• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2022

The goal of this research is to examine how credit (loan) can help rural households in Tra Vinh province create jobs in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam over the last two years. The authors performed a direct survey, using a questionnaire, with 300 customers who had loan records at the Tra Vinh VBSP branch under the loan programs. From January to April 2021, jobs will be available at 07 transaction offices in districts and cities (Cau Ngang; Duyen Hai, Tieu Can, Cang Long, Tra Vinh City, Chau Thanh, Tra Cu). Using the multivariate regression method, the research has found 12 factors affecting the ability to access the employment loan program: Age, Educational Level, Occupation of households, Income, Household land area, Asset, Loan, Interest rates, Loan procedures, Loan purpose, Credit relations. From the above research results, the authors have proposed solutions to improve the ability to access credit to create jobs for each subject group at Viet Nam Bank for Social Policies, Tra Vinh Province in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.393-402
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• 2014

ICT environment to the survey released by the Bureau of Statistics 2012 Household Finance. Korean Welfare survey 24.9% of all households in financial assets, real estate is about three times more than 69.9%, respectively. The problem is that the information is slow and income deciles(deciles 1-4), a relatively high proportion of households with low(78.8 to 69%) of the real estate assets of the expansion of the world economy with low growth and low uncertainty, work from home due to the information changes in the structure of the economy, such as increases in real estate prices remain exposed to the risk of a phenomenon such as Pour House Pour Talent and low-income people is bound to be more serious symptoms. This low correlation is by constructing a composite asset portfolio, the weighted average risk of the individual assets while increasing overall revenue decrease that risk is based on the principle of portfolio by type and different areas in the ICT environment in a portfolio of real estate price index low correlation to financial assets by including the effect of dispersion stable complex asset portfolio and empirical Growth was divided.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8541-8551
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• 2016

Background: The coverage of breast and cervical cancer screening has only slightly increased in the past decade in Thailand, and these cancers remain leading causes of death among women. This study identified socioeconomic and contextual factors contributing to the variation in screening uptake and coverage. Materials and Methods: Secondary data from two nationally representative household surveys, the Health and Welfare Survey (HWS) 2007 and the Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) 2009 conducted by the National Statistical Office were used. The study samples comprised 26,951 women aged 30-59 in the 2009 RHS, and 14,619 women aged 35 years and older in the 2007 HWS were analyzed. Households of women were grouped into wealth quintiles, by asset index derived from Principal components analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Screening rates for cervical and breast cancers increased between 2007 and 2009. Education and health insurance coverage including wealth were factors contributing to screening uptake. Lower or non-educated and poor women had lower uptake of screenings, as were young, unmarried, and non-Buddhist women. Coverage of the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme increased the propensity of having both screenings, while the universal coverage scheme increased the probability of cervical screening among the poor. Lack of awareness and knowledge contributed to non-use of both screenings. Women were put off from screening, especially Muslim women on cervical screening, because of embarrassment, fear of pain and other reasons. Conclusions: Although cervical screening is covered by the benefit package of three main public health insurance schemes, free of charge to all eligible women, the low coverage of cervical screening should be addressed by increasing awareness and strengthening the supply side. As mammography was not cost effective and not covered by any scheme, awareness and practice of breast self examination and effective clinical breast examination are recommended. Removal of cultural barriers is essential.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.199-219
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of money transfer between generations on preparation behaviors for retirement, separated into assets and saving for retirement. The survey was conducted by targeting 422 married people across the nation. The factor of money transfer between generations was defined as the inheritance and gift variable. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regressions were utilized. The results indicated that preparation behaviors for retirement are affected by the economic independence of parents, inheritance, expenses for children's education, and marriage. Retirement assets were significantly affected by inheritance, the economic independence of parents, educational expenses for children, financial assets, and amount of debt, while the significant factors related to retirement savings were interests on retirement, income, wedding expenses for children, economic independence of parents, and educational expenses for children. It was concluded that the financial preparation for retirement ought to be expanded from one household's finances to finances between generations.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-171
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine low-income households' financial problems and the demand for financial counseling. For these purposes, a survey of 500 low-income households was conducted by an on-line survey company. The results were as follows. First, four types of low-income households classified by income and job criteria were: the not-working poorest (16.2%), the working poor (27.0%), the not-working low-income (13.8%), and the working low-income (43.4%). Also, seven areas of financial problems were found through factor analysis. They included difficulty of survival, insufficient funds for special expenditures, defaults on financial obligation, decrease of income, increase of debts, emotional anguish, and difficulty in meeting living expenditures. 61.6% of respondents requested financial counseling, and 44.5% of them preferred internet counseling to counseling by phone or in-person, while 49.5% desired access to public counseling organizations. The five types of financial counseling content for low-income households that were found through factor analysis were financial planning, credit management, asset management/investment, public support, and use of credit cards. The low-income householders demanded financial planning counseling and pubic support counseling more than the other types of financial counseling. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the demand for financial counseling participation was significantly influenced by age and income. The demand for financial counseling content was age, income, and types of financial problems. Therefore, general financial counseling programs for low-income households should be expanded. Furthermore, those counseling programs can be useful if they not only include credit management but also financial planning, economic support information and savings.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.213-247
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic structures of low-income households, and to provide the policy suggestions for their economic well-being. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS). The results are as follows: As for income structure, the low-income households had lower amounts in earned income, business and side-work income, and property income, but a higher amount in transfer income. They had a lower amount in private transfer income, but a higher amount in public transfer income. They had the highest rate of transfer income, showing that the rate of public transfer income was higher than that of private transfer income, and the government assistance was the highest rate in public transfer income. The households in extreme poverty had the lowest amounts in earned income, financial income, private transfer income, but the highest amount in public transfer income. The households in poverty had the lowest amount in transfer income. The households in extreme poverty, poverty and near poverty showed the highest rate in transfer income. As for asset structure, the low-income households had a lower amount in every type of assets. They showed the highest rate in total debt, and had a higher rate in housing asset, but lower rates in real-estate asset, financial asset and other asset. The households in extreme poverty had a lower amount in every type of assets than the households in near poverty. Three types of the low-income households showed the highest rate in housing asset, but the households in extreme poverty was the highest among them. As for expenditure structure, the low-income households had lower amounts in all of the expenditure items. They showed the highest rate in food expenditure, the second highest in other consumption expenditure. The households in extreme poverty showed lower amounts in almost all of the expenditure items than the households in near poverty, but the households in extreme poverty showed a higher amount in monthly rent than the households in neat poverty. Three types of the low-income households showed the highest rate in food expenditure. The expenditure rates of food, monthly rent and light·heat·water for households in extreme poverty were higher than those for the households in near poverty.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.17-36
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• 2023

