• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.459-468
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• 2007

The u-City construction project has become a hot topic in the construction market because it seems economic value-added field for construction firms. However, construction firms don't willingly participate in the u-City construction market because environments of the future business for the u-City are very uncertain. Scenario planning is a very powerful method in managing this uncertain planning situation and is based on scenarios that help each enterprise appropriately adapt itself to its own business environments. Therefore it is based on the main principles of systems thinking and multiple futures. For the purpose of dealing with such uncertainties, this paper attempts to develop the possible market scenarios of the u-City construction market in S.Korea through a scenario planning approach. From this perspective, we considered various aspects of the u-City construction such as market demands, technology development, policy level and management environment. After considering the relevant issues, we identified the main trends and key uncertainties. Finally, we developed three coherent u-City construction market scenarios. Construction firms can use these scenarios as a basic reference for market analysis and business strategy. Therefore, this paper is able to enhance the participation of construction firms in the u-City construction market.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1280-1290
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• 2014

In order to obtain the cellulolytic bacterial consortia, sediments from Great Basin hot springs (Nevada, USA) were sampled and enriched with cellulosic biomass as the sole carbon source. The bacterial composition of the resulting anaerobic ethanol-producing celluloytic bacterial consortium, named SV79, was analyzed. With methods of the full-length 16S rRNA library-based analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 21 bacteria belonging to eight genera were detected from this consortium. Clones with closest relation to the genera Acetivibrio, Clostridium, Cellulosilyticum, Ruminococcus, and Sporomusa were predominant. The cellulase activities and ethanol productions of consortium SV79 using different agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse and spent mushroom substrate) and energy crops (Spartina anglica, Miscanthus floridulus, and Pennisetum sinese Roxb) were studied. During cultivation, consortium SV79 produced the maximum filter paper activity (FPase, 9.41 U/ml), carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase, 6.35 U/ml), and xylanase activity (4.28 U/ml) with sugarcane bagasse, spent mushroom substrate, and S. anglica, respectively. The ethanol production using M. floridulus as substrate was up to 2.63 mM ethanol/g using gas chromatography analysis. It has high potential to be a new candidate for producing ethanol with cellulosic biomass under anoxic conditions in natural environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.894-899
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted using a [6, 6-$^2H$]glucose isotope dilution method to determine the effects of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) on plasma glucose metabolism in sheep taken from a thermoneutral environment and exposed to a hot environment. The sheep were fed either mixed hay (MH) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) at a 60:40 ratio or MH and plantain (PL) at a 9:1 ratio in a crossover design for each 23-day period. In both dietary treatments the metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein intake were designed to be isoenergetic and isoproteinous at around maintenance level. The sheep were taken from a thermoneutral environment ($20^{\circ}C$, 70% RH) and exposed to a hot environment ($28-30^{\circ}C$, 70% RH) for 5 days. The isotope dilution method using a single injection of [6, 6-$^2H$]glucose was performed on the $18^{th}$ day of the thermoneutral environment and on the $5^{th}$ day of heat exposure. Plasma glucose pool size was numerically lower (p = 0.26) during heat exposure on both dietary treatments, and numerically higher (p = 0.13) on the MH diet irrespective of environmental temperature. Plasma NEFA concentration (p = 0.01) and glucose turnover rate (p = 0.03) were decreased during heat exposure, but remained similar between diets. It could be concluded that, although no positive impact of plantain on glucose metabolism was found under the present experimental conditions (plantain constituted only 10% of basal diet), plantain herb is an alternative to MH for rearing sheep in both thermoneutral and hot environments.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.462-466
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• 2015

