• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1973

Numerous factors concern with the absorption of substances through the membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. To simplify the experimental condition, present work has been restricted to observe the disappearance rate of substance from the intestinal loop which was made in the jejunum, 70 cm apart from the pylorus of the adult rabbit. The purpose of the study is to clarify the absorption of urea through the jejunal wall is solely attributable to the concentration difference between the luminal fluid and plasma, and to observe the effect of adding red pepper upon the rate of absorption. The rabbits were anesthetized with nembutal, 35mg/kg I.V. Jejunal loop was made by ligating at 2 spots, 70 cm and 80cm apart from the pylorus. After rinsing with normal saline solution through the polyethylene tubing inserted from the end of the loop, 8 ml of test solution was placed through the same tubing. The test solution contained 200 mg% of urea and 150mg% of polyethylene glycol(M.W. 4,000) in normal saline solution. Right after placing the test solution the first specimen was taken through the tubing, and successive samplings were performed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Logarithm of the difference of urea concentration between the luminal fluid and plasma was plotted against time elapsed after the onset of the experiment. If straight line is revealed, it would verify the nature of transport mechanism as diffusion, obeying the Fick's principle. The concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was also measured in order to examine the change in the volume. PEG was used as the marker substance because it is not absorbable in the intestinal tract. Consequently the concentration of PEG relates inversely to the volume of the loop. Instantaneous concentration of urea in the loop times the volume will give the amount of urea remaining in the luminal fluid. The change in the amount of any substance is directly relate to the volume of the compartment and differs from the change in the concentration which is independent of the volume. After completion of the experiment without red pepper, it was added in the test solution and was centrifuged after thorough mixing. Supernatant of the mixture was placed in the loop and similar sampling were performed with the same time intervals that of previous run in order to observe the effects of the red pepper on the passive transport of the water soluble small substance, urea. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Logarithm of the concentration difference of urea between the luminal fluid and plasma was diminished exponentially as time elapsed. The decay constant in the experiment without red pepper was 0.0563/min. By adding red pepper in the test solution as much as the concentration rose to 4,000 mg% and 8,000 mg%, the decay constants were lowered to 0.0493/min and to 0.0506/min, respectively. The time interval by which the concentration difference dropped to one half of the initial value was prolonged. Without red pepper the half concentration time was 13.30 minutes, and by adding extract of red pepper, 15.31 minutes and 15.71 minutes were revealed. 2. The profile of the diminishing rate of tile amount of urea was quite different from that of the concentration because of the change in the volume of the loop during the observed period. 3. By adding the extract of red pepper, it slowed down the rate of absorption of urea in the intestinal loop, suggesting an increase in the diffusional barrier. 4. Larger dosage of red pepper brought an increase in the secretion of intestinal fluid with concomitant expansion of the luminal volume, and the retardation of the absorption of urea was noticed. This effect was largely dependent on the sensitivity of the individual animal to the red pepper, extract. The amount of urea remained after 10 minutes interval was 55.5% of the initial amount in the experiment without red pepper. On the other hand it was not consistent after administration of red pepper, showing 50.6% and 66.5% of the initial figures by adding 400 mg and 800 mg of red pepper in the test solution, respectively. It was postulated that symptom of diarrhea often encountered by taking a hot (red pepper) food might be attributable to the increase of secretion and the retardation of absorption in the intestinal tract.

• 인삼문화
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• 제4권
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• pp.128-141
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• 2022

백령도는 인천광역시 옹진군에 속한 대한민국의 서해 최북단의 섬이고 면적은 51km²로 우리나라 섬 중에서 15번째로 크다. 1996년에 당시 한국담배인삼공사와 한국인삼연초연구소가 백령도에서 인삼의 재배 가능성을 조사하였다. 1997년에 옹진군의 재배 비용 지원에 힘입어 백령도에서는 최초로 인삼 묘포가 조성되었고, 1999년에 한국담배인삼공사와의 계약에 의해 밭에 묘삼(苗蔘)을 이식하였다. 2003년 본포에서 5년간 재배된 6년생의 첫 수확이 있었고 생산된 전량을 한국인삼공사에서 수매하였다. 이후 한국인삼공사는 2012년까지 2년생 밭을 계약하여 6년생이 된 2016년 가을까지 해당 밭에서 생산된 인삼을 수매하였다. 이후 2014년부터는 김포파주인삼농업협동조합과 계약하여 인삼을 생산하고 있다. 백령도의 6년생 재배 밭 9개소(총 5,961칸)를 조사한 결과 생육이 양호한 상위 5개소는 생존주율(生存株率)이 42.6~68%이고 생육이 부진한 하위 4개소는 생존주율이 11.1~21.3%로 매우 저조하였다. 생존주율이 저조한 4개소는 공통으로 전작물(前作物)이 다비성 작물인 고추였다. 고추재배 시 처리된 퇴비나 거름으로 인하여 토양에 질소 성분이 과잉 남아 인삼 뿌리를 썩게 하였을 것으로 판단된다. 전체 인삼밭의 평균 잎점무늬병 발병엽율(發病葉率)은 8.6%이었는데, 6년생 6개소는 1.1~4.7%로 발병엽율이 낮았으나 다른 3개소는 16.7~20.9%로 높게 나타났다. 결주(缺株)와 잎점무늬병 발병이 많은 것은 육지보다 적은 강우량 때문에 해가림 피복을 비가 새는 차광망으로 설치한 것이 원인으로 추정된다. 한편, 황갈색 반점형 황증이 3% 발생한 밭이 있었는데 토양 중 철 성분이 과잉으로 존재하여 인삼에 과다하게 흡수되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 백령도 인삼재배에서 생산성을 증대시키기 위해서는 토양에 대한 이화학적 분석 결과를 토대로 해서 과학적 방법으로 예정지 관리를 강화하여야 하며, 비가 새지 않는 차광지로 해가림하고, 점적관수 시설을 설치하는 등 백령도에 적합한 인삼경작법을 개발해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 백령도의 아름다운 자연환경에 인삼제품과 음식을 특화하여 인삼이 백령도의 새로운 발전 동력이 되기를 기대한다.