• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.359-366
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• 2009

In this study, paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanosuspension (PxLN) was prepared and the in vivo profiles after intravenous administration in rats were investigated. We compared the manufacturing processes depending on the temperature: PxLN-H for a hot homogenization process and PxLN-C for solidification of lipid-drug mixtures by liquid nitrogen. Both formulations showed submicron size distribution and the similar drug loading efficiency of about 70%. In vitro release of PxLNs and Taxol$^{(R)}$ performed by a dialysis diffusion method showed similar pattern for PxLN-H and Taxol$^{(R)}$, but the reduced release profile for PxLN-C. PxLN or Taxol$^{(R)}$ was intravenously administered to the rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg as paclitaxel. The drug in blood samples were assayed by the HPLC/MS/MS method. The AUC$_t$ of PxLN-H was 3.4-fold greater than that of Taxol$^{(R)}$. PxLN-H gave higher biodistribution in all tissues than did Taxol$^{(R)}$. In addition, it maintained the higher drug concentration for 12 h. This lipid nanosuspension might be a promising candidate for an alternative formulation for the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble paclitaxel.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 1993

A conceptual thermoelectric heat pump(cooling mode) of small capacity is designed. Its performance is investigated through parametric analysis. COP and cooling capacity decease as the ambient temperature increases with ${\mu}$, J, T$\sub$wi/, fixed. To design a system of fixed capacity comes to calculate ${\mu}$ and J when T$\sub$wi/, and T$\sub$a/ are given. As v is fixed by semi-conductor manufacturers, optimum combination of n and I should be searched for ν. Optimum current could be calculated using ${\mu}$-J curve and optimum value of ${\mu}$. COR$\sub$R/ increases as water flow rate increases and T$\sub$a/ decreases. The effect of heat transfer coefficient at hot(heat releasing) side is more significant than that at cold(heat absorbing) side.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effects of different working fluids on the behavior and thermal performance of a hi-directional thermodiode. The thermodiode was made up of two rectangular loops mounted between a collector plate and a radiator plate. Rotatable joints between the horizontal and inclined segments of the loops enable easy alteration of the direction of heat transfer. The loops and the tank were filled with a working fluid for effective heat transfer when the thermodiode was forwarded biased. Six different working fluids were tested with thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.1 to $0.56W/m-^{\circ}C$, thermal expansion coefficient values ranging from $1.8\;{\times}10^{-4}$ to $1.3\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;K^{-1}$, and kinematic viscosity values ranging from $0.65\;{\times}\;10^{-6}$ to $100\;{\times}\;10^{-6}\;m^2/s$. Especially, mixtures of $Al_2O_3$ (30nm Particle) in deionized water have been tested for the volumetric ratios of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.1, 0.2%. Each experiment was carried out after the loop was filled with a working fluid for effective heat transfer and the thermodiode was forwarded biased. The solar thermodiode was heated by a radiant heater consisting of 20 halogen lamps that generated a heat flux of about $1000\;W/m^2$ on the collector surface. Results are given in terms of temperature development in different parts of the loop as heat is delivered from its hot end to the surrounding atmosphere by the radiator made of copper plates.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.364-369
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• 2002

Mulberry leaves are believed to be a potent inhibitor of intestinal $\alpha$-glycosidase and the digestion of sucrose in the small intestine. Mulberry leaves are also blown to help prevent the postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to elucidate the functionality and anti-hyperglycemic effect of mulberry leaves, and to develop a functional drink using mulberry leaf, silk peptide and oriental medicine. Several mixtures of mulberry lear extract silk peptide and oriental medicine were made for the purpose of manufacture and formulation of products. These mixtures were tested to check the $\alpha$-glycosidase inhibition effect to find the best formula. The optimum conditions for a mulberry leaf hot water extract were that the size of leaf was under 3mm, the amount of leaf needed 50~100 g/L, extraction temperature 9$0^{\circ}C$ and extraction time 2 hr. The yield of extraction was 20~25%. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of mulberry leaves was at maximum when the concentrations of mulberry leaf extract and silk peptide were 1% and 0.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 1976

An efficient separation method and the utilization of sericin are searched. Sericin was extracted with hot water from cocoons under atmospheric pressure. The separated sericin was gel-filtrated with Sephadex G-75 and G-150 at room temperature and at $70^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that sericin is consisted of only one fraction in elution diagram. In the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile to sericin ceric ammonium nitrate was chosen as an initiatior. A maximum yield was obtained at certain concentration of the initiator confirming our previous experiments. Viscosity measurement of alkali-hydrolyzed graft copolymers indicated that the polyacrylonitrile graft had the molecular weight in the range of 7,000.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.129-132
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• 2005