This paper reports the microstructure of hot-pressed $ZrB_2$-SiC ceramics with added $B_4C$ as characterized by transmission electron microscopy. $ZrB_2$ has a melting point of $3245^{\circ}C$, a relatively low density of $6.1g/cm^3$, and specific mechanical properties at an elevated temperature, making it a candidate for application to environments with ultra-high temperatures which exceed $2000^{\circ}C$. Due to the non-sinterability of $ZrB_2$-based ceramics, research on sintering aids such as $B_4C$ or $MoSi_2$ has become prominent recently. From TEM investigations, an amorphous layer with contaminant oxide is observed in the vicinity of $B_4C$ grains remaining in hot-pressed $ZrB_2$-SiC ceramics with $B_4C$ as an additive. The effect of a $B_4C$ addition on the microstructure of this system is also discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

The growth and phosphatase (phosphomonoesterase) activity of Chroococcidiopsis culture isolated from the cryptoendoliths of the Antarctic were compared with a similar isolate from the Arizona hot desert. Such cyanobacteria living inside rocks share several features with the immobilized cells produced in the laboratory. This study has relevance because the availability of phosphorus is a key factor influencing the growth of these cyanobacteria in nature, in such unique ecological niches as the hot and cold deserts. Phosphatase activity therefore is of particular importance for these organisms if they are to survive without any other source of phosphorus availability. Also, there is paucity of knowledge regarding this aspect of study in cyanobacterial cultures from these extreme environments. The salient feature of this study shows the importance of specific pH and temperatures for growth and phosphatase activity of both cultures, although there were marked differences between the two isolates. The pH and temperature optima for growth and phosphatase activity (PMEase) of Chroococcidiopsis 1 and 2 were 9.5, $240^{\circ}C$ and 8.5, $40^{\circ}C$ respectively. The $K_m and V_max$ values of cultured Chroococcidiopsis 1 showed lower affinity of PMEase for the substrate compared to the enzyme affinity of the same organism when found within the rocks; Chroococcidiopsis 2 and Arizona rocks containing the same alga however showed similar affinity of PMEase for the substrate. An interesting observation was the similarity in response of immobilized Chroococcidiopsis 1 culture and the same organism in the Antarctic rocks to low light and low temperature stimulation of PMEase. This thermal response seems to be related to the ability of the immobilized Antarctic isolate and the rocks to either cryoprotect the PMEase or undergo a change to save the enzyme from becoming nonfunctional under low temperatures. The free cells of Chroococcidiopsis 1 culture however did not show such responses.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.149-161
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Tencel fabrics on physiological reactions of a human body and thermal comfort under the hot environment. The 3 females subjects in their twenties were selected and a wear sensation test of the subjects was performed with four experimental ensembles made of cotton and Tencel fabrics for the study in the hot environment(3$0^{\circ}C$, 70%RH). The resets of the test were summarized as follows: For the mean skin temperature, Tencel garments showed about 0.2$^{\circ}C$-0.4$^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the cotton garment. The temperature of the rectal was 0.2$^{\circ}C$-0.4$^{\circ}C$ lower for Tencel garments than that for the colon garment. In the form of ensembles, the order of rectal temperature of the subjects for both Tencel and cotton ensembles was 1>IV>III>II. In the body weight loss according to garment materials, Tencel had a lower and more uniform than the cotton Thus, it could concluded that if the perspiration took into account, garments made of Tencel can be more ideal than that of the cotton. The heart rate and oxygen consumption appeared to be proportional to each other. For the heart rate, ensemble TI and TII of Tencel were much lower than ensemble CI and CII. For whole enembles except for TIV, Tencel ensembles showed relatively better thermal sensation and comfort sensation than the cotton ensembles. In the fatigue sensation, the reactions of the subjects were “slightly fatigue” and “fatigue” for the cotton, but “neutral” and “slightly fatigue” for Tencel.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.473-491
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• 2018

