Modem Classic' was popular among college graduates and 'Paradise' was somewhat less popular among all ages except from ages of 32 to 34, consumers consumption 300,000Won to 400,000Won on clothing related expenditures. And 'Energy' seemed to attract more highly educated females, who had more than masters in degrees with over 300,000 to 400,000Won for clothing related expenditures.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.499-514
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• 2016

This study was to determine general trends with respect to work-family balance perception and psychological wellbeing, examine correlations between related variables, investigate differences in related variables, and understand the effect of work-family balance perception on psychological well-being in married employees. The subjects were 300 married employees living in G city. The subjects completed a questionnaire and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0. The major findings were as follows. First, the average scores of men and women's self-esteem were higher than the median. Men had a more traditional gender role attitude and higher work-family balance perception level than women. The scores of men and women's depression were lower and life satisfaction were higher than the median. Second, the scores of men and women's work-family balance perception were different according to working hours. Men's psychological well-being were different according to the scale of work place and women's psychological well-being were different according to household working time. Third, depression in married employees were negatively related to life satisfaction. Their psychological well-being were significantly related to work-family balance perception. Fourth, men's depression were influenced by self-esteem, social care service, family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict. Depression in women were influenced by health state, self-esteem, gender role attitude, family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict. Men's life satisfaction were influenced by health state, economic state, and self-esteem. Women's life satisfaction were influenced by health state, economic state, weekly working hours, self-esteem, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.275-296
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• 2010

This study analyzed the state of battered women who drink at a dangerously high level and the factors that influence their hazardous drinking in order to promote their safety and their healthy adjustments. The researchers utilized the data from "Analysis of the Effectiveness of Intimate Partner Violence Offenders Correction and Treatment Program" funded by Ministry of Gender Equality, and thereby, sampled 124 battered women for interview over phone. The results of applying the WHO's standard for hazardous drinking based on frequency and quantity calculations showed that 15.7% of survey participants were classified as hazardous drinkers, either currently experiencing or having the risk of experiencing problems related to drinking. The result of carrying out a logistic regression analysis to identify the factors that influence hazardous drinking showed that household income and self-blame were factors that exerted statistically significant influence. Based on these results, clinical and practical intervention plans for helping battered women who drink hazardously were discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.232-240
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and characteristics related to malnutrition in children less than five years of age in Nghean, Vietnam. Methods: In this study, which was conducted in November 2007, 650 child-mother pairs were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling methodology. A structured questionnaire was then administered to the mothers in their home settings. Anthropometric measurement was then used to determine if children were underweight (weight-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height) and stunting (height-for-age) based on reference data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/World Health Organization (WHO). Logistic regression analysis was then used to describe the hierarchical relationships between potential risk factors and malnutrition. Results: The mean Z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height were -1.46 (95% CI=-1.57, -1.35), -1.44 (95% CI=-1.56, -1.32) and -0.71 (95% CI=-0.82, -0.60), respectively. Of the children included in this study, 193 (31.8%) were underweight, 269 (44.3%) were stunting and 72 (11.9%) were wasting. Region of residence, the mother's level of education and occupation, household size, number of children in the family, weight at birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding were found to be significantly related to malnutrition. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that malnutrition is still an important problem among children less than five years of age in Nghean, Vietnam. In addition, maternal, socio-economic and environment factors were found to be significant factors for malnutrition among children under five.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Purpose : This study is aimed at offering basic data for fostering the flexible attitude of physical therapy students towards seniors with dementia and the clinical ability to deal with such patients without fear after employment. Method : We investigated 181 physical therapists and 225 university students by using questionnaires from August 12 to September 19 2013. The questionnaire that used in this study was consisted by question about general characteristics, knowledge of dementia, attitude of dementia. The following result was obtained by using SPSS 19.0. Result : Attitude scores for dementia, Physical therapist was 41.66. Physical Therapy student was 40.34. Non-student Department of Health was 39.22. Non-Department of Health student was affected by acquisition of dementia information and living with the elderly. Physical Therapy student had significant influence depending on the household monthly income. Non-Department of Health student had significant influence depending on student age. Physical therapist had significant influence in accordance with dementia information. Conclusion : The study has revealed that the following factors of the therapists influence their attitudes towards dementia: their age; educational level; whether or not they have a family member with dementia; whether or not they have obtained information on dementia. Based on the finding, it is necessary to foster the flexible attitude of students towards seniors with dementia and provide education on effective clinical approaches upon physical therapy.