• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-279
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• 2005

The hot spot stress approach is usually adopted in the fatigue design and analysis of tubular welded joints. To apply the hot spot stress approach for fatigue evaluation of long span suspension bridges, the FEM is used to determine the hot spot stress of critical fatigue location. Using the local finite element models of the Tsing Ma Bridge, typical joints are developed and the stress concentration factors are determined. As a case for study, the calculated stress concentration factor is combined with the nominal representative stress block cycle to obtain the representative hot spot stress range cycle block under traffic loading from online health monitoring system. A comparison is made between the nominal stress approach and the hot spot stress approach for fatigue life evaluation of the Tsing Ma Bridge. The comparison result shows that the nominal stress approach cannot consider the most critical stress of the fatigue damage location and the hot spot stress approach is more appropriate for fatigue evaluation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.11 s.242
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• pp.1488-1493
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• 2005

In this study, fatigue tests to obtain S-N curves and FE analyses to obtain structural stress concentration factors were conducted for the two types of cruciform fillet welded joints, that is, load-carrying and non load-carrying types. Then we changed the obtained S-N curve of load carrying joint to that based on hot spot stress. As a result, the S-N curve of load carrying joint based on hot-spot stress was almost exactly coincided with that of non load-carrying joint based on nominal stress. So we have conducted that the fatigue strength of a welded joint with different geometry from the non stress distribution along the expected crack path.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.42 no.2 s.140
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• pp.129-135
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• 2005

At present, fatigue design of welded structures is primarily based on a nominal stress or hot spot stress approach with a series of classified weld S-N curves. Although well accepted by major industries, the nominal stress based fatigue design approach is cumbersome in terms of securing a series of S-N curves corresponding to each class of joint types and loading modes. The hot spot stress based fatigue design has a difficulty of finding a proper stress through the global model, the midium size model, and the detail model of ship structure. Also, it is difficult to link proper displacements within three different mesh size models. Recently, the structural stress is proposed as a mesh-size insensitive structural stress definition that gives a stress state at weld toe with relatively large mesh size. However, this method requires an experimental validation in obtaining the fatigue strength of weldments. Therefore, in this study, a series of experiment is performed for various sizes of weldments.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.200-210
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• 2010

In this paper, different evaluation methods of Hot Spot Stresses (HSS) have been applied to four different welded structure details in order to compare them and to illustrate their differences. The HSSs at failure-critical locations were calculated by means of a series of finite element analyses. There was good overall agreement between calculated and experimentally determined HSS on the critical locations. While different methods and procedures exist for the computation of the structural hot-spot stress at welded joints, the recommendations within the International Institute of Welding (IIW) guideline concerning the 'Hot Spot Stress' approach were found to give good reference stress approximations for fatigue-loaded welded joints. This paper recommends and suggests an appropriate finite element modeling and hot spot stress evaluation technique based on round-robin stress analyses and experimental results of several welded structure details.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2015

The cutout hole locating at the place of rib-to-diaphragm welded connection is adopted to minimize the restraint, which is caused by the floor-beam web to rib rotation at the support due to the unsymmetrical loads in orthotropic deck. In practice, an inevitable problem is that there is a large number of welding joint's cracks formed at the edge of cutout hole. In this study, a comparative experiment is carried out with two types of cutout hole, the circular arc transition and the vertical transition. The fatigue life estimation of specimens is investigated with the application of the structural hot spot stress approach by finite element analyses. The results are compared with the ones of the fatigue tests which are carried out on these full-scale specimens. Factors affecting the stress range are also studied.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

Because of the high stress concentration near the toe of a welded joint, the calculation of local stress using the finite element method which is relevant to the fatigue strength of the weld toe crack, is a challenging task. This is mainly caused by the sensitivity of finite element analysis, which usually occurs near the area of a dramatically changing stress field. This paper presents a novel numerical method through which a less mesh-sensitive local stress calculation can be achieved based on the 3D solid finite element, strictly sticking to the original definition of hot spot stress. In order to achieve the goal, a traction stress, defined at 0.5t and 1.5t away from the weld toe, was calculated using either a force-equivalent or work-equivalent approach, both of which are based on the internal nodal forces on the imaginary cut planes. In the force-equivalent approach, the traction stress on the imaginary cut plane was calculated using the simple force and moment equilibrium, whereas the equivalence of the work done by both the nodal forces and linearized traction stress was employed in the work-equivalent approach. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed method, five typical welded joints widely used in ships and offshore structures were analyzed using five different solid element types and four different mesh sizes. Finally, the performance of the proposed method was compared with that of the traditionally used surface stress extrapolation method. It turned out that the sensitivity of the hot spot stress for the analyzed typical welded joints obtained from the proposed method outperformed the traditional extrapolation method by far.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2008

Recently, a mesh-size insensitive structural stress definition (structural stress method) is proposed that gives a stress state at weld toe with a relatively large mesh size. The structural stress definition is based on the elementary structural mechanics theory and provides an effective measure of a stress state in front of weld toe. In this study, a fatigue strength assessment for a side shell connection of a container vessel using both the hot spot stress and the Battelle structural stress method was carried out. A consistent approach to compute the extrapolated hot spot stress for design purpose is described and current fatigue guidance is evaluated. Fatigue strength predicted by the two methodologies, e.g. hot spot stress and structural stress approaches, at hot spot locations of a typical ship structure are compared and discussed.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.35-51
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• 1999

Fatigue strength assessment procedures have been implemented in the ship design rules by many classification societies. However, a large variation tin the details of the different approaches exists in practically all aspects influding load history assessment, stress evaluation and fatigue strength assessment. In order to assess the influences of thesd variations on the prediction of fatigue lives. a comparative study is organized by the ISSC Committee III.2 Fatigue and Fracture. A pad detail on the top of longitudinal hatch coaming of a panamax container vessel is selected for fatigue calculation. The work described in this paper is one set of results of this comparative study in which the ABS dynamics approach is applied. Through this analysis the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) With the original ABS approach, the fatigue life of this pad detail is very low, only 2.398 years. (2) The treatment of the stillwater bending moment in the ABS approach might be a source of conservatism. If the influence of stillwater bending moment is ignored, then the fatigue life for this pad detail is 7.036 years. (3) The difference between the nominal stress approach and the hot spot stress approach for this pad detail is about 26%.

• 연구논문집
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• s.34
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• pp.59-68
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• 2004

The hot spot stress approach and the notch strain approach are discussed with some results of them. And a stress model that can be applicable to several types of weld joints with single S-N curve of the base material. The stress model uses the geometric characteristics of the stress distribution vicinity of weld joints. The model was applied to five different weld joins(the base material is SM490B). By the representative stress, the experimental fatigue data are plotted very closely to the S-N curve of the base material.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.125-129
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• 2002

Authors had developed the model for the fatigue life assessment of welded details considering residual stress and its relaxation. The model consists of three ingredients; a hot-spot stress approach, a residual stress relaxation, and an equivalent stress. The equivalent stress is induced by stress ranges and the ratios between the applied mean stresses and the ultimate stress of material. Once being tuned with two specific fatigue tests by using load carrying cruciform joint, this model can be applied to many kinds of welded details which structural stress concentration factors are different from each other. This paper reports the application of the proposed model for various welded details including cover plate, longitudinal stiffener, gusset and side attachment. From the investigation of predicted results by using the proposed model it was shown that the ambiguous fatigue characteristics of the various details influenced widely by the welding residual stress are clarified, and also the model could be applied to assess fatigue life of general welded structures.