A new functional mushroom cultivated variety "Jangsaeng" of Fomitella fraxinea was developed by crossing monokaryons derived from collected strains for contribution to mushroom farmers. The major characteristics of this mushroom were compared to Yeongji 2ho of Ganoderma lucidum because of their morphological similarities. The optimal temperature of mycelial growth and fruitbody sprouting and growth were 30 and 25~30, respectively. The surface color of fruitbody pilus was reddish brown and the fruitbody was flat kidney-shaped like Ganoderma lucidum except that the stipe was absent. Its texture was so tough and rigid that the yield per 1,000 ml bottle might be as high as 136 g. The hot water extract of this medicinal mushroom is fit to drink just like Ganoderma lucidum but its taste is not bitter.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1992

Some structural characteristics of Japonica and Tongil type rice starches and their fractions were investigated to elucidate the differences between the two rice types. Japonica rice starches showed broader gelatinization temperature ranges and had higher ${\lambda}_{max}$ than those of Tongil ones. Intrinsic viscosity of starch, amylose and amylopectin for Japonica type were lower compared with those of Tongil type. ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit of rice starch were not different between two rice types, but those of amy_lose and amylopectin of Japonica ty_p_e were lower than Tongil type. The average unit chain length(${\overline}CL$) and average outer chain length(${\overlne}OCL$) of Japonica type amylopectin were shorter than those of Tongil one. Sepharose CL-2B chromatography of hot water soluble starch revealed that each starch had unique elution profile.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.389-395
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• 2016

Purpose: Drying is one of the most widely used methods for preserving agricultural products or food. The main purpose of drying agricultural products is to reduce their water content for minimizing microbial spoilage and deterioration reaction during storage. Methods: Although numerous drying methods are successfully applied to dehydrate various agricultural products with little drying time, the final quality of dried samples in terms of appearance and shape cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, based on published literature, this review was conducted to study the drying characteristics of various agricultural products when different drying methods were applied. Results: An increase in the drying power of sources-for example, increase in hot air temperature or velocity, infrared or microwave power-and the combination of drying power levels can reduce the drying time of various agricultural products. In addition, energy efficiency in drying significantly relies on the compositions of the dried samples and drying conditions. Conclusions: The drying power source is the key factor to control entire drying process of different samples and final product quality. In addition, an appropriate drying method should be selected depending on the compositions of the agricultural products.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2005

A calorimeter of 2-ton thrust level rocket engine chamber has been developed to measure the wall heat flux. The liner of the chamber is made of copper-chromium alloy to maximize the heat transfer performance and structural strength. 1-D design code based on empirical correlations has been used for the prediction of the global thermal characteristics while 3-D CFD has been applied for the verification of local cooling performance. The predicted average wall heat flux at the throat is 43 $MW/m^{2}$ for the combustion chamber pressure of 53 bar. The chamber structure is confirmed to be safe at the pressure of 150 bar through 2-D stress analysis and measurement of the strain of the test species. Finally, the test of pressurizing the calorimeter chamber has been performed with water at the pressure of 150 bar in room temperature environment. No thermal damage has been detected after the hot-fire test in the test nozzle of same cooling performance with the developed calorimeter though the measured throat heat flux is higher than the design value by 10%.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.512-516
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• 2008

To search for anit-H5N1 influenza virus agent, the anti-viral activity of methanol and aqueous extracts from thirty medicinal plants were examined in this study. The plant material (30 g) was extracted with methanol (300 mL) for 24 hr at room temperature. Methanol extracts were filtered and evaporated, then freeze-dried. Aqueous extracts were prepared with dried plant material (30 g) and hot distilled water (300 mL). After 3 hr, the aqueous extracts were filtered and evaporated, then lyophilized. Extracts prepared from different plants were tested the antiviral activity against influenza viruses [A/vietnam/1194/04 (H5N1)-NIBRG-14] using the hemagglutination (HA) assay. Among the test plants, Asarum sieboldii was found to be a potent inhibitor of H5N1 influenza virus in MDCK cell culture. Virus titers were 7 log, whereas with methanol extract of Asarum sieboldii for 48 hr titers were 3 log, indicating that methanol extract of Asarum sieboldii inhibited the H5N1 influenza viruses from the infected cells.