• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2007

Precocious metamorphosis was induced in two popular bivoltine breeds i.e. YB and $NB_4D_2$ by an imidazole compound having anti-juvenile hormone activity. The chemical was administered by feeding treatment with mulberry leaf to freshly moulted (0-6 hrs) IV instar larvae. The dose of the chemical was found to be breed specific being 650 ppm for YB and 500 ppm for $NB_4D_2$. The chemical caused complete skipping up of the fifth instar larvae which is most susceptible to diseases. But IV instar was somewhat prolonged. As a result the total larval period was reduced by 4-5 days. However, some of the rearing and reeling parameters like cocoon yield, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell %, filament length and fecundity were reduced for that particular generation only. The effective rate of rearing (ERR %) was significantly increased in trimoulters during the most unfavourable August - September seed crop season. Number of cocoons / kg and number of male moth were significantly higher in trimoulters. These may be useful for preparation of $multi{\times}bi$ hybrid seed. Fine denier was also found in trimoulter cocoon which is the cause of getting fine silk filament from trimoulter cocoons. Normal mating behaviour and emergence pattern was recorded in trimoulters. Bivoltine trimoulter males also showed competence for mating with multivoltine females. These results suggest the possibility of getting trimoulter males during hot and humid seasons when rearing of bivoltine is almost impossible particularly in Eastern and North Eastern India.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 1984

과립혼입 오렌지 쥬우스용 오렌지 과립을 대량 으로 1차 가공하여 중간제품으로 저장하면서 필요시에 완제품으로 제조할 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위하여 오렌지 과립의 열처리 조건 및 포장방법별 저장중 품질변화와 완제품 제조에 따른 저장제품의 가공적성을 확인한 결과 5개월 이상 안전저장이 가능하였으며 포장후 살균공정과 고온충진공정에서의 가공방법별 차이는 없었고 포장방법에 따른 차이는 있어 관포장이 가장 좋았고 3겹파우치포장, 2 겹파우치포장 순이었다. 또한 쎄그먼트로 가공 저장하는 것이 과립으로 저장하는 것보다 우수하었으며 2겹파우치 포장을 제외한 모든 처리구에서 대조구(과립 저장초기에 가공한 과립혼입 쥬우스 완제품)보다 관능검사 결과가 좋게 나타나서 중간제품으로 저장하였다가 제조한 완제품이 품질면에서 더 좋다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 2018

한국중부발전 제주화력본부에서 방류되는 온배수로부터 열원을 회수하여 약 3 km의 원거리에 위치하고 있는 신촌백합영농조합법인의 시설온실에 냉온수를 공급하기 위한 300 RT 용량의 열펌프 시스템을 구축하였다. 원거리 시설로 온배수열을 공급하기 위한 최적화 방안을 도출하였고, 수송관로의 온도와 누수여부를 모니터링하기 위한 설비들이 설치되었다. 본 논문에서는 제주 시설온실 냉난방을 위한 발전소 온배수 활용 열펌프 시스템의 구성과 주요기기에 대해 기술하였다. 2018년 하절기에 열펌프 시스템의 냉방성능을 평가하기 위한 실증운전을 수행하였다. 냉방운전 시 열펌프 시스템의 주요 위치에서 측정된 유체의 온도와 유량, 그리고 냉방 성능계수를 분석하여, 구축된 열펌프 시스템의 안정성과 냉방성능을 검증하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2019

Objective: We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Methods: Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. Results: Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with $BCS{\geq}3.0$. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. Conclusion: Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.249-262
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the pollution characteristics of the main pollution zone in the Hwangguji watershed and the influence of the tributary on the main stream. The characteristics of the main pollution zone, including, the water quality index (WQI), stream rating, load duration curve (LDC), delivery load density (DLD), and contribution of the tributary to the mainstream, were evaluated by time-series visual heatmap. The WQI of the mainstream of Hwangguji was lowered to the poor (IV) level from the inflow point of Suwon stream (SW) and the LDC excess rate in the T-P was higher than that of BOD₅, especially for the wet season, suggesting that management of non-point source with T-P is preferred. The contribution (%) of the tributaries in the upstream section of Hwangguji watershed were BOD₅ 14.54%, TOC 15.67%, T-N 5.43%, and T-P 6.97%. In particular, the Suwon sewage treatment plant located in the mainstream showed a high contribution of BOD₅ (64.40%) and T-P (53.54%), respectively, due to the high discharge rate (6.019 m³/sec). Meanwhile, Sammi and Gal stream have a large impact on the mainstream with high DLD and poor WQI. Thus, both streams were considered as pollution hot spots. These results provide useful basic data for preparing more effective water quality improvement and management plans in the watershed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2021