This study identifies Japanese study content on heat stroke prevention measures using clothes, provides basic data for quantitative wearing assessment studies, presents a developmental direction for those, and helps invigorate further research. Studies were collected concerning clothing-based heat stroke measures in order to analyze the following factors: current status of heat stroke by industry and working environment, heat stroke and body cooling method, clothing microclimate and air circulation in a hot environment, hot environments and wearable sensors, and heat stress reduction and skin exposure. The current WBGT standard does not consider the diversity of wearing clothes according to the working environment. Therefore, it is preferable to add a correction value in consideration of design, materials, and ventilation to prevent heat strokes. For the heat stroke and body cooling method, wearing water-perfused clothing is effective to reduce heat stress and maintain exercise ability. Changing the material and design of clothing or wearing air-conditioned clothing can improve ventilation and the clothing microclimate. However, further evaluation is needed on the effectiveness of air-conditioned clothing as a heat stroke prevention product. The measurement method using a wearable sensor can provide real-time data on the body response due to working in a hot environment. Therefore, it is an effective alarm for heat stroke. Skin exposure area and heat dissipation efficiency should be considered to prevent heat stroke. Reducing the covering area by exposing the head, neck, and limbs, and wearing breathable material can prevent heat stroke from increased body temperature.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2008

Data synchronization between data stored in mobile communication terminals and data in a central server is one of essential tasks for efficient mobile communication environments. Since, however, manufacturers of mobile terminals have their proprietary data synchronization mechanisms, data interoperability can hardly be achieved. In this paper, an integrated data synchronization gateway based SyncML is designed and implemented. SyncML data synchronization is one of open standards proposed by OMA(Open Motile Alliance). In other words, by constructing a data synchronization gateway which can transform various proprietary data into SyncML data and vice versa, data interoperability between mobile terminals which use different data synchronization mechanisms can be achieved. With an integrated data synchronization gateway system implemented in this work, interoperability among WinCE-based ActiveSync data, PalmOs-based HotSync data and OMA SyncML data can be achieved.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.348-353
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• 2024

The S355NL steel has garnered attention as a structural material for applications in extremely challenging environments owing to its excellent mechanical properties. This study investigated the hot deformation behavior of S355NL steel through compression tests conducted in a temperature range of 900-1200℃ and a strain rate range of 10^-3-1 s^-1 to explore the optimal processing parameters. The flow behaviors consisted of an initial rapid increase and subsequent plateau with a marginal decrease in stress. This phenomenon was interpreted in terms of microstructural evolution, such as dislocation density and dynamic recrystallization. The efficiency of power dissipation and instability domains were derived using the dynamic material model based on the compression test dataset, providing a series of processing maps. In contrast to conventional processing maps plotted for a single strain value, this study has established ten maps at a strain interval of 0.1. This approach allowed for the consideration of continuously variable strain parameters, which is inherent to an actual metal-forming process. The efficiency of power dissipation was strongly governed by the high temperatures (≥ 1100℃). The strain rates barely affected the efficiency, but it primarily contributed to the instability domains. The application of high strain rates (≥ 10^-1s^-1) generated a region of negative instability due to the absence of dynamic recrystallization and the presence of cracks at grain boundaries.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.163-173
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine microbiological risk factors in hot pepper farms for the application of good agricultural practices (GAP). Samples were collected from cultivation environments and utensils, plants, workers, and air at 3 hot pepper farms located in Cheongsong, Korea and were tested to detect sanitary indications [aerobic plate bacteria (APC), coliform, and Escherichia coli], foodborne pathogens, and fungi. APC, coliform, and fungi were detected at the levels of 0.7~6.2, 0.2~4.7, and 0.4~4.3 log CFU, respectively, in the three farms. Four (4.4%; l leaf, l irrigation water, and 2 soil) of 90 samples collected were revealed to be E. coli positives. For foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was only detected at $1.0log\;CFU/100cm^2$ in the worker's cloth of B farm, and Bacillus cereus was detected at the levels 1.0~2.5 log CFU in the cultivation environments and utensils and worker of B and C farms. However, other pathogens were not detected. The results demonstrated potential microbiological risks for hot pepper cultivated in the farms. Therefore, a management system to minimize the microbial risk such as GAP is required to ensure the safety of hot pepper.