This research aims to investigate the socio-demographic, financial, and housing statuses of young married couples in Chonsei housing and to analyze the determinants of their residential environment quality and housing expenditure in four districts - Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon Area(GIA) of the Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA), and metropolises and non-metropolises of non-SMA. From the 2020 Korean Housing Survey(KHS), this cross-sectional analysis examined a sample of 691 households, and the findings revealed that most were headed by college-educated, salaried male workers aged 31 years old. While childless dual-earner couples were common in Seoul, single-income families of three were prevalent in non-SMA. The financial status of the couples in Seoul was a lot better than in the other three areas, particularly much higher in Chonsei deposit and total asset value. Further, many lived in a three-bedroom apartment unit sized 60m² and bigger, using a Chonsei loan. Regardless of areas, almost all the households spent a very low portion of their living expenses and income on housing costs. However, dual-earner families positively increased borrowing capacity, which improves the household's financial position that is likely to lead to equity increment in a volatile asset market in the long run. The statistical results indicated that residential environment assessment was influenced by neighborhood quality and housing expenditure was affected by housing size in Seoul, urban amenities in GIA and householder's gender in non-metropolises. Thus, this research proposes that strong measures be considered to mitigate housing inequality embedded in geographical and socio-economic disparities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.51-77
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• 2012

This study examines the scale of occurrence of Catastrophic Health Expenditure, and identifies the factors influencing Catastrophic Health Expenditure among disabled elderly households. Catastrophic Health Expenditure is defined by when the households' health care spending out of ability to pay exceeds 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. This study used the 2008, 2009, and 2010 surveys of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED) to explore how gender, age, spouse, the level of education, the degree of disability, the type of disability, disability duration, subjective health status, chronic disease, the number of household members, the proportion of disabled households, the proportion of working households, the proportion of aged households, the type of poverty, household income, net asset, determine Catastrophic Health Expenditure among disabled elderly households. The study examines the frequency of Catastrophic Health Expenditure with 726 households, and conducted the panel logit model. The empirical results show that Catastrophic Health Expenditures are significantly related to age, spouse, the type of disability, subjective health status, chronic disease, the number of households, the proportion of disabled households, the proportion of aged households, the type of poverty. This study showed that the health care safety net in South Korea was insufficient for disabled elderly households and that a policy should be established in ordered to protect disabled elderly households from occurrence of Catastrophic Health Expenditure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2018

The coast of Incheon reaches Incheon itself, Gimpo, Siheung, and Ansan of Gyunggi-do. Because this area has been seriously polluted, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries has established the Incheon Special Area Management Plan (SAMP) to preserve sea water quality as a marine environment asset. However, there is concern that actions taken in this area may change the surrounding marine ecology, being effected by farms, via a river that flows from waste lands, abandoned fishing activities and fishing nets, etc. Given this background, this study estimates the value of SAMP sea water quality using a choice experiment (CE). A CE survey of 1,000 households was undertaken, investigating trade-offs involving price and four attributes for selecting a preferred alternative to obtain a marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimate for each attribute. The estimation results showed that MWTP for a 1 %p improvement in sea water quality, the diversity of fauna species, the diversity of flora species, and a 1 %p reduction in marine litter as a result of conserving Incheon coastal sea water quality are estimated to be KRW 75, 135, 309 and 72 per household per year, respectively. All estimation results were statistically significant at the 1 % level. These findings can provide policy makers with useful information for evaluating and planning marine environmental management policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.231-248
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to trigger a discussion on the educational gap between regions in school library resources. To this end, differences and correlations between other resources invested in the school library and output results were analyzed according to manpower allocation. There was a positive correlation between the number of books, the budget, the number of seats, the number of borrowed materials, and the number of students. It was analyzed that manpower allocation had a negative correlation with the number of subjects in which the ratio of students, the lowest grade in the achievement evaluation, was more than 1/2. As a result of examining the staffing according to the 「School Library Promotion Act」 by regional characteristics, it was found that the allocation rate was statistically significantly higher in the order of metropolitan area, and provincial unit. Depending on the regional characteristics, there were differences in net asset per household as well as differences in school library manpower assignment rates. In contrast, the large cities with relatively affluent school library manpower assignment rates were found to be higher. Therefore, based on the survey contents of this study, it was emphasized that the manpower stipulated in the 「School Library Promotion Act」 should be deployed as soon as possible even in relatively poor areas to bridge the educational gap between regions.