We investigated the effect of temperature and stock density on the collection efficiency of oral fluid in the pig farm in Korea. Three pig farms with similar breeding environmental conditions were selected and four pens of each farm (total 12 pens) were tested for the collection efficiency of oral fluid from pigs. Collection rate was considered as significant when oral fluid was collected from 70% of pigs within a pen. In the case of growing pigs, when internal temperature of pig barn increased by one designated degree (5℃), the oral fluid collection rate significantly decreased by 24.7% (P<0.05). The collection rate of oral fluid also decreased by 7.1% (P<0.05) as the density rate increase by one designated degree (12.5%). It was estimated that the collection efficiency of oral fluid decreased when the internal temperature of pig barn was 30℃ or higher, or barn density is higher 25% or high. On the other hand, in the case of stall-housing sows, unlike growing pigs, there was no significant differences according to the temperature, so oral fluid collection was considered to be efficient even in hot season.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.590-605
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate thermal environmental factors, thermal clothing properties, and thermal sensation of the office workers in four selected office buildings in Seoul, and to determine the effect of thermal environmental factors and clothing insulation to the thermal sensation of the subjects. The subjects selected from each office were 5 males and 5 females at a time. Thermal environmental factors(DBT, GT, RH, MRT, $ET^{\ast}$) and clothing variables such as clothing weight per body surface $area(g/m^2)$ and estimated clothing insulation values(clo) were significantly different among each seasons(p<0,001). Means of $ET^{\ast}$ and estimated clothing insulation values of each season were as follows; Winter; $20.84^{\circ}C$ $ET^{\ast}$ with 0.72 clo for male and 0.79 clo for female Spring and fall; $23.65^{\circ}C$ $ET^{\ast}$ with 0.59 clo for male and 0.68 clo for female Summer; $26.00^{\circ}C$ $ET^{\ast}$ with 0.47 clo for male and 0.53 clo for female. In comparison these data with ASHRAE Standard, the subjects were predicted to feel comfort-able in spring and fall, and slightly hot in summer and slightly cold in winter because of high and low clo respectively. But the result of this survey showed more than $80\%$ of the occupants were thermally comfortable at a given environmental temperature and clo.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.7-21
• /
• 2023

This research aims to understand the specific aspects of the utilization of the pavilion by a group of governors in the mobile office system of the early Joseon Dynasty through two diaries written in the 16th century. Miam Diary by Yu Hee-chun, a governor of Jeolla Province, and Jaeyeongnam Diary by Hwang Sa-woo, a chief aide of Gyeongsang Province, are important historical materials that reveal the utilization patterns of the pavilion by the governor, who was the decision maker and main user of governmental pavilions. As a result of analyzing the two diaries, the utilization of governmental pavilions was concentrated in the hot summer season, May to July, which is closely related to the perception of temperature and humidity. While pavilions are mostly used as office and banquet places, some notable usage patterns have been identified. When there were several governmental pavilions in a town, the order of appreciation was determined by considering the location and scenery, and the pavilions were also used as a place to encourage learning as governors taught Confucian scholars well. Governmental pavilions functioned as a device to visualize hierarchy through seating and accommodation arrangements. The authors of the diaries left comments on the famous pavilions and sometimes went to see the pavilions after asking for permission from the superior. This research is meaningful in that it reconstructed the relationship network and phases of the times of governmental pavilions scattered across the country through institutions and daily life.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 주요북방형(主要北方型) 목초(牧草)에 있어서 기상환경(氣象環境)과 예취방법(刈取方法)이 비구조성(非構造性) 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 합성(合成) 및 축적형태(蓄積形態)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 한국(韓國)의 Suweon, Cheju 및 Taekwalyong과 서독(西獨)의 Freising 및 Braunschweig에서 $1975{\sim}'79$년간(年間) 실시(實施)되었다. 공시초종(供試草種)은 orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass 및 meadow fescue를, 예취관리(刈取管理)는 방목기(放牧期)(년(年) $6{\sim}7$회(回)), silage 기(期)(년(年)$4{\sim}5$ 회(回)) 및 건초기이용(乾草期利用)(년(年) 3 회(回))으로 구분(區分) 분할구배치법(分割區配置法) 4반복(反復)으로 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였는바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 북방형(北方型) 목초(牧草)에 있어서 비구조성탄수화물(非構造性炭水化物)의 합성(合成) 및 축적형태(蓄積形態)는 초종(草種) 및 재배지역(栽培地域)에 따라 차이(差異)가 크다. 초종별(草種別) total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) 함량(含量) meadow fescue가 8.01%로 가장 높았으며 다음은 perennial ryegrass 6.08% 및 orchardgrass 4.39%의 순(順)이었다. 이같은 결과(結果)는 서독지방(西獨地方)의 TNC 함량(含量) 12.73%(meadow fescue), 18.02%(perennial ryegrass) 및 10.42% (orchardgrass) 보다 낮은 수준(水準)으로 지역간(地域間)에 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. Orchardgrass의 비구조성(非構造性) 탄수화물(炭水化物) 함량은 fructosan .34%, mono- 및 disaccharose 3.04%로 mono- 및 disaccharose 형태(形態)로 다량(多量) 축적(蓄積)되는데 반(反)해 perennial ryegrass에서는 fructosan 3.25%, mono- 및 disaccharose 2.83%로 fructosan 함량(含量)이 약간(若干) 높은 편이었다. Meadow fescue 식물(植物)의 축적형태별(蓄積形態別) 함량(含量)은 각각(各各) fructosan 3.93%, mono- 및 disaccharose 4.08%이었다. 3. 비구조성(非構造性) 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 합성(合成) 및 축적(蓄積)은 환경온도(環境溫度)가 상승됨에 따라 감소(減少)되었다($P{\leqq}0.1%$). 이같은 원인(原因)으로 우리나라에 있어서의 계절별(季節別) mono- 및 disaccharose와 fructosan 함량(含量)은 봄철의 2.69% 및 1.34%에서 고온건조(高溫乾燥)한 여름철에는 각각(各各) 1.28% (mono- 및 disaccharose) 및 0.34% (fructosan)로 감소(減少)되었다. 그러나 여름철 기온(氣溫)이 낮은 Freising 및 Braunschweig에서는 계절간(季節間) 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 함량변화(含量變化)가 한국(韓國)에서와 같이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 4. 비구조성(非構造性) 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 합성(合成) 및 축적(蓄積)은 목초(牧草)의 잦은 예취(刈取)에서 크게 감소(減少)되었다. 이와같은 원인(原因)으로 여름철 고온기간중(高溫期間中) 잦은 예취이용(刈取利用)은 식물체내(植物體內)의 TNC 함량(含量)을 감소(減少)시켜 예취후(刈取後)의 재생력(再生力)이 크게 약화(弱化)된다. 그러나 기온(氣溫)이 낮은 조건(條件)에서는 예취관리(刈取管理)에 따른 비구조성(非構造性) 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 함량변화(含量變化)가 크게 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2006

농촌 마을단위 하수처리장에서 오염물질의 존재형태별 처리 경향을 파악하여 하수처리장의 설계 및 시공시 부지면적 감소와 오염물질의 처리효율 극대화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 농촌 마을 단위 하수처리장을 호기성조와 혐기성조로 구분하여 시공한 다음 하수처리 경과시기별, 오염물질 부하량별 및 계절별로 각 오염물질의 존재형태별 수처리 효율을 조사하였다. 하수처리 경과시기에 따른 오염물질 처리효율을 조사한 결과 호기성조 처리수에서 하수처리 시간이 경과함에 따라 BOD, COD, TOC 및 SS처리량은 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 처리된 오염물질의 존재형태를 조사한 결과 호기성조 및 혐기성조에서 BOD는 대부분 IBOD로, COD는 대부분 ICOD로, TOC는 대부분 STOC로, SS는 대부분 VSS로, T-N은 대부분 DTN 및 T-P는 대부분 DTP로 처리되었다. 부하량별 오염물질 처리효율을 조사한 결과 BOD 처리량은 호기성조와 방류수 모두에서 처리된 대부분의 BOD는 IBOD이었다. COD 처리량도 BOD와 유사하게 호기성조에서는 대부분 ICOD형태로 처리되었으나, 혐기성조에서는 ICOD와 SCOD가 비슷한 처리량을 보였다. 그러나 하수처리장에서 처리되는 TOC의 존재형태별 처리량은 BOD 및 COD와는 달리 호기성조 처리수와 방류수 모두에서 STOC의 처리량이 약간 많았다. 부하량별 SS 처리효율은 호기성조 처리수에서 95%정도 처리되어 대부분의 SS는 호기성조에서 처리되었으며, 처리되는 SS의 용존형태는 호기성조 처리수에서는 대부분 VSS로 처리되었고, 방류수에서는 VSS와 FSS가 비슷한 양으로 처리되었다. 부하량별 T-N 처리효율은 호기성조 처리수에서 32%정도이었고, 방류수에서 24%정도이었다. 또한 처리되는 T-N의 용존형태는 호기성조 처리수와 방류수 모두에서 DTN이 STN에 비해 월등히 많은 양이 처리되었다. 부하량별 T-P 처리효율은 호기성조에서 62%정도이었고, 혐기성조에서 14%정도로 대부분 호기성조에서 처리되었으며, 처리되는 T-P의 용존형태는 호기성조와 방류수 모두에서 대부분 DTP형태이었다. 계절별 오염물질 처리량을 조사한 결과 BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N 및 T-P 처리량은 여름과 가을이 봄과 겨울에 비해 처리량이 약간 증가되었으며, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N 및 T-P는 4계절 모두 방류수의 처리효율이 각각 92, 89, 73, 95, 46 및 84%이상의 높은 처리효율을 나타내